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Wyszukujesz frazę "compensation liability" wg kryterium: Wszystkie pola

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    Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9
    Tytuł:
    Compensation Liability for Damages Incurred while Exercising Public Authority: a Basic Pillar of Democratic State Ruled by Law
    Autorzy:
    Cebera, Agata
    Wróbel, Aleksander
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594444.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    democracy
    state liability
    investment arbitration
    Opis:
    The leading aim of this paper is to portray the constitutional institution of compensation liability for unlawful acts of public authorities in Polish law related to the development of general principle concerning democratic rule of law. Compensation for damages brought upon the citizens by civil servants constitutes a basic pillar of contemporary democratic state, because it guarantees acting by public authorities in compliances with law and deepen trustfulness. It is also said that the state of the above–mentioned institution indicates the development of democracy.
    Źródło:
    Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2016, 45; 178-190
    0208-7375
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Political Science Yearbook
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Compensation liability for antitrust damages caused by related companies – development of the concept of a single economic unit. Case comment to the CJEU judgment of 6 October 2021 in case C-882/19 Sumal SL v Mercedes Benz Trucks España SL
    Autorzy:
    Mackiewicz, Marta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24987748.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023-12
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    private enforcement
    single economic unit
    determining the entities responsible for repairing the damage
    infringement of competition law
    Opis:
    The subject of this case comment is the analysis and assessment of the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) issued on 6 October 2021 in case C-882/19, brought by Sumal SL v Mercedes Benz Trucks España SL. The Sumal judgment concerns an important issue in the area of competition law, both public and private (private enforcement) – determining the group of entities responsible for infringements of competition law operating within one economic body. Earlier CJEU case law in this regard focused primarily on determining the liability of the parent company within a group of companies. In the Sumal judgment, however, the CJEU raised the issue of the liability of subsidiaries in the event of a breach of competition law by the parent company. The CJEU has by no means crossed out its earlier case law on the single economic unit, but looked at the issue from the opposite direction and specified the liability conditions of subsidiaries. Such clarification was undoubtedly desirable. However, it calls into question the principle of liability of subsidiaries in a situation where they were not directly involved in the infringement, rather than only indirectly or informally.
    Źródło:
    internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny; 2023, 12, 5; 124-131
    2299-5749
    Pojawia się w:
    internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Economic factors in the process of calculation of annuities in bodily injury compensation claims under liability insurance
    Autorzy:
    Jędrzychowska, Anna
    Kwiecień, Ilona
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/947581.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
    Tematy:
    annuity
    compensation
    personal damage
    time value of money
    Opis:
    The article constitutes a legal and economic discussion of the economic factors which may and should be taken into account while calculating the benefits compensating the loss of income of the injured and of their families in case of death. The analyzed benefits are an important element of compensation of economic loss in personal injury cases where the compensation is the duty of the perpetrator (or the entity responsible for him/her) within the system based on tort liability. In light of the ubiquitous nature of TPL insurance, the payer is usually the insurance company liable under the granted guarantee. The scope of such cover results from the contract and/or legal acts. The subject calculation was based on an actuarial annuity which also takes into account the likelihood of the claimant and his/ her relatives living until the subsequent periodical payments. The applied calculation is of an illustrative nature with regard to the considerations of the relevant economic assumptions made at the time of loss calculation. The discussion carried out in the article concerns the size and value of the economic factors that can be used in this model.
    Źródło:
    Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach; 2019, 24, 1; 25-38
    2080-5993
    2449-9811
    Pojawia się w:
    Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Legal Liability Issues for Mining Damages
    Problematyka odpowiedzialności prawnej za szkody powstałe na terenach górniczych
    Autorzy:
    Zielińska, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/385506.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
    Tematy:
    szkody górnicze
    prawo geologiczne i górnicze
    odpowiedzialność prawna
    odszkodowanie
    mining damage
    geological and mining law
    legal liability
    compensation
    Opis:
    Artykuł porusza problematykę związaną z odpowiedzialnością za szkody powstałe na terenach górniczych. Szerzej omówiono kwestie uwarunkowań prawnych, w odniesieniu do obowiązującego w zakresie szkód górniczych ustawodawstwa. Przedstawiono również wybrane aspekty problematyki odszkodowań, które ulegały zmianom na przestrzeni kilku dekad. Dla podsumowania aktualnie obowiązujących procedur ukazano przekrojowo tok dochodzenia roszczeń odszkodowawczych z tytułu szkód górniczych. Dodatkowo wskazano na liczne powiązania prawa geologicznego i górniczego z innymi gałęziami prawa.
    This article focuses on issues related to the legal liability for mining damages resulting from mining areas. Widely discussed legal regulations in relation to the field of mining damages legislation. It was also presented chosen aspects of the scope of damages compensation that have changed over several decades. To summarize the current procedures shown sectional course of action claims for compensation for mining damage. Additionally, pointed to the numerous ties of geological and mining law with other branches of law.
    Źródło:
    Geomatics and Environmental Engineering; 2017, 11, 2; 85-93
    1898-1135
    Pojawia się w:
    Geomatics and Environmental Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Joint and Several Liability of Competition Law Infringers in the Legislation of Central and Eastern European Member States
    Autorzy:
    Miskolczi Bodnár, Péter
    Szuchy, Robert
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530385.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
    Tematy:
    joint and several liability
    maximum degree of liability
    micro, small and medium-sized enterprises
    full compensation
    proportional reimbursement
    direct or indirect purchasers and suppliers
    ceilings of the liability of immunity recipients
    Opis:
    The study reviews the provisions of the Directive by, first, presenting its general rule – joint and several liability – and then its two exceptions, pointing out that albeit they contain similar solutions, these have different reasons in the case of leniency applicants obtained immunity from fines and small and medium-sized enterprises. The study examines whether the 11 CEE Member States prescribe joint and several liability, in principle, to cases where multiple persons cause harm jointly by an infringement of competition law. The study also analyses the position of an immunity recipient in national laws. During the examination, the study separates the position of the immunity recipient and the injured parties, as well as the position of the immunity recipient and other co-infringers, as is the case in the Directive. The study summarizes also national experiences with the implementation of the Damages Directive. It is a fact that the norms of the Directive have been implemented, and there is no deviation to jeopardize either the enforcement of claims for damages or the integrity of the internal market. Nevertheless, having established two separate exceptions, it would have been duly justified for the Commission to explain them in detail, considering their rules differ from each other. Noticeably, some CEE countries considered the difference unjustified and uniformly provided an opportunity for the co-infringer who compensated the harm of an injured party to submit a reimbursement claim against the immunity recipient and SMEs. Other CEE countries considered that they did not have the authority to do so. It would be worth reviewing the implementation of the exceptions to joint and several liabilities after a year, in conjunction with the issue of alternative dispute resolution. The study makes a proposal for an amendment of the Directive. Doctrinal views related to the SMEs exemption from joint and several liability draw attention to the fact that it is unfortunate if solutions designed in a relatively late stage of the legislative procedure do, in fact, later become a part of that directive. It would seem practical, for example, to declare that this exception shall be applied also to micro enterprises in relation to the compensation of harms caused by infringements of competition law. The Damages Directive requires, however, the implementation of this exception only with regard to small and medium-sized enterprises.
    Źródło:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2017, 10(15); 85-110
    1689-9024
    2545-0115
    Pojawia się w:
    Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The American and Polish Legal Perspectives on Cases of Neurological Perinatal Damage – Selected Issues
    Autorzy:
    Drozdowska, Urszula Dorota
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/43539281.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2024
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
    Tematy:
    liability for neurological perinatal damage
    no-fault system
    “slice” no-fault liability models
    civil compensation
    Opis:
    The purpose of the article is to present and analyze the method of compensation for a special type of medical damage – neurological perinatal damage – which arises in connection with childbirth and is neuropathological in nature. This damage is irreversible and the cost of medical care, which sometimes continues throughout the child’s entire life, is very high. Claims involving this type of damage generate the highest compensation amounts, which means, from the liability insurance point of view, that it is a “hard-to-insure” injury. This is true for both the Polish and US liability systems, even though they are legal orders apart. What we are dealing here is, on the one hand, the need to support the family of the injured child, so that, thanks to the money obtained, they can begin their treatment and rehabilitation as soon as possible, and on the other hand, the need to take into account the interests of gynecologists and obstetricians, so that their occupations do not become deficit occupations. The idea is to increase the sense of legal security for these socially important medical professions. Given the above, attempts to seek an alternative to the judicial model of liability as a means of compensating this type of medical damage should come as no surprise. An example of an alternative liability model is the legislation enacted in two US states: Virginia and Florida (so-called “slice” no-fault liability models). These models, in effect for more than 35 years, are described in the first part of the article. In the second part, the author compares them with the main principles of the Polish judicial model of liability and the extrajudicial model, which, due to recent amendments to the law have undergone a major transformation. Then (due to the comprehensiveness of the subject matter), using the example of selected representative court cases, the author analyses the types of compensation claims and the amounts of benefits awarded in cases of perinatal neurological damage. The discussion ends with conclusions comparing the US and Polish models.
    Źródło:
    Review of European and Comparative Law; 2024, 57, 2; 171-201
    2545-384X
    Pojawia się w:
    Review of European and Comparative Law
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    GLOSA DO WYROKU SĄDU APELACYJNEGO W KRAKOWIE Z DNIA 21 LIPCA 2015 R., I ACA 204/15
    Autorzy:
    Juszyńska, Katarzyna
    Szczypiński, Olaf
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/664280.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    personal goods
    civil liability
    compensation
    right to life
    conceived child
    nasciturus
    wrongful birth.
    dobra osobiste
    odpowiedzialność cywilna
    roszczenia odszkodowawcze
    prawo do życia
    dziecko poczęte
    „złe urodzenie”.
    Opis:
    SummaryIn the gloss the authors address the issue of compensation for (so-called) wrongful birth in the context of the relation between personal goods and the provisions regulating the admissibility of abortion in Polish law. They show that it is inadmissible to apply the construction of a “right to abortion,” understood as a subjective right, to which the Polish Administrative Court referred in its judgement. They argue that from the legal point of view it is inadmissible to qualify the birth of a child and/or the expense of bringing up a child as a damage. Thus they conclude that compensation for (so-called) wrongful birth is inadmissible on the grounds of Polish civil law and the constitutional protection of human life.
    StreszczenieW glosie poruszona została problematyka odszkodowania z tytułu tzw. wrongful birth w świetle relacji dóbr osobistych do przepisów normujących dopuszczalność dokonania aborcji. Autorzy wykazują niezasadność posługiwania się konstrukcją „prawa do aborcji” rozumianego jako prawo podmiotowe, na które powołał się Sąd Administracyjny w tytułowym orzeczeniu. Argumentacja wskazuje także na niedopuszczalność uznania za szkodę zarówno faktu urodzenia, jak i poniesionych kosztów w związku z wychowaniem dziecka. W ten sposób autorzy dochodzą do wniosku, że na gruncie norm prawa cywilnego, rozpatrywanych w kontekście konstytucyjnej ochrony życia, nie ma możliwości przyznania odszkodowania za tzw. „złe urodzenie”.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Prawnicze; 2017, 17, 1
    2353-8139
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Prawnicze
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The protection of customer personal data as an element of entrepreneurs’ ethical conduct
    Autorzy:
    Kulesza, Ewa
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/653158.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    personal data protection
    rights of data subjects
    right to information
    duties of personal data controller
    GDPR
    administrative fines
    criminal liability
    compensation for a violation of the right to personal data protection
    Opis:
    The right to the protection of personal data, which is part of the right to privacy, is a fundamental human right. Thus, its guarantees were included in the high-level regulations of the European Union as well as the legal norms of the EU Member States. The first Polish law regulating the protection of personal data was adopted in 1997 as the implementation of EU Directive 95/46. The law imposed a number of obligations on public and private entities which process personal data in order to protect the rights of data subjects and, in particular, to guarantee them the ability to control the correctness of processing of their personal data. Therefore, the law obliged data controllers to process data only on the basis of the premises indicated in the legislation, to adequately secure data, and to comply with the disclosure obligation concerning data subjects, including their right to correct false or outdated data or to request removal of data processed in violation of the law. However, as complaints directed by citizens to the supervisory body-the Inspector General for Personal Data Protection-showed, personal data controllers, especially those operating in the private sector, did not comply with the law, acting in a manner that violated their customers’ rights. In the hitherto existing unfair business practices of entrepreneurs, the violations of the data protection provisions that were the most burdensome for customers were related to preventing them from exercising their rights, including the right to control the processing of data, as well as the failure to provide the controller’s business address, which made it impossible for subjects whose data were used in violation of the law or for the inspecting authorities to contact the company, a lack of data security and a failure to follow the procedures required by law, the failure to secure documents containing personal data or their abandonment, a lack of updating customer data, the use of unverified data sets and sending marketing offers to deceased people or incorrect target recipients, and excessive amounts of data requested by controllers. The violations of the rights of data subjects recorded in Poland and other EU Member States-among other arguments-provided inspiration for the preparation of a new legal act in the form of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) (which entered into force on 25 May 2018). The extension of the rights of people whose data are processed was combined in the GDPR with the introduction of new legal instruments disciplining data controllers. Instruments in the form of administrative fines and the strongly emphasised possibility to demand compensation for a violation of the right to data protection were directed in particular against economic entities violating the law.
    Źródło:
    Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2018, 21, 7; 27-44
    1899-2226
    2353-4869
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Obligations of the Policyholder and Liability of the Insurer in the Marine Insurance Contract in Poland between 1920 and 1961
    Autorzy:
    Dworas-Kulik, Judyta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/30146224.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
    Tematy:
    marine insurance policy
    maritime shipping
    property insurance
    maritime risk
    compensation for a loss
    polisa morska
    żegluga morska
    ubezpieczenia majątkowe
    ryzyko morskie
    kompensacja szkody
    Opis:
    Ubezpieczenia morskie są historycznie najstarszym działem ubezpieczeń majątkowych sięgającym swymi korzeniami do starożytności. Ubezpieczenia morskie znacznie wyprzedziły rozwój ubezpieczeń lądowych, gdyż pierwsze przepisy prawne normujące umowę ubezpieczenia morskiego pochodzą ze średniowiecznych ośrodków handlu morskiego, m.in. Barcelony, Genui i Wenecji. W Polsce ubezpieczenia morskie zostały zapoczątkowane na przełomie XVII i XVIII wieku. Z uwagi, iż zwiększały pewność obrotu morskiego i służyły do zabezpieczenia transakcji kredytowych, w XIX i XX wieku stanowiły ważny czynnik rozwoju działalności gospodarczej na morzu. Uwzględniając powyższe niniejszy artykuł ma na celu poddanie analizie historyczno-prawnej przepisów prawa morskiego odnoszących się do obowiązków ubezpieczającego i odpowiedzialności ubezpieczyciela wynikających z kodeksowych regulacji w zakresie umowy ubezpieczenia morskiego, które obowiązywały w Polsce od 1918 r. do unifikacji prawa morskiego z 1961 r. W artykule zostanie podjęta próba wykazania czy polskie regulacje prawa morskiego bazowały na poniemieckich regulacjach w tym zakresie czy też były całkowicie odmienne oraz zostanie podjęta próba wskazania kierunku zmian w przepisach prawa morskiego w omawianym zakresie.
    Marine insurance is historically the oldest branch of property insurance dating back to antiquity. Marine insurance predated the development of land insurance by a considerable margin, as the first legal provisions prescribing a marine insurance contract date back to the medieval centers of maritime trade, including Barcelona, Genoa and Venice. In Poland, marine insurance was initiated at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries. As they increased the certainty of maritime trade and were used to secure credit transactions, they were an important factor in the development of maritime business in the 19th and 20th centuries. In view of the above, this article seeks to analyze the historical and legal provisions of maritime law relating to the duties of the policyholder and the liability of the insurer arising from the code regulations of the maritime insurance contract, which were in force in Poland from 1918 until the unification of maritime law in 1961. The article will attempt to show whether the Polish maritime law regulations were based on the post-German regulations in this respect or whether they were completely different. It will also attempt to indicate the direction of changes in maritime law regulations in this respect.
    Źródło:
    Studia Maritima; 2023, 36; 93-110
    0137-3587
    2353-303X
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Maritima
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9

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