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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 506
Tytuł:
The Prospects of the Grand Coalition in Germany
Autorzy:
Nassmacher, Hiltrud
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2026740.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Germany
grand coalition
politics
Opis:
The pressure for reforms is similar in all established democracies, including Germany. This is true for all policies. Lower income caused by economic development and ageing societies is a burden on all budgets. ! is increases the pressure on political actors to speed up the decision-making process. In 2005 the grand coalition of CDU/CSU and SPD was welcomed by the German people. Many commentators assumed that the political deadlock would be overcome by the government of the two major parties. Because the second chamber (Bundesrat) is the major veto-player in the German federal system, the current CDU/CSU majority in the Bundesrat was a high hurdle for the former red-green government (1998 to 2005), as until 2006 about 80 percent of all laws had to pass the second chamber. This led to early elections. People hope that the grand coalition under Chancellor Angela Merkel will overcome this restriction, which the SPD-led government could not evade.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2006, 35; 65-83
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
“Metropolregionen” in Germany: The Enforcement of Global City-Regions
Autorzy:
Eckardt, Frank
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1035975.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych
Tematy:
Regions
Metropolitan governance
Germany
Opis:
Under the conditions of globalisation, economic success has been related in politics and theoretical debate to the strength of regions. The concept of the region has therefore also been strengthened in Germany. Within the architecture of a historically grown political landscape, the implementation of the new forms of so-called metropolitan governance, however, has had limited effects. While the limits of “new regionalism” in Germany – by the federal organisation of political geography – are evident, the very idea of regional governance is also to be challenged. Therefore, the article discusses whether the introduction of “Metropolitan regions” can be regarded in the light of the international research on global city-regions.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development; 2015, 19, 4; 5-8
0867-6046
2084-6118
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
EUROPEAN UNION AND EUROPEAN GERMANY
Autorzy:
Czarny, Elżbieta
Menkes, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/489105.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
European Union
Germany
euro zone
German unification
Opis:
We analyze the correlation between the European integration and incorporating Germany into the process of European cooperation. We point out that the European integration after WWII was determined by the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community in the year 1951. This Community made it possible to control the steel industry of the Member States (among them Germany) within the framework of the common market. It was aimed at stable and harmonized development, as well as at preventing an uncontrolled growth of military-industrial complex, increasing the production for the army and decreasing the probability of the outbreak of the next war. Then - after the deepening of cooperation (taking her new areas) – the European Communities (EC) were created. They are still institutional foundations of the EU. One of the main reasons of the EC creation was the willingness to ensure lasting peace in Europe and to create „security community” through a.o. incorporation of Germany into the group of cooperating states. In this paper, we analyze the security system components created (e.g.) by the EC/EU, as well as the origin and changes of their characteristics. We compare the process of German unification (and more general: of defining the German unity, and broader: unity of the German speaking territory) after WWI and WWII. The analysis of similarities and differences leads us to the present stage of the European integration, when the unification of two German states was accomplished for the price of German acceptance of deepening of the integration and the creation of the European monetary union. We analyze various consequences of unification of Germany and the creation of the euro zone. In our opinion, they go far beyond the economic or political ones, and are connected with the EU Eastern enlargement.
Źródło:
Oeconomia Copernicana; 2015, 6, 4; 7-27
2083-1277
Pojawia się w:
Oeconomia Copernicana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Migration-specific trends, challenges and perspektives for education in Germany
Autorzy:
Metz, Marina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16538892.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Komitet Nauk Pedagogicznych PAN
Tematy:
migration trends
education in Germany
Opis:
This article reflects some trends and challenges in Germany in connection to immigration. The need of educational and scientific discussion and reflection of migration-specific themes are dictated by the contemporary reality requirements of almost all European countries. Change in society, associated primarily with the processes of immigration, affects the processes and systems of goal-countries, especially the education system.
Źródło:
Rocznik Pedagogiczny; 2016, 39; 105-112
0137-9585
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Pedagogiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Small towns in peripheral regions of Germany
Autorzy:
Kühn, Manfred
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/471567.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Tematy:
Germany
local politics
peripheral location
peripheralisation
small towns
Opis:
The paper summarizes the main findings of a study on small towns in peripheral locations in Germany. In its first part, the results of the data analysis are presented and the spatial distribution of shrinking and growing small towns in Germany is described. The majority of them in peripheral areas are currently shrinking, which includes an assemblage of demographic, economic, infrastructural and fiscal problems, leading to a danger of a negative downward spiral. The second part deals with specific challenges and problems of the shrinking towns. In qualitative case studies, main disadvantages of peripheral location and peripheralisation processes of four selected towns are outlined, which narrow the scope of action for local politics. Part 3 provides a short analysis of the main strategies of those four towns coping with peripheralisation. In the last part, an outlook is given in a more general matter, which shows possibilities to turn the ascribed deficits of peripherality into strengths.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica; 2015, 8 Small Towns’ Development Problems; 29-38
2084-5456
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Germany and the Common Security and Defense Policy
Autorzy:
Dahl, Martin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/557970.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Germany
European Union
Common Security
Defense Policy
Opis:
In the face of changes taking place in the global order and challenges in the immediate vicinity of the European Union, the member states are forced to redefine their own security priorities. The directions of the desired changes in the EU Common Security and Defense Policy have been the subject of numerous discussions and analyses. One of the key countries that have a significant impact on the architecture of European security is Germany. That is why the main goal of the article is to answer the question about the role and importance of Germany in shaping the European Union’s security policy. The main conclusion resulting from the conducted analysis is the following: in the field of security policy, Germany’s attitude is characterized by high ambivalence between the implementation of foreign policy goals by means of the so-called soft instruments and the necessity and inevitability of increasing its own military involvement. The resolution of this dilemma is fundamental to the future architecture of the Common Security and Defense Policy.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2018, 4; 85-96
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Trap of Transnationalism-Polish Organizations in Germany
Autorzy:
Nowosielski, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929908.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-09-27
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
migration
immigrant organizations
transnationalism
Poles in Germany
Opis:
Often in themigration literature transnational relations ofmigrants and their institutions with the sending country are described as important factor strengthening or improving the situation of the migrants in the receiving country. The aim of the paper is to empirically prove that in some of the cases the set of multiple conditions affecting immigrant organizations may have the opposite effect. The example of Polish organizations in Germany shows that transnationalization may have as a consequence the limiting, and the degradation of immigrant organizations standing. The four analyzed factors determining the situation of Polish immigrant associational in Germany: the characteristics of immigrant group, the policy of the receiving country towards immigration and IOs, the diaspora policy of the sending country, as well as the bilateral relations between the sending and receiving country together constitute a combination that has a strong negative effect on the functioning of Polish organizations. This all produces an impression of falling into the “trap of transnationalism.”
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2011, 175, 3; 315-332
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluation of the handling of church tax under income tax law in Germany
Autorzy:
Blankenberg, Mike
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2049781.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
tax
church tax
law
Germany
Opis:
Current demographic conditions and foreseeable future developments are forcing Germany’s two major Christian churches to develop innovative strategies to recruit members or retain them over the long term. Already today, less than 50 percent of 6- to 18-year-olds are Protestant or Catholic. According to forecasts, this figure will halve by 2060. The aim of this paper is to show that the German system of church tax is being applied properly from a fiscal point of view, but should be re-evaluated in light of demographic and societal challenges.
Źródło:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne; 2021, 2(41); 123-131
1898-8431
Pojawia się w:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
TURKISH IMMIGRANTS’ WORK VALUES IN GERMANY
Autorzy:
Öztürk, Engin Bağış
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/450546.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
Tematy:
Turkish immigrants
Work values
Germany
Turkey
Crosscultural management
Turkish work mentality
Opis:
The purpose of the study is to examine the degree of convergence or divergence of Turkish immigrants’ work values in Germany when compared to Turks’ and Germans’ work values. The importance of Turkish immigrants has increased owing to awareness of different value structures and the negligence of transitional groups in cross-cultural studies. Based on these justifications, the study conducts a value analysis on Turks, Germans and Turkish immigrants. While Turkish immigrants converge with Germans on competitiveness, skepticism, and collaboration values, they diverge from both Turks’ and Germans’ values on the basis of favoritism, intuitiveness, modesty, and contentedness. Thus, it is understood that Turkish immigrants have different values from Turks and Germans.
Źródło:
International Journal of Emerging and Transition Economies (IJETE); 2013, 6, 1-2; 23-44
1308-2701
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Emerging and Transition Economies (IJETE)
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Germany’s Arctic Policy – Between Economy and Ecology
Niemiecka polityka arktyczna – pomiędzy ekonomią a ekologią
Autorzy:
Grzela, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1953200.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Arctic
Germany
Arctic policy
Opis:
In the last years, as a result of climate changes, plenty of transformations have taken place in the High North. Consequently, ice cap of the Arctic is melting at a very fast pace, and that means significant rise of sea levels as well as decreasing animals’ habitats. On the other hand, disappearing Arctic ice is opening new areas of exploitation for humans. The Arctic might also soon become the world’s most important reservoir of clean water and food. The warming is leading to changes in ecosystems, arousing a number of enquiries about territorial division of the region, its preservation and utilisation. The changes taking place in the Arctic pose a challenge on many levels: economic, social, security, and environmental protection. First of all, economic (access to probably the biggest deposits of oil, gas and precious metals in the world) and ecological (environmental protection) interests are clashing there. The North Pole, although with varying intensity, is becoming present in foreign policies of many countries. On the Old Continent, it has been noticed by the whole European Union as well as particular countries. One of them is Germany. Germany is interested in the region from the economic and ecological perspective.
W ostatnich latach w wyniku zmian klimatycznych nastąpiło wiele zmian na dalekiej Północy. Pokrywa lodowa Arktyki topnieje w szybkim tempie, a to oznacza znaczny wzrost poziomu morza, a także zmniejszanie się przestrzeni życiowych zwierząt. Z drugiej strony znikający lód Arktyki otwiera nowe obszary eksploatacji dla ludzi. Arktyka może także stać się wkrótce największym na świecie zbiornikiem czystej wody i żywności. Ocieplenie prowadzi do zmian w ekosystemach, wzbudzając wiele pytań dotyczących podziału terytorialnego regionu, jego ochrony i wykorzystania. Zmiany zachodzące w Arktyce stanowią wyzwanie na wielu płaszczyznach: gospodarczej, społecznej, bezpieczeństwa i ochrony środowiska. Przede wszystkim liczą się interesy gospodarcze (dostęp do prawdopodobnie największych na świecie złóż ropy naftowej, gazu i metali szlachetnych) oraz ekologiczne (ochrona środowiska). Biegun Północny, choć z różną intensywnością, staje się obecny w polityce zagranicznej wielu państw. Na Starym Kontynencie dostrzega to zarówno Unia Europejska, jak i poszczególne kraje członkowskie. Jednym z nich są Niemcy. Kraj ten jest zainteresowany daleką Północą z ekonomicznej i ekologicznej perspektywy.
Źródło:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne; 2015, 48; 119-132
1505-2192
Pojawia się w:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Union for the Mediterranean in the policy of France and Germany
Autorzy:
Koszel, Bogdan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/625277.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
France
Germany
Union for the Mediterranean
European Union
Opis:
The Union for the Mediterranean, established in 2008 by France, was intended to strengthen French influence in the region. After Germany intervened, this exclusively French project was expanded to encompass the entire European Union, which provided financial support from the European Neighbourhood Policy. The immense political, economic and social problems facing the south of the Mediterranean prevented the Union for the Mediterranean from operating efficiently there. Under the circumstances of the crisis in the euro zone, and after the Arab revolutions, France and Germany intend to continue to support the democratisation process in the region and they have come up with numerous initiatives, especially in the field of energy, cross-cultural dialogue and educational projects. They also support measures to combat terrorism and curb illegal immigration into the European Union.
Źródło:
Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej; 2014, 8; 63-80
1899-6256
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Education as an Aspiration for Girls of Turkish Muslim Origin in Germany
Autorzy:
Güner, Pinar Burcu
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/781370.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Turkish origin girls
capabilities
education
aspiration
Germany
Opis:
In order to find the inequalities in the life of socially vulnerable Turkish origin girls; the present research conceptualized how ethnicity and migration background deprive or enhance capabilities (opportunities) of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th generation girls with a Turkish origin living in Germany. Data for research were collected in consultation with colleagues working in the field of youth and education in the Federal State of North Rheine Westphalia. The participants were girls between the ages of 13 and 21 years residing in North Rhine Westphalia`s (NRW) socio-economically vulnerable areas.
Źródło:
Ethics in Progress; 2018, 9, 2; 87-98
2084-9257
Pojawia się w:
Ethics in Progress
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The VAT complexity, a comparative analysis for Germany and Poland
Autorzy:
Stiller, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2128464.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
compliance costs
complexity
Germany
Polska
language analysis
legislation
tax
VAT
Opis:
Purpose – This article aims to examine the complexity of the value added tax (VAT) in Germany and Poland. Research method – This paper uses a quantitative analysis of the VAT Act and a selected amendment to this Act in Germany and Poland. I consider the German and Polish language versions of the VAT Directive and the Vouchers Directive as a benchmark for comparing VAT complexity. A comparison of a number of law amendments and compliance costs in both countries enhances the analysis. Results – The VAT complexity in Poland significantly exceeds the complexity of the German VAT system. This is true for all analysed aspects. In Poland, the compliance costs of VAT are significantly higher than in Germany. The Polish VAT law is amended more frequently and is much more comprehensive than its German counterpart. This can be only partially justified by special regulations to combat tax fraud. The high VAT complexity in Poland is also due to the complicated language and structure of the law. Although the German translation of the Vouchers Directive includes more words than the Polish version, the Polish legislator needs about twice as many words as their German counterpart for its implementation. Originality /value – Tax law is often criticised for its complexity. This study is the first to use the VAT Directive for a comparative study of the VAT complexity and reveals that the Polish legislator uses considerably more text for similar content than their German counterpart.
Źródło:
Optimum. Economic Studies; 2020, 3(101); 15-29
1506-7637
Pojawia się w:
Optimum. Economic Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Germany’s Role in a Multipolar World
Autorzy:
Haftendorn, Helga
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/441171.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Europejska im. ks. Józefa Tischnera
Tematy:
Germany
International role
Europe
War in Ukraine
Niemcy
rola międzynarodowa
Europa
wojna na Ukrainie
Opis:
The paper argues that Germany’s role in the world has changed significantly; it is now a country that tries to cope with its international responsibilities. This process of growing up started with the unification of Germany in 1989/1990 and was speeded up by the move of the capital to Berlin. Germany’s new self-reliance has been greatly helped by its flourishing economy. Currently, the Ukrainian War is the most dangerous crisis Germany has to struggle with. Its strategy has three facets: 1. strict solidarity with its European partners; 2. stark opposition to Russia, economic sanctions and efforts to strengthen NATO’s deterrent posture; 3. open censure of Russia’s annexation of the Crimean Peninsula and its support for the Separatists while keeping open diplomatic channels with Moscow. However, Merkel is no “Putin Whisperer”, she believes that for the foreseeable future there no longer any strategic relationship with Russia exists.
W artykule autorka stawia tezę, że międzynarodowa rola Niemiec mocno się zmieniła i że są one obecnie państwem, które przede wszystkim stara się wywiązywać ze swoich międzynarodowych obowiązków. Opisywany proces wzrostu Niemiec rozpoczął się wraz z ich zjednoczeniem w latach 1989/1990 i uległ przyspieszeniu po przeniesieniu stolicy do Berlina. Dużą rolę we wzmacnianiu pozycji i samodzielności Niemiec odegrała prężnie rozwijająca się gospodarka. Obecnie największym wyzwaniem, któremu Niemcy muszą stawić czoła, jest wojna na Ukrainie. Niemiecka strategia w obliczu tego niebezpiecznego konfliktu ma zasadniczo trzy główne wymiary: 1. solidarność z europejskimi partnerami; 2. całkowita opozycja wobec Rosji; 3. ostra krytyka aneksji Półwyspu Krymskiego przez Rosję i wsparcia udzielanego separatystom oraz jednoczesne utrzymanie kontaktów dyplomatycznych z Moskwą. Angela Merkel nie jest jednak „Zaklinaczem Putina” i uważa, że w najbliższej przyszłości Niemcy i Rosję nie będą łączyły żadne strategiczne relacje.
Źródło:
Kultura i Polityka; 2015, 17; 12-22
1899-4466
Pojawia się w:
Kultura i Polityka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
New beginnings? The refugee “crisis”, the “Other”, and Islamic religious education in Germany
Autorzy:
Droeber, Julia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/903443.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-08-25
Wydawca:
Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej. Wydawnictwo APS
Tematy:
refugee crisis
the other
Islam
Islamic education
Germany
Opis:
The recent influx of refugees has been in the headlines for more than a year in Germany. On a daily basis, new items about refugees, asylum policies, disasters, or xenophobia makes it into print, visual, or social media. Everybody has an opinion about this issue. In this essay, I record some of my own observations in this regard, as someone, who, in different ways, has been involved with refugees and “Others”. I am trying to make some sense of the discourses and actions that the so-called “refugee crisis” has produced. It has become evident that the discourse about the refugees is as much about the “Other” as it is about the “Self”. It is my argument that Germany is at a crossroads as a consequence of the arrival of relatively large numbers of refugees mainly from a Middle Eastern context – it can either lead to Germany closing in on itself, trying to exclude the “Other”, which in a globalized world would probably be a disadvantage; on the other hand, the “refugee crisis” has the potential of a new beginning, expanding on the already existing efforts to integrate “Others” into one’s own society. One example for such integration efforts would be the fairly recent introduction of Islamic Religious Education in state schools. The success or failure of this experiment can provide an indication of the willingness and ability of Germans to find constructive ways to integrate refugees into their communities.
Źródło:
Studies in Global Ethics and Global Education; 2016, 5; 93-107
2392-0890
Pojawia się w:
Studies in Global Ethics and Global Education
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 506

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