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Tytuł:
Generation of Rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency curves for the Barak River Basin
Autorzy:
Basumatary, V.
Sil, B. S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/108572.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Meteorologii i Gospodarki Wodnej - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
rzeka Barak
projektowanie
burza
krzywa IDF
mapa
rozkład prawdopodobieństwa
Barak River
design storm
IDF curve
isopluvial map
probability distribution
Thiessen Polygon
Opis:
Analysis of a design storm, explained as the expected rainfall intensity for a given storm duration and return period is carried out to establish Rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) relationships. The IDF relationships are essential for the designing of hydraulic structures for future planning and management. The intent was to determine IDF relationship for the Barak River Basin in India. This region receives heavy rainfall but lacks potential in harnessing the available water resources. Rain gauge stations are not so frequent in this region. Under this condition, the engineers are bound to use IDF relationships. Using the 24-hour annual maximum rainfall and disaggregated hourly maximum rainfall as a measure of rainfall intensity for each station, IDF curves and isopluvial maps of rainfall intensities of 30-minute to 24-hour durations were generated. Analysis was done using the best fit amongst the Gumbel, Log Pearson Type III and Lognormal probability distribution functions. The goodness-of-fit tests indicated the Log Pearson Type III distribution was a suitable distribution for the area. After developing IDF curves for each station, an average IDF curve was developed using the Thiessen Polygon method in ArcGIS. The IDF relationship developed can be used as valuable information for the planning and management of hydraulic structures in the region.
Źródło:
Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications; 2018, 6, 1; 47-57
2299-3835
2353-5652
Pojawia się w:
Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An empirical model of rainfall intensity as a function of rainfall duration and probability of occurrence
Autorzy:
Harisuseno, Donny
Prasetyorini, Linda
Fidari, Jadfan S.
Chandrasasi, Dian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2203546.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
empirical model
probability of occurrence
rainfall duration
rainfall intensity
recurrence interval
Opis:
Rainfall is one of the main components of the hydrologic cycle; thus, the availability of accurate rainfall data is fundamental for designing and operating water resources systems and infrastructure. This study aims to develop an empirical model of rainfall intensity (It,p) as a function of its probability (p) and duration (t). In 1999-2020, data on the hourly duration of rainfall were collected from automatic rainfall recorder (ARR) gauges. The empirical model has been developed using a statistical approach based on duration (t) and probability (p), and subsequently they have been validated with those obtained from ARR data. The resulting model demonstrates good performance compared with other empirical formulas (Sherman and Ishiguro) as indicated by the percent bias (PBIAS) values (2.35-3.17), ratio of the RMSE (root mean square error) between simulated and observed values to the standard deviation of the observations (RSR, 0.028-0.031), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE, 0.905-0.996), and index of agreement (d, 0.96-0.98) which classified in the rating of “very good” in model performance. The reliability of the estimated intensity based on the empirical model shows a tendency to decrease as duration (t) increases, and a good accuracy mainly for the rainfall intensity for shorter periods (1-, 2-, and 3-hours), whereas low accuracy for long rainfall periods. The study found that the empirical model exhibits a reliable estimate for rainfall intensity with small recurrence intervals (Tr) 2-, 5-, 10-, and a 20-year interval and for a shorter duration (t). Validation results confirm that the rainfall intensity model shows good performance; thus, it could be used as a reliable instrument to estimate rainfall intensity in the study area.
Źródło:
Journal of Water and Land Development; 2023, 56; 182--193
1429-7426
2083-4535
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Water and Land Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The method of rainfall intensity estimation for runoff prediction
Przewidywanie splywu powierzchniowego na podstawie oszacowania intensywnosci opadu
Autorzy:
Walczak, R T
Slawinski, C.
Kaszewski, M.B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/801573.pdf
Data publikacji:
1995
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
intensywnosc opadow
rozklad lognormalny
splyw powierzchniowy
opady
Opis:
In the hydrological models, for correct water movement description in the soil profile and within soil-plant-atmosphere system it is necessery to know intensity of precipitation because in total water balance equation runoff componenet is included. In this work the analysis of pluviographic data from meteorological station of the University of Maria Curie-Sklodowska on the period 1979 - 1991 was made. Tire aim of tire study is to determine the precipitation intensity distribution on the base of typical data from meteorological station (daily precipitation for fixed place and time). It results from the analysis carried out that, the intensity of precipitation can be estimated by lognormal distribution. Using distribution parameters of precipitation intensity, it is possible to estimate intensity distribution from daily precipitation data, which are conventionally collected on meteorological stations. On the ground of these considerations one can detemiine runoff, as very important water balance component.
W modelach hydrologicznych do poprawnego opisu transportu wody w glebie oraz w systemie gleba-roślina- atmosfera potrzebna jest znajomość intensywności opadu, ponieważ w ogólnym bilansie wody w tym systemie niezbędna jest znajomość spływu powierzchniowego. W standardowych stacjach agroklimatycznych rejestrowana jest wielkość opadu. W pracy dokonano analizy danych pluwiograficznych z lat 1979 - 1991 ze stacji klimatycznej w Lublinie. Analiza ta wykazała, że częstość występowania poszczególnych intensywności w analizowanym opadzie może być aproksymowana rozkładem lognormalnym. Na podstawie znajomości parametrów tego rozkładu oraz współczynnika infiltracji można, dla danego miejsca i czasu, określić przy danym opadzie ilość wody infiltrującej w głąb profilu glebowego oraz wielkość spływu powierzchniowego.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych; 1995, 419; 119-123
0084-5477
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of Rainfall Intensity Towards Macrozoobenthos Community Structure in Ciletuh Bay Regency of Sukabumi District, West Java, Indonesia
Autorzy:
Nasrudin, Clairissa A.
Yuniarti, Yuniarti
Ihsan, Yudi Nurul
Syamsudin, Mega L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1031702.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Ciletuh Bay
Macrozoobenthos
Months
Nutrient
Sukabumi
Water quality parameters
Opis:
The purpose of the study undertaken between May 2018 and April 2019 is to determine the effect of rain water intensity on the value of macrozoobenthos structures in Ciletuh Bay. The data used in this research and directly taken from the research site are seawater quality parameters, analysis of sample granulometry and identification of the sample macrzoobenthos, while all data processing was conducted in the laboratory. The method used in this study was purposive sampling. The result of this research in sand type sediment texture brought a count of 96 macrozoobenthos individuals. In contrast, the count was only 7 in silt type sediments. The study concluded that the effect of varied rainfall intensity impacts the water quality parameters that caused the difference types of sediment in Ciletuh Bay.
Źródło:
World News of Natural Sciences; 2020, 28; 142-154
2543-5426
Pojawia się w:
World News of Natural Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An analysis of short duration high-intensity rainfall events in Cracow area
Autorzy:
Jarosińska, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/101341.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Tematy:
urban catchment
flooding
rainfall intensity
Chomicz scale
Opis:
The study involves a preliminary analysis of short-duration high-intensity rainfall events in the area of Cracow. The events were selected from a 2-year data record from the MPWiK (Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Wodociągów i Kanalizacji [Municipal Water and Sewage Company]) in Cracow. A spatial analysis was carried out by comparing rainfall events with highest single totals which occurred at the same time at all observed precipitation stations. Extracted were nine cases from the data record of 2013 and ten from the data record of 2014. Each of the analysed events was classified according to the Chomicz scale for rainfall intensity in order to distinguish maximum rainfalls, in particular of the following types: heavy rainfalls, rainstorms and torrential rains. Additionally, observed were cases of the most unfavourable rainfall events, i.e. ones with the highest totals in the observed year. In both 2013 and 2014, certain areas in Cracow were observed to be characterised by a pattern of repeating rainfall types. Also, a change in the rainfall category was observed from lower into higher and reverse in certain areas represented by the same gauging stations. At the stations located in varying distances within one urban area of Cracow, the intensity of rainfall varied from rainstorm A1 to torrential rain B1.
Źródło:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2018, III/1; 575-588
1732-5587
Pojawia się w:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Searching for regularities of slope modelling by extreme events (diversity of rainfall intensity – duration and physical properties of the substrate)
Autorzy:
Starkel, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/295128.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Geomorfologów Polskich
Tematy:
thresholds
slope processes
physical properties
substrate
monitoring water circulation
Opis:
In the last decades, research into slope transformation, especially transformation caused by debris flows and shallow landslides has set great store by the establishment of thresholds based on the relation of mean rainfall intensity to its duration. The present author is no exception. In the 1970s, after examining that relationship he distinguished three main types of extreme rainfalls (heavy downpours, continuous rains and rainy seasons). In this paper, while noting the great diversity of extreme events in space and time, he stresses the function of extremely high rainfall intensity in triggering off the slope transformation. Taking into account the role of such parameters as the effect of substrate, relief and land use on the distribution of precipitation into overland flow, subsurface runoff, and ground water storage, he proposes several models that connect geomorphic processes with different types of extreme rainfalls. In critical comments to the establishment of thresholds based only on mean daily rainfall and mean rainfall intensity he follow the opinion on limitation of factors to standart climatic and hydrologic and hydrologic data presented earlier by T. Dunne and A. Freeze. This analysis also notes the role of clusterings of events in various climatic zones and stresses the need of continuous monitoring of rainfall intensity and any other aspects of water circulation on slopes. All of those elements are indispensable for the construction of a more diversified pattern of thresholds.
Źródło:
Landform Analysis; 2012, 21; 27-34
1429-799X
Pojawia się w:
Landform Analysis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Spatial variability study of rainfall in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
Autorzy:
Mouthon-Bello, Javier A.
Quiñones-Bolaños, Edgar
Ortiz-Corrales, Jairo E.
Mouthon-Barraza, Natalia
Hernández-Fuentes, Maria D.J.
Caraballo-Meza, Andrea C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2174346.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
coastal city
rainfall duration
rainfall intensity
spatial correlation
spatial variability
Opis:
Precipitation is a component of the hydrological cycle, knowing its spatial distribution is vital for the management of hydrographic basins, the territory and the development of fundamental activities for society. That is why the present study shows the spatial variability of rainfall in Cartagena de Indias city with a network of rain gauges, made up of nine pieces of equipment, separated from each other by 0.9-27 km. After a year of recording (2019), using historical series of data, it was found that the maximum rainfall occurs in the trimester between September and November, with interpolated maps made by the Ordinary Kriging (OK) method it was found that the maximum rainfall is focused on the north, centre and west of the territory, instead, the maximum intensities are presented in the centre and west, the minimums for both variables are presented to the east and south. The 70 and 90% of the rain events have a duration of less than 30 min and 1 h, respectively. Three-parameter exponential function was fitted to the paired correlation distances, and presented correlations lower than 0.8, 0.5 and 0.2 from distances of 1, 3 and 7 km, respectively, in 30 min rain integration. It was also found that with a pluviometric network conformed by at least six pieces of equipment and separated by a 5 km distance from each other in the urban area, a correlation of 0.5 and compliance with the WMO recommendations would be obtained.
Źródło:
Journal of Water and Land Development; 2022, 55; 138--149
1429-7426
2083-4535
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Water and Land Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Flow Rate Determination as a Function of Rainfall for the Ungauged Suhareka River
Autorzy:
Kusari, Laura
Osmanaj, Lavdim
Shehu, Hana
Bungu, Samir
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2086389.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
catchment area
regression coefficient
CN parameter
rainfall intensity
flow curve
rainfall
flood
Opis:
For ungauged rivers, when there are no hydrological measurements and there is a lack of data on perennial flow rates, the latter one to be determined based on other hydrological data. The river Suhareka catchment represents a similar case. Since there is no data on Suhareka’s flow rates, the authors of this study aimed for the flow rate determination based on rainfall measurements. From the available data on annual precipitation (monthly sums) provided by the Kosovo Hydrometeorological Institute for the Suhareka hydrometric station, the observed monthly rainfall data for 30 years were analysed. Those gaps were initially filled by connecting the hydrometric station in Suhareka with those of Prishtina, Prizren and Ferizaj, and as a result a fairly good fit was ensured. Moreover, the intensity-duration-frequency curves were formed using the expression of Sokolovsky, as a mathematical model of the dependence I (T, P). For a transformation of rainfall into flow, the American method SCS was used. As a result, the equation for the Suhareka River basin was derived, which enabled the determination of maximum inflows, for different return periods. The results obtained through this paper, indicates that even for ungauged river basins the peak flows can be determined from available rainfall data.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2022, 23, 4; 110--121
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Paradoxes in the development of gullies
Autorzy:
Starkel, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/294661.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Geomorfologów Polskich
Tematy:
gully formation
linear erosion
piping
mass movements
rainfall intensity
permability of substratum
Opis:
Gullies in the temperate zone are the products of linear erosion, piping and mass movements active mostly during heavy rains. On dominant role of one of those three co-operating processes decide the parameters of rainfalls and permability of substratum. The diversity of gullying depends also on the inherited relief and stage of development of gully forms. In the cultivated areas the formation of gullies is initiated also by cart-roads.
Źródło:
Landform Analysis; 2011, 17; 11-13
1429-799X
Pojawia się w:
Landform Analysis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modelling of rainfall intensity in a watershed: A case study in Amprong watershed, Kedungkandang, Malang, East Java of Indonesia
Modelowanie intensywności opadów w zlewni – przykład zlewni Amprong w Kedungkandang, Malang, Wschodnia Jawa, Indonezja
Autorzy:
Limantara, L. M.
Harisuseno, D. H.
Devi, V. A. K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/293169.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
duration
forecasting
probability
flood probability
rainfall intensity
czas trwania opadu
intensywność opadu
modelowanie
prawdopodobieństwo powodzi
prognozowanie
Opis:
Analysis of rainfall intensity with specific probability is very important to control the negative impact of rainfall occurrence. Rainfall intensity (I), probability (p) and return period (T) are very important variables for the discharge analysis. There are several methods to estimate rainfall intensity, such as Talbot, Sherman, and Ishiguro. The aim of this research is to develop equation model which can predict rainfall intensity with specific duration and probability. The equation model is compared with the other methods. The result of rainfall intensity model with the value of correlation >0.94 and Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient >99 is quite good enough if compared with the observation result. For specific return period, the modelling result is less accurate which is most likely caused by election of duration. Advanced research in other location indicates that short duration gives the better result for rainfall intensity modelling, which is shown by the decreasing average value of mean absolute error (MAE) from 12.963 to 8.26.
Analiza intensywności opadów o określonym prawdopodobieństwie jest bardzo ważna, aby móc kontrolować negatywny wpływ opadów. Intensywność opadu (I), jego prawdopodobieństwo (p) i okres powtarzalności (t) są istotnymi zmiennymi w analizie odpływu. Istnieje kilka metod (Talbota, Shermana i Ishiguro) wykorzystywanych do oceny intensywności opadu. Celem badań było zbudowanie modelu, który może przewidywać intensywność opadu o określonym czasie trwania i prawdopodobieństwie. Wyniki uzyskane za pomocą modelowania porównano z uzyskanymi innymi metodami. Wyniki modelu intensywności opadów z wartością korelacji >0,94 i współczynnikiem Nasha–Sutcliffe’a > 0,99 są wystarczająco dobre, jeśli porówna się je z danymi pochodzącymi z obserwacji. W odniesieniu do określonego okresu powtarzalności wyniki modelowania są mniej dokładne, prawdopodobnie ze względu na wybrany czas trwania. Zaawansowane badania w innych lokalizacjach wskazują, że w przypadku wyboru krótkich czasów trwania opadu uzyskuje się lepsze wyniki modelowania intensywności opadu, czego dowodem jest malejący z 12,963 do 8,26 średni błąd bezwzględny.
Źródło:
Journal of Water and Land Development; 2018, 38; 75-84
1429-7426
2083-4535
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Water and Land Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rainfall models in small catchments in the context of hydrologic and hydraulic assessment of watercourses
Modele opadów w małych zlewniach w aspekcie oceny hydrologiczno-hydraulicznej cieków
Autorzy:
Gruss, Łukasz
Wiatkowski, Mirosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/389742.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Chemii i Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
small lowland watercourse
rainfall intensity
small agricultural catchment
water retention
stochastic model
probabilistic model
precipitation model
mały ciek nizinny
natężenie deszczu
mała zlewnia rolnicza
retencja
model stochastyczny
model probabilistyczny
model opadów
Opis:
This paper presents a proposed application of methods for determining heavy rainfall in small ungauged agricultural catchments in lowland areas. Moreover, we discuss the methodology for a comprehensive hydrological and hydraulic analysis of the functioning of a small lowland watercourse. In order to properly (correctly) use the methods for determining heavy rainfall, a comprehensive workflow had to be created for the dimensioning of structures designed to evacuate rainfall water (i.e. drainage, irrigation and sewer systems), that could be used by designers and would account for the small water retention solutions. In the paper we propose methods for determining heavy rainfall that allow the management of rainfall water in small ungauged agricultural catchments in lowland areas. The calculations of the rainfall intensity with assumed duration times are proposed using three precipitation models: the Bogdanowicz and Stachy formula, the Lambor formula and the Woloszyn formula. The models of Lambor and Woloszyn are advantageous because they are local. On the other hand, the Bogdanowicz and Stachy formula is the recommended model for the dimensioning of structures intended to evacuate rainfall water; this formula makes use of the intensity of design storm in rural areas (p = 10 %). As an example of calculations, we present the initial rainfall intensity results and the values of runoff for a rainfall with the exceedance probability p = 10 % and the duration time 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes, for the micro-catchment of the watercourse R-4 located in the Dobrzen Wielki commune, south-west of Poland. In the calculations each of the three formulae was used, but the highest values were obtained for the Bogdanowicz and Stachy formula. An analysis of the runoff values for each duration time reveals that the longer the duration time of rainfall, the lower the rainfall intensity. The runoff of precipitation water from the catchment was determined using the European standard EN 752:2008. Moreover, in order to properly select and dimension the retention reservoir for precipitation water the authors used the ATV-A117 guidelines and a study about this standard. The proposed methodology for the determination of heavy rainfall in small ungauged agricultural catchments in lowland areas for the purpose of rainfall water management could be of interest in practical water management applications.
W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono propozycje zastosowania metod wyznaczania opadów nawalnych w małych niekontrolowanych zlewniach użytkowanych rolniczo, na terenach nizinnych. Ponadto w pracy przedstawiono metodykę wykonania kompleksowej analizy hydrologiczno-hydraulicznej funkcjonowania małego cieku nizinnego. Dla właściwego (poprawnego) stosowania metod wyznaczania opadów nawalnych konieczne było stworzenie kompleksowego schematu postępowania dla wymiarowania urządzeń odprowadzaj ących wody opadowe, tj. systemów melioracyjnych i kanalizacyjnych, który może być stosowany przez projektantów uwzględniając zastosowanie rozwiązania małej retencji wodnej. W pracy zaproponowano metody wyznaczania opadów nawalnych umożliwiających zagospodarowanie wód opadowych w małych niekontrolowanych zlewniach nizinnych na terenach rolniczych. Zaproponowano obliczenia natężenia deszczy przy założonych czasach ich trwania przy zastosowaniu 3 modeli opadów: wg Bogdanowicza i Stachego, Lambora oraz Wołoszyna. Zaletą stosowania modeli Lambora i Wołoszyna jest fakt, że są modelami lokalnymi. Natomiast zalecanym modelem w wymiarowaniu urządzeń odprowadzających wody opadowe, który wykorzystuje natężenie deszczu miarodajnego na terenach wiejskich (p = 10 %) jest model Bogdanowicza i Stachego. Jako przykład obliczeń przedstawiono wstępne wyniki natężenia deszczu i wartości odpływów dla deszczu o prawdopodobieństwie przewyższenia p = 10% i czasie trwania 15, 30, 60,120 minut dla mikrozlewni cieku R-4 zlokalizowanej w południowo – zachodniej Polsce w Gminie Dobrzeń Wielki. W obliczeniach zastosowano wszystkie wymienione modele, jednak najwyższe wartości uzyskano modelem Bogdanowicza i Stachego. Analiza wartości odpływów wskazuje, że im czas trwania deszczu jest dłuższy, tym mniejsze jest jego natężenie. Ustalono wartości odpływu wód opadowych ze zlewni przy zastosowaniu normy europejskiej EN 752:2008. Ponadto dla właściwego doboru i wymiarowania zbiornika do retencji wód opadowych autorzy zastosowali wytyczne normy ATV-A117 oraz opracowania poświęcone tej normie Zaproponowana w niniejszej pracy metodologia wyznaczania opadów nawalnych w małych niekontrolowanych zlewniach użytkowanych rolniczo, na terenach nizinnych, na potrzeby zagospodarowania wód opadowych, stanowi interesującą propozycję do wykorzystania w praktyce gospodarki wodnej.
Źródło:
Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A; 2018, 25, 1; 19-27
1898-6188
2084-4530
Pojawia się w:
Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Laboratory determination of potential interception of young deciduous trees during low-intense precipitation
Autorzy:
Klamerus-Iwan, A.
Sporysz, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/38420.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Tematy:
deciduous tree
rainfall
intensity
simulated rainfall
potential interception
raindrop size
Fagus sylvatica
Quercus robur
laboratory determination
precipitation
Opis:
The research issue focuses on potential interception, which is the maximum amount of water that can be stored on plant surface. Tests under controlled conditions remain the best way to enhance knowledge on interception determinants in forest communities. Such tests can provide data for identification of mathematical models based on ecological criteria. The study presented in this paper concerned tree interception under simulated rain in a range from 2 to 11 mm/h. To perform the experiment a set of sprinklers was designed and built. The study included two deciduous species: beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and oak (Quercus robur L.). Descriptive characteristic and nonlinear estimation were suggested for the obtained data. Interdependence of potential interception, the intensity of rain and the size of raindrops were described using exponential equation. The intensity and drop size of simulated rainfall significantly influence the obtained values of potential interception. Data analysis shows a decrease of interception value with an increase of intensity of simulated rainfall for both analysed species. Every run of the experiment that differed in the intensity and size of raindrops reached an individual level of potential interception and time needed to realize it. The formation of ability of plants to intercept water depends both on the dynamics and the time of spraying.
Źródło:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry; 2014, 56, 1
0071-6677
Pojawia się w:
Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
TDR technique for estimating the intensity of effective non rainfall
Autorzy:
Janik, G
Skierucha, W.
Blas, M.
Sobik, M.
Albert, M.
Dubicki, M.
Zawada, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/26139.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
Tematy:
time domain reflectometry technique
time-domain reflectometer zob.TDR technique
intensity
non-rainfall water flux
water infiltration
soil
Opis:
The objective of this paper is to present a method for determining diurnal distribution of the intensity of effective non rainfall water flux. It was found that the application of TDR technique for the determination of diurnal dynamics of effective non rainfall water flux requires temperature correction of sensed volumetric moisture contents. Without temperature correction the error of estimated non rainfall water flux can be as much as 26%. In addition, the effect of temperature changes on the soil surface was determined in 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hours periods. It was found that the intensity of effective non rainfall water flux was determined to the greatest extent by the rate of temperature drop during the period of 3 h preceding the non rainfall water flux determination. The agreement of non rainfall water flux calculated with the method proposed and that obtained by the collector was better for dew than for hoarfrost periods.
Źródło:
International Agrophysics; 2014, 28, 1
0236-8722
Pojawia się w:
International Agrophysics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Criteria for identifying maximum rainfall determined by the peaks-over-threshold (POT) method under the Polish Atlas of Rainfall Intensities (PANDa) project
Autorzy:
Burszta-Adamiak, Ewa
Licznar, Paweł
Zaleski, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/108607.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Instytut Meteorologii i Gospodarki Wodnej - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
rainfall model
Intensity-Duration-Frequency
IDF
Depth-Duration-Frequency
DDF
extreme value theory
EVT
Opis:
Determination of rainfall maxima from long-term series is one of the more important tasks in urban hydrology. These maxima are useful both in designing land drainage systems and for flood protection in a catchment. The identification of rainfall maxima for the hierarchy of rainfall durations from 5 min to 4 320 min is a fundamental stage of the creation of the first version of the Polish Atlas of Rainfall Intensities (PANDa), which will ultimately be a source of updated and reliable information on design rainfall intensities for designing and modeling rainwater drainage and retention systems in Poland. One of the methods for identifying extreme rainfall events is to use criteria for selecting rainfall based on their depth for a given rainfall frequency and duration. Existing national experience in this respect is based on the results of analyses usually conducted with regard to records from single weather stations. This article presents the results of a study designed to verify the usefulness of the literature-based criteria for identifying rainfall maxima using the peaks-over-threshold (POT) method at a much broader nationwide scale. The study analyzed data from a previously created digital database of rainfall series, which includes 3 000 stationyears (consisting of a 30-year measurement series from 100 weather stations of the Institute of Meteorology and the Water Management - National Research Institute (IMGW-PIB). The study results show that as far as the investigated measurement series are concerned, the criteria based on the literature sources have limited application and can only be used for identifying the largest short-duration rainfall events. To determine rainfall maxima for all of the time intervals analyzed (from 5 minutes to 3 days), it was necessary to develop our own criteria that would allow the methodology for identifying extreme rainfall events to be standardized for all 100 stations.
Źródło:
Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications; 2019, 7, 1; 3-13
2299-3835
2353-5652
Pojawia się w:
Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 17

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