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    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    The characteristics of trafficking in human beings in Hungary and Romania
    Charakterystyka zjawiska handlu ludźmi na Węgrzech i w Rumunii
    Autorzy:
    Windt, Szandra
    Deres, Petronella
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1375551.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-06-15
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    trafficking in human beings
    Romania
    Hungary
    exploitation
    crime groups
    handel ludźmi
    Rumunia
    Węgry
    wykorzystywanie
    grupy przestępcze
    Opis:
    Hungary and Romania are both origin and transit countries for victims of human trafficking, considering the lack of work opportunities and the deep poverty in some parts of these countries. The TIP Report1 for 2019 lists both Hungary and Romania on the Tier 2 Watch List2 for different reasons. National and international organisations report an alarmingly high number of trafficking cases in both countries, while the number of trafficking investigations and the sentences for these crimes are low. Since 2010, the leadership of the two countries has tried to meet American and European expectations through various measures. New laws have been created in both Hungary and Romania, and there are numerous regulations that deal with victims of trafficking in human beings (hereinafter: THB). This desk research study, based on a comparison of Romania and Hungary, provides insights into the characteristics of THB in these countries.
    Hungary and Romania are both origin and transit countries for victims of human trafficking, considering the lack of work opportunities and the deep poverty in some parts of these countries. The TIP Report1 for 2019 lists both Hungary and Romania on the Tier 2 Watch List2 for different reasons. National and international organisations report an alarmingly high number of trafficking cases in both countries, while the number of trafficking investigations and the sentences for these crimes are low. Since 2010, the leadership of the two countries has tried to meet American and European expectations through various measures. New laws have been created in both Hungary and Romania, and there are numerous regulations that deal with victims of trafficking in human beings (hereinafter: THB). This desk research study, based on a comparison of Romania and Hungary, provides insights into the characteristics of THB in these countries.   Węgry i Rumunia są uznawane zarówno za kraje pochodzenia, jak i kraje tranzytu ofiar handlu ludźmi. Wynika to z braku możliwości podjęcia pracy i głębokiego ubóstwa panującego w niektórych częściach tych krajów. W raporcie “Trafficking in Persons” (the TIP Report) za 2019 r., wydawanym przez Biuro ds. Monitorowania i Zwalczania Handlu Ludźmi Departamentu Stanu USA, oba kraje zostały wymienione wśród państw, które – pomimo podejmownanych wysiłków – nie spełniają minimalnych standardów określonych w Trafficking Victims Protection Act. Różne krajowe i międzynarodowe organizacje informują o dramatycznie zwiększającej się liczbie przypadków handlu ludźmi w każdym z tych krajów, ale jednocześnie o niewielkiej liczbie prowadzonych postępowań karnych i skazań za to przestępstwo. Od 2010 r. rządy Węgier i Rumunii, wykorzystując różne instrumenty, starają się doprowadzić do implementacji amerykańskich i europejskich zaleceń. W każdym z tych krajów zostały wprowadzone nowe przepisy dotyczące postępowania z ofiarami handlu ludźmi. Analiza danych zastanych pozwoliła na charakterystykę i porównanie nowo przyjętych rozwiązań w obu państwach.
    Źródło:
    Archiwum Kryminologii; 2020, XLII/1; 139-161
    0066-6890
    2719-4280
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwum Kryminologii
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Police in fight against organised crime — problem identification
    Autorzy:
    ARAUCZ-BORUC, AGNIESZKA
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1798777.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-04-21
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
    Tematy:
    crime
    organised crime
    threats
    criminal groups
    police
    Opis:
    Organised crime, in view of its nature, is very dangerous, and its extensive structure not only in Poland, but all over the world causes a great threat to ordinary people. In Poland, the main service established to fight crime, including organised crime, is the police. The fight against organised crime (of an economic, drug, criminal, terrorism-related nature, including cross-border crime) is handled by the police organisational unit set up in 2000 - the Central Bureau of Investigation. The purpose of the article is to present the police as a competent service in the fi eld of recognising, combatting and preventing organised crime.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Policyjny; 2020, 140(4); 164-172
    0867-5708
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Policyjny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Organised crime and prostitution: ‘dubai-ing’ as a new concept of hungarian prostitution
    Autorzy:
    Kovacs, Istvan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929836.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-04-20
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
    Tematy:
    organised crime
    prostitution
    new concept of prostitution
    the Hungarian ‘dubai-ing’ phenomenon
    criminal groups
    Opis:
    The study deals with a brief history of organised crime in Hungary in the past and today. One of the biggest sources of revenue for organised crime is prostitution. Hundreds of victims are reported daily. In addition to this, a new strategic approach has emerged, linked to the upward management of organised crime. Prostitutes volunteer for work, the organised groups do not use violence, and illicit earnings are distributed among themselves on the basis of work done. The girls are transferred to rich countries where rich people can enjoy their services through a built-in agency system. Many girls are referred to Dubai, where the new form of Hungarian prostitution is thriving: the ‘dubai-ing’ phenomenon. The study presents, through a case study, the phenomenon of ‘dubai-ing’, and the activities of organised criminal groups. The method used is critical source analysis, basic historical research, as well as case and judgement/verdict analysis. This is not a classic analysis, but a criminal analysis of specifi c cases. The strategic aim is to collect data which can show the new profi le of organised crime in the 21st century.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Policyjny; 2019, 136(4); 94-108
    0867-5708
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Policyjny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Forms of and the fight against organised crime in Poland before 1990
    Autorzy:
    Mądrzejowski, Wiesław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1933030.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-01-21
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
    Tematy:
    organised crime
    criminal groups
    assault and robbery
    fi nancial fraud
    criminal police
    investigative service
    criminal law
    Opis:
    The phenomenon of organised crime in Poland is not, contrary to frequently expressed views, characteristic only of the situation that arose after 1990. Considering historical sources, one can refer to well-organised groups of criminals who committed crimes in medieval Poland. Criminal associations characterised by a certain hierarchy and structure threatened the safety of travellers, carried out attacks on villages and were a threat to urban residents. During the partitions, organised criminal structures occurred mainly in the Russian and Austrian partition. In judicial chronicles, there were perpetrators creating bandit groups and strong structures of pickpockets as well as those dealing with various types of economic fraud and extortion. The problem of organised crime intensified after regaining independence in 1918. The inconsistency of the legal system and weak institutions of public order protection created great opportunities for both criminal offences and economic crimes. From the 1920s, large expenditures on the development of modern economic areas (Gdynia, the Central Industrial District) became a temptation for well-organised groups to take advantage of the situation for their own benefit. Within the structures of law protection institutions, no specialised unit for fighting criminal groups was created until 1939. Central and local cells of the investigative service mainly dealt with organised gangs. After the Second World War, the shaping of the criminal environment was first influenced by huge groups of inhabitants displaced from the former Polish eastern borderlands, the general expansion caused by military operations, and ineffective law enforcement agencies. Thus, initially, the most powerful organised groups were those of criminal character. The separation of the Polish economy from open markets and economic imbalance caused the emergence of various organised crime gangs committing economic crimes ranging from smuggling and illegal trade in foreign exchange to large criminal groups at the interface between the socialised and private economy. Within the militia, which was responsible for combatting criminal offences until 1990, no units specialised in the fight against organised crime did not come into their own. As part of their competence, the criminal investigation department, in particular, the fraud squad and investigative service, dealt with organised crime.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Policyjny; 2019, 135(3); 97-112
    0867-5708
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Policyjny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Organised Crime in Poland — Statistical Picture Based on Reports of the Central Bureau of Investigation of the Police Selected Aspects
    Autorzy:
    PONIATOWSKI, PIOTR
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1798583.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-09-13
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
    Tematy:
    organised crime
    criminal groups
    Central Bureau of Investigation of the Police
    Opis:
    This article describes selected aspects of combating organised crime in Poland on the basis of reports of the Central Bureau of Investigation of the Police as a service carrying out tasks on the territory of the whole country in the fi eld of investigating, preventing and combating organised crime. The author refers to four issues: 1) the number and nature of the investigated criminal groups, 2) the number of members and leaders of the investigated criminal groups, 3) the investigation (elimination or destabilisation) of criminal groups, 4) criminal terror. This article aims to outline a statistical picture of organised crime in Poland. In particular, it attempts to capture any trends that characterise this type of crime. Appropriate recognition of the phenomenon may be very helpful in deciding on the directions of activities within the framework of preventing and combating organised crime.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Policyjny; 2021, 142(2); 247-266
    0867-5708
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Policyjny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Post-9/11 Transnational Threats in Colombia: The Risk to National and Regional Security and Stability
    Zagrożenia bezpieczeństwa w Kolumbii po zamachach na World Trade Center: ryzyko dla narodowego i regionalnego bezpieczeństwa i stabilności
    Autorzy:
    Buemberger, Raymond John
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1803801.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
    Tematy:
    przestępczość zorganizowana
    terroryzm
    partyzantka
    FARC
    organizacje kryminalne
    Kolumbia
    Transnational Crime Organizations
    transnational crime
    Communist Guerrillas
    Paramilitary Groups
    Opis:
    Kolumbia w okresie ostatnich pięćdziesięciu lat doświadczyła długiej i krwawej walki politycznej, w ramach tzw. pełzającej wojny domowej. W tym okresie komunistyczna partyzantka reprezentowana przez różne ugrupowania – Ruch 19 kwietnia (M-19), Narodowa Armia Wyzwolenia (ELN) czy wreszcie Rewolucyjne Siły Zbrojne Kolumbii (FARC), wielokrotnie próbowały obalić demokratycznie wybrany rząd, stosując brutalne metody walki, takie jak porwania dla okupu czy wymuszenia. Zamach terrorystyczny na Centrum Handlu Światowego we wrześniu 2001 roku był dodatkowym wzmocnieniem dla tych organizacji w ich krwawej walce z rządem. Autor charakteryzuje związane z atakiem na WTC konsekwencje dla bezpieczeństwa Kolumbii, wykorzystując dorobek Clausweitza czy Che Guevary. W zakończeniu wskazuje na współpracę regionalną w dziedzinie bezpieczeństwa jako jedną z metod walki z terroryzmem.
    Colombia has experienced a long and difficult political struggle for over 50 years. During this time, communist guerrillas such as the 19th April movement (M-19), the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), the National Liberation Army (ELN), and the Popular Liberation Army (EPL) have sought to overthrow the government of Colombia and have engaged in illicit activities such as kidnappings and extortion to finance their operations. During the 1990s, these groups became involved in the cocaine trade, and engaged in drug trafficking which significantly increased their financial revenue, access to weapons, and the overall size in terms of membership. As these organizations witnessed the tragic events of September 11, 2001 take place in New York City and in other locations in the United States, they became emboldened and began to envision themselves overthrowing and defeating the government of Colombia. Through Al-Qaeda’s example, armed groups in Colombia imagined themselves as the biblical character David, who defeated the giant Goliath with a sling and a stone. After 9/11, Transnational Criminal Organizations (TCOs) operating in Colombia began to extend their reach beyond national borders and became a major threat to national and regional security. For decades, these groups were embedded and nested with insurgent groups, right wing paramilitary groups, and other illegally armed groups involved in the nation’s armed conflict. However, after the 2016 signing of the peace accord between the Colombian government and the political arm of the FARC, transnational criminal organizations now work in concert with each other, or opposing each other for control of the illegal drug industry in Colombia.19 This new criminal paradigm in Colombia is, in many ways, far more complex than the construct in place prior to 2016, and has created new security challenges for the government.
    Źródło:
    Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka; 2021, XLIV, 3; 129-140
    1899-6264
    2451-0718
    Pojawia się w:
    Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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