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    Wyświetlanie 1-11 z 11
    Tytuł:
    Causes of periodical rainfall distribution and long-term forecast of precipitation for Lankaran, Azerbaijan
    Autorzy:
    Mammadov, A.
    Rajabov, R.
    Casanova, N.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/108455.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Meteorologii i Gospodarki Wodnej - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    rainfall distribution
    synoptic processes
    atmospheric forces
    harmonic analysis
    baric gradient
    opady
    rozkład opadów
    prognoza długoterminowa
    Azerbejdżan
    Opis:
    Irregular rainfall distribution is receiving considerable attention. The amount of rainfall for one region can account for 500-600 mm, sometimes 1000 mm. For example, in the year 1985, Zagtala in Azerbaijan received 716 mm of rainfall, while in 1988, 2004 and 2008 - 1151, 1306 and 661 mm, respectively, were measured. In Lankaran 2061 mm were measured in 1982 and 470 mm in 1999. Generally, rainfall distribution differs across the Republic of Azerbaijan. In this study, the physical side of such variations was clarified. In relation to that, the movement speed of the atmosphere in regard of the rotation of the Earth was analyzed, showing that the difference in rainfall distribution, according to the time structure, is connected to the direction change of the atmospheric movement. Generally, the reasons for atmospheric movements cannot be identified as the rotation movement of the earth, mainly because both environments show different activities. While the processes happening in the atmosphere often change, influenced by the pressure gradient, the rotation movement of the earth is more stationary. We also evaluated the rainfall forecast method for the region Lankaran. Taking into account its simplicity, the Shuster method was used. Observation data was divided into stationary and casual elements. Selection of periodicals was determined by separation of long term meteorological data into harmonic functions. By accepting the variation, the coefficient casual item was added.
    Źródło:
    Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications; 2018, 6, 2; 39-43
    2299-3835
    2353-5652
    Pojawia się w:
    Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Spatial Distribution of Rainfall with Elevation in Satluj River Basin: 1986-2010, Himachal Pradesh, India
    Autorzy:
    Kumar, Sandeep
    Gil, G. S.
    Santosh, Santosh
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1193947.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
    Tematy:
    DEM
    GIS
    Himalayas
    Interpolation
    Orographic effect
    Precipitation
    Satluj River Basin
    Opis:
    The complex relationship between topography and precipitation in mountainous regions such as Himalayas is evident from the pattern of rainfall distribution. The variation in precipitation with altitude is controlled by mean height of clouds and decrease in water vapours with altitude. Spatially distributed measurements of precipitation have gained renewed interest in connection with climate change impact studies. Precipitation values are usually available from a limited number of gauge stations and their spatial estimates can be obtained by interpolation techniques such as Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW), Kriging and Spline. In the present study, precipitation-elevation relationship can be established using Digital Elevation Model (DEM) (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer-ASTER, 30m resolution), Spline interpolation technique in Geographical Information System (GIS) environment and point data from various gauge stations spread over the Satluj River Basin. Changes of spatial distribution of precipitation with elevation show a distinct shift. Bhakra Dam (5854.60 mm) to Rampur (4451.10 mm), there is continuous variation in rainfall with increase in altitude. But beyond Rampur, variation is very high. Swarghat shows exceptional rainfall (8031.76 mm), may be due to position of mountains and their orographic effects. Maximum rainfall was observed in the lower Himalayas i.e. Shiwalik range. Negligible rainfall was observed beyond Kaza (470 mm), above the elevation of around 3756 m. The general trend of rainfall exhibits that the lower and middle parts experience good rainfall whereas the upper part experiences less rainfall. Such spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall with elevation provides an important platform for hydrologic analysis, planning and management of water resources.
    Źródło:
    World Scientific News; 2015, 19; 1-15
    2392-2192
    Pojawia się w:
    World Scientific News
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Land-use Assessment and its Influence on Spatial Distribution of Rainfall Erosivity: Case Study of Cameron Highlands Malaysia
    Autorzy:
    Ul Mustafa, Muhammad Raza
    Sholagberu, Abdulkadir Taofeeq
    Syazwan, Muhammad Asyraf
    Yusof, Khamaruzaman Wan
    Hashim, Ahmad Mustafa
    Abdurrasheed, Abdurrasheed S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/124485.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
    Tematy:
    land-use
    land cover
    erosivity
    Cameron Highlands
    GIS
    Opis:
    Over the years, Cameron Highlands have witnessed extensive land-use and land-cover (LULC) changes due to the massive agricultural and urbanization activities. This significantly contributed to the erosion problems in the area. Rainfall erosivity that measures the aggressiveness of raindrop in triggering soil erosion is one of its major components that could be influenced by the LULC changes in watersheds. However, the research relating to the LULC changes with the erosivity especially in the complex landscape is scarce. Hence, this study applies geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing techniques to assess the LULC changes and their influence on the rainfall erosivity distribution in mountainous watershed of Cameron Highlands. Four Landsat images and the rainfall data from the period of thirty years were analysed for the development of LULC and erosivity maps respectively in ArcGIS environment. The study showed that the study area experienced immense land-use changes especially in agriculture and urbanization which affected the erosivity distribution. The LULC change for agriculture increased linearly in the last 30 years from 7.9% in 1986 to almost 16.4% in 2016. The results showed that urban development increased from 5.1% in 1986 to 11.4% in 2016. The increasing urbanization trend was targeted to meet up with tourism requirement in Cameron Highlands. However, forest class declined tremendously due to the exploration of land for agriculture practice and other various types of development. Watershed managers and other stakeholders should find this study beneficial in tackling erosion and its associated ecological challenges.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2019, 20, 2; 183-190
    2299-8993
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Estimation of standard duration maximum rainfall by using regression models
    Autorzy:
    Yerdelen, Cahit
    Asikoglu, Ömer Levend
    Abdelkader, Mohamed
    Eris, Ebru
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1841938.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
    Tematy:
    Eastern Black Sea Region
    Marmara Region
    regression model
    standard duration maximum rainfall
    temporal distribution of maximum daily rainfall
    Opis:
    Gauging stations of meteorological networks generally record rainfall on a daily basis. However, sub-daily rainfall observations are required for modelling flood control structures, or urban drainage systems. In this respect, determination of temporal distribution of daily rainfall, and estimation of standard duration of rainfall are significant in hydrological studies. Although sub-daily rainfall gauges are present at meteorological networks, especially in the developing countries, their number is very low compared to the gauges that record daily rainfall. This study aims at developing a method for estimating temporal distribution of maximum daily rainfall, and hence for generating maximum rainfall envelope curves. For this purpose, the standard duration of rainfall was examined. Among various regression methods, it was determined that the temporal distribution of 24-hour rainfall successfully fits the logarithmic model. The logarithmic model’s regression coefficients (named a and b) were then linked to the geographic and meteorological characteristics of the gauging stations. The developed model was applied to 47 stations located at two distinct geographical regions: the Marmara Sea Region and Eastern Black Sea Region, Turkey. Various statistical criteria were used to test the method's accuracy, and the proposed model provided successful results. For instance, the RMSE values of the regression coefficients a and b in Marmara Regions are 0.004 and 0.027. On the other hand, RMSE values are 0.007 and 0.02 for Eastern Black Sea Region.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Water and Land Development; 2021, 50; 281-288
    1429-7426
    2083-4535
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Water and Land Development
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Maximum daily rainfall analysis at selected meteorological stations in the upper Lusatian Neisse River basin
    Autorzy:
    Wdowikowski, M.
    Kaźmierczak, B.
    Ledvinka, O.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/108530.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Meteorologii i Gospodarki Wodnej - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    trend analysis
    Mann-Kendall test
    meteorological data
    maximum rainfall
    GED
    Lusatian Neisse
    IMWM-NRI
    probabilistic distribution
    Opis:
    The scope of this study was to assess the usefulness of top probability distributions to describe maximum rainfall data in the Lusatian Neisse River basin, based on eight IMWM-NRI meteorological stations. The research material was composed of 50-year precipitation series of daily totals from 1961 to 2010. Misssing measurement data were estimated using a weighted average method. Homogeneity for refilled data were investigated by precipitation double aggregation curve. Correlation between the measurement data varied from 96 to 99% and did not indicate a violation of the homogeneity of rainfall data series. Variability of recorded daily precipitation maxima were studied by linear regression and non-parametric Mann-Kendall tests. Long-term period changes at maximum rainfalls for four stations remained statistically insignificant, and for the other four were significant, although the structure of maximums was relatively similar. To describe the measured data, there were used the Fréchet, Gamma, Generalized Exponential Distribution (GED), Gumbel, Log-normal and Weibull distributions. Particular distribution parameters were estimated using the maximum likelihood method. The conformity of the analyzed theoretical distributions with measured data was inspected using the Schwarz Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and also by the relative residual mean square error (RRMSE). Among others, the Gamma, GED, and Weibull distributions fulfilled the compliance criterion for each meteorological station respectively. The BIC criterion indicated GED as the best; however differences were minor between GED on the one hand and the Gamma and Weibull distributions on the other. After conducting the RRMSE analysis it was found that, in comparison to the other distributions, GED best describes the measured maximum rainfall data.
    Źródło:
    Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications; 2016, 4, 1; 53-63
    2299-3835
    2353-5652
    Pojawia się w:
    Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Testing the annual rainfall dispersion in Chaiyaphum, Thailand, by using confidence intervals for the coefficient of variation of an inverse gamma distribution
    Autorzy:
    Panichkitkosolkul, Wararit
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/19892780.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023-09-08
    Wydawca:
    Główny Urząd Statystyczny
    Tematy:
    statistical test
    measure of dispersion
    continuous distribution
    simulation
    meteorology
    Opis:
    In Thailand, droughts are regular natural disasters that happen nearly every year due to several factors such as precipitation deficiency, human activity, and the global warming. Since annual rainfall amount fits an inverse gamma (IG) distribution, we wanted to try testing annual rainfall dispersion via the coefficient of variation (CV). Herein, we propose two statistics for testing the CV of an IG distribution based on the Score and Wald methods. We evaluated their performances by means of the Monte Carlo simulations conducted under several shape parameter values for an IG distribution based on empirical type I error rates and powers of the tests. The simulation results reveal that the Wald-method test statistic performed better than the Score-method one in terms of the attained nominal significance level, and is thus recommended for analysis in similar scenarios. Furthermore, the efficacy of the proposed test statistics was illustrated by applying them to the annual rainfall amounts in Chaiyaphum, Thailand.
    Źródło:
    Statistics in Transition new series; 2023, 24, 4; 109-122
    1234-7655
    Pojawia się w:
    Statistics in Transition new series
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analysis of distribution of precipitation duration and amounts in Legnica in the period of 1966–2015
    Analiza rozkładów długości trwania i wielkości opadów w Legnicy w latach 1966–2015
    Autorzy:
    Jakubczyk, Teresa
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/293381.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
    Tematy:
    analysis of distributions
    Mann–Kendall test
    precipitation
    rainfall conditions
    rainfall variability
    analiza rozkładów
    opady
    test Manna-Kendalla
    warunki opadowe
    zmienność opadów
    Opis:
    The paper presents the results of analysis of duration of precipitation sequences and the amounts of precipitation in individual sequences in Legnica. The study was aimed at an analysis of potential trends and regularities in atmospheric precipitations over the period of 1966–2015. On their basis a prediction attempt was made for trends in subsequent years. The analysis was made by fitting data to suitable distributions – the Weibull distribution for diurnal sums in sequences and the Pascal distribution for sequence durations, and then by analysing the variation of the particular indices such the mean value, variance and quartiles. The analysis was performed for five six-week periods in a year, from spring to late autumn, analysed in consecutive five-year periods. The trends of the analysed indices, observed over the fifty-year period, are not statistically significant, which indicates stability of precipitation conditions over the last half-century.
    W pracy przedstawiono wyniki analiz rozkładów długości trwania sekwencji opadowych oraz wielkości opadów w poszczególnych sekwencjach w Legnicy. Badania miały na celu przeprowadzenie analizy ewentualnych tendencji i regularności w opadach atmosferycznych w okresie 1966–2015. Na ich podstawie podjęto próbę predykcji dla tendencji w kolejnych latach. Analizę wykonano przez dopasowanie do danych odpowiednich rozkładów – rozkładu Weibulla do sum dobowych w sekwencjach oraz rozkładu Pascala do długości sekwencji, a następnie przez zbadanie zmienności poszczególnych wskaźników, takich jak średnia, wariancja i kwartyle. Analiza została przeprowadzona w odniesieniu do pięciu sześciotygodniowych okresów w ciągu roku od wczesnej wiosny do późnej jesieni, rozpatrywanych w kolejnych pięcioleciach. Tendencje badanych wskaźników zaobserwowane na przestrzeni pięćdziesięciolecia nie są istotne statystycznie, co świadczy o stabilności zjawiska opadów w ostatnim pięćdziesięcioleciu.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Water and Land Development; 2019, 41; 69-76
    1429-7426
    2083-4535
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Water and Land Development
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Regional Distribution of Malaria in Ekiti State, Nigeria
    Autorzy:
    Salau, Opeyemi R.
    Ewumi, Taofeek
    Owolabi, Bunmi E.
    Ajayi, Gabriel O.
    Ajayi, Oluwaseun E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1192596.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
    Tematy:
    Malaria
    Mosquito
    Rainfall
    Temperature
    Ekiti State
    Ado – Ekiti
    Population
    Plasmodium
    Opis:
    The impacts of fluctuations in weather and climate on malaria prevalence under a future climate change have been an issue of major interest because the disease is a public health problem. Thus, this study investigates the impacts of rainfall on the regional variations of malaria in Ekiti State, Nigeria using 2001-2011 data. The data are for the Central, Eastern, Northern, Western and Southern parts of Ekiti State which are represented by Ado, Ekiti East, Oye, Ekiti South West and Ijero LGAs respectively based on the available data. The results indicate that the total infections over the study period in Ado, Ekiti East, Oye, Ekiti South West and Ijero LGAs are 207033, 67890, 80827, 55986 and 87521 cases respectively. The malaria disease is most rampant among the youths in all the LGAs while the observed cases within the female populations are also slightly higher than the mean infections in the male group. Similarly, an increase in rainfall intensity will lead to corresponding rise in the malaria cases while the spread of the disease seems to also depend on population distribution with the highest seen in the highly populated Ado LGA and among the youths that has the most population in the age groups. However, the disease could be reduced through improved personal hygiene, good drainage system, sleeping under insecticide treated mosquito nets, spraying of insecticides and access to good and affordable medical services. These findings might be used in establishing good immunization system for the vulnerable children and other age groups so as to curb the spread of the disease.
    Źródło:
    World Scientific News; 2016, 55; 89-100
    2392-2192
    Pojawia się w:
    World Scientific News
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Generation of Rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency curves for the Barak River Basin
    Autorzy:
    Basumatary, V.
    Sil, B. S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/108572.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Meteorologii i Gospodarki Wodnej - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    rzeka Barak
    projektowanie
    burza
    krzywa IDF
    mapa
    rozkład prawdopodobieństwa
    Barak River
    design storm
    IDF curve
    isopluvial map
    probability distribution
    Thiessen Polygon
    Opis:
    Analysis of a design storm, explained as the expected rainfall intensity for a given storm duration and return period is carried out to establish Rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) relationships. The IDF relationships are essential for the designing of hydraulic structures for future planning and management. The intent was to determine IDF relationship for the Barak River Basin in India. This region receives heavy rainfall but lacks potential in harnessing the available water resources. Rain gauge stations are not so frequent in this region. Under this condition, the engineers are bound to use IDF relationships. Using the 24-hour annual maximum rainfall and disaggregated hourly maximum rainfall as a measure of rainfall intensity for each station, IDF curves and isopluvial maps of rainfall intensities of 30-minute to 24-hour durations were generated. Analysis was done using the best fit amongst the Gumbel, Log Pearson Type III and Lognormal probability distribution functions. The goodness-of-fit tests indicated the Log Pearson Type III distribution was a suitable distribution for the area. After developing IDF curves for each station, an average IDF curve was developed using the Thiessen Polygon method in ArcGIS. The IDF relationship developed can be used as valuable information for the planning and management of hydraulic structures in the region.
    Źródło:
    Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications; 2018, 6, 1; 47-57
    2299-3835
    2353-5652
    Pojawia się w:
    Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Preliminary studies on the spatial distribution of artificial 137Cs and natural gamma radionuclides in the region of the Ojców National Park, Poland
    Autorzy:
    Stobiński, M.
    Jędrzejek, F.
    Kubica, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148352.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    137Cs
    gamma spectrometry
    natural radioactivity
    soil
    rainfall
    organic content
    Opis:
    The aim of the research is to obtain preliminary information about the spatial distribution of gamma radionuclides in the soils taken from the Ojców National Park with emphasis on the behaviour of artificial radionuclides, with 137Cs as a representative. The natural radionuclides 40K, 226Ra (uranium series), and 228Th (thorium series), which are considered as background radiation, were also determined. In total, 18 soil samples were collected during the summer periods in 2015–2017, while the sampling points were selected with respect to differences in rainfall and local topography gradient. The method was based on gamma-ray spectrometry performed on high-purity germanium (HPGe) gamma detector (relative efficiency 34%). 137Cs was mostly deposited in the top soil layers, with activity in the range of 27.9÷586.6 Bq•kg–1. We found strong positive correlation of the 137Cs activity with the soil organic matter content, and at the same time, its dependence on the rainfall amount. Consequently, the soil types and local climate can control the spatial distribution of 137Cs on a small spatial scale. The quantity of natural radionuclides was highly similar in all samples with the following mean values: 38.0 Bq•kg–1 for 228Th, 33.1 Bq•kg–1 for 226Ra, and 479.9 Bq•kg–1 for 40K.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2018, 63, 4; 105-111
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Daily water demand variations in the Bialystok water distribution system in light of chosen economic and environmental conditions
    Autorzy:
    Kolendo, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/96587.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Fundacja Ekonomistów Środowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych
    Tematy:
    water demand irregularity
    daily water use
    air temperature
    rainfall
    water price
    nieregularność popytu na wodę
    codzienne zużycie wody
    temperatura powietrza
    opad deszczu
    cena wody
    Opis:
    The study presents the analysis of water consumption in Bialystok in north-eastern Poland in the years 2007–2013. It has been shown in the study that demand for water during a week is varying and it fluctuates. A detailed analysis of water consumption on individual days of the week and public holidays is presented. Individual consumption per capita and daily water consumption irregularity coefficients were estimated. In the analysed period, the highest average daily water demand was recorded on Saturdays (43,129 m3 ), and the lowest on Sundays (37,712 m3 ). Moreover, the impact of economic and environmental factors on the process under study has been characterized in the study. In Bialystok, the price of water increased by 42% in the years 2007-2013, with the inflation rate in the country at 119.2% in those years. It is also presented the influence of maximum daily temperature and precipitation sum on daily water consumption on working days and Saturdays, as well as separately, on Sundays and public holidays.
    Źródło:
    Ekonomia i Środowisko; 2018, 2; 168-179
    0867-8898
    Pojawia się w:
    Ekonomia i Środowisko
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-11 z 11

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