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Tytuł:
Budget deficit-macroeconomic variables nexus in Kenya
Autorzy:
Philip, Doris Syombua
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2027265.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Budget deficit
Kenya
Selected macroeconomic variables
Opis:
Aim/purpose – The aim of this paper was to establish the nexus between a budget deficit and selected macroeconomic variables in Kenya. This adds to the existing literature while the methodology and choice of the econometric tools used improve the predictability of the link between a budget deficit and macroeconomic variables. The results are relevant to policy makers as they may help improve understanding of budget deficit management. Design/methodology/approach – The study used time series data for the period from 1976 to 2018 and employed the Vector Autoregression model reinforced by the Keynesian Mundell–Fleming framework. Findings – The impulse response function derived from the vector autoregression model revealed that shocks from both interest rate and exchange rate had a positive impact on budget deficit. External debt servicing and current account deficit shocks had a negative impact on the budget deficit. Research implications/limitations – Interest rate and exchange rate policies remain key in reducing the growth of the budget deficit. Policies on external debt servicing, such as timely payment of debts and prudent investment of borrowed funds, will also reduce the budget deficit. Originality/value/contribution – The study employed transmission mechanism which involves multiple equations to establish the nexus between a budget deficit and macroeconomic variables in Kenya.
Źródło:
Journal of Economics and Management; 2021, 43; 270-292
1732-1948
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Economics and Management
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Budget Deficit and Economic Growth in Sri Lanka: An Econometric Dynamic Analysis
Autorzy:
Aslam, A. L. Mohamed
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1192692.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Dynamic relationship
Budget deficit
Economic growth
Export earnings
Exchange rate and Inflation
Opis:
Budget deficit is a debating word in developing countries; it maintains a relationship with economic growth of countries in different aspects. The objective of this study was to test the dynamic relationship between the budget deficit and the economic growth of Sri Lanka using annual time series data from 1959 to 2013.To test this objective, the budget deficit of Sri Lanka was used as main independent variable and the gross domestic product in constant price was utilized as dependent variable. The exports earnings, exchange rate, inflation rate were used supportive independent variables of this study. The Johansen cointegration technique and Vector Error Correction Model were employed to test the long and short - run dynamic relationship between the budget deficit and the economic growth of Sri Lanka. This study found that all variables were cointegrated at 1st difference form. In the meantime the budget deficit and economic growth of Sri Lanka had preserved a long- run dynamic relationship during the study period but no short- run dynamic relationship. In addition, the budget deficit had positive relationship with economic growth of Sri Lanka.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2016, 46; 176-188
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
CAUSES OF PUBLIC DEBT AND BUDGET DEFICIT
PRZYCZYNY DŁUGU PUBLICZNEGO I DEFICYTU BUDŻETOWEGO
Autorzy:
Szybowski, Daniel
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/576665.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12
Wydawca:
Międzynarodowy Instytut Innowacji Nauka – Edukacja – Rozwój w Warszawie
Tematy:
finanse publiczne
budżet państwa
polityka podatkowa
tax law
budget deficit
public debt
public finances
state budget
tax policy
prawo podatkowe
deficyt budżetowy
dług publiczny
Opis:
The aim of the article is to present a problem concerning the reasons for the formation of a public debt and a budget deficit. The public debt is undoubtedly caused by the excessive costs that may arise, for example, because of the militarization of the economy, excessive administration or high social benefits. However, the reasons of too low taxes and other public revenues may be very numerous - from too low effective tax rates through ineffec-tive and tax collection system to narrowing the tax base caused by the falling level of gross domestic product production. The main reason for the public deficit is a failure to adjust the size of public expenditure to the profitability of the economy. This maladjust-ment may have a permanent character resulting from the tendency to excessive expansion of public expenditure. It may also have a short-term character related to the alternate nature of over-expand economic development, which is expressed in the business cycle. The low efficiency of public spending, low efficiency of public debt collection and the burden on budgetary expenditure costs of existing debt can be distinguished among the other sources and causes of the public deficit.
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie problemu dotyczącego przyczyn powstawania długu publicznego i deficytu budżetowego. Przyczyną powstania długu publicznego niewątpliwie są nadmierne wydatki, które mogą być spowodowane np. militaryzacją gospodarki, rozbudowana administracją czy też wysokimi transferami socjalnymi. Rzadziej natomiast zbyt niskie podatki i inne dochody publiczne, których przyczyny mogą być bardzo liczne, od zbyt niskich efektywnych stawek podatkowych poprzez nieefektywny i mało skuteczny system ściągania podatków, do zawężenia bazy podatkowej spowodowanej spadającym poziomem produkcji produktu krajowego brutto. Główną przyczyną deficytu publicznego jest niedostosowanie rozmiarów wydatków publicznych do możliwości dochodowych gospodarki. Niedostosowanie to może mieć charakter trwały wynikający z tendencji do nadmiernego rozbudowania wydatków publicznych. Może mieć to również niedostosowanie krótkookresowe związane z przemiennym charakterem rozwoju gospodarczego, co się wyraża w cyklu koniunkturalnym. Wśród pozostałych źródeł i przyczyn deficytu publicznego wyróżniamy: niską efektywność wydatkowania publicznego, niską skuteczność ściągania należności publicznych oraz obciążenie wydatków budżetowych kosztami już istniejącego długu publicznego.
Źródło:
International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences; 2018, 8(2); 57-67
2450-2146
2451-1064
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
How Budget Deficit Impairs Long-Term Growth and Welfare under Perfect Capital Mobility
Autorzy:
Konopczyński, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2076617.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
budget deficit
optimal fiscal policy
perfect capital mobility
Opis:
This paper investigates the implications of the size of budget deficit in the open economy under perfect mobility of capital. For that purpose we construct a general equilibrium model with consumers maximizing the discounted utility of consumption, and firms maximizing profits. Government sets the size of the deficit relative to GDP and controls the structure of public debt. Using standard methods of optimal control theory we solve the model, i.e. we find explicit formulas for all trajectories and the level of welfare. Finally, we show that the higher the deficit-to-GDP ratio, the lower the welfare of consumers. Similarly, welfare increases with the share of foreign creditors in public debt.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics; 2014, 3; 129-152
2080-0886
2080-119X
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Budget Deficit in a Growing Economy and Impossibility of Fiscal Collapse: A Continuous Time Analysis
Autorzy:
Tanaka, Yasuhito
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/45083564.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-09-07
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Nauk Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
budget deficit
growing economy
infinitely living consumers
continuous time model
impossibility of fiscal collapse
Opis:
Using a continuous time dynamic model of growing economy we will show the following results. 1) When people derive utility from their money holding (or government bond holding) along with their consumption, a budget deficit is essential to achieve and maintain full employment under stable prices or inflation in a growing economy. 2) If we take into account that government spending due to budget deficits increases financial assets held by the private sector, and then consumption will occur from assets in addition to consumption from income, even when the interest rate on government bonds is higher than the real economic growth rate, the ratio of government debt to GDP can not diverge and the divergence is naturally prevented by mild inflation. The required inflation rate is such that the interest rate of the government bonds is smaller than the weighted average of the rate of return on capital and the nominal growth rate. Since the interest rate of the government bonds is usually considered smaller than the rate of return on capital, this is not a very demanding requirement. Thus, we need not worry at all about the accumulation of government debt or about the divergence of the debt to GDP ratio, which is often taken as an indicator of fiscal collapse.
Źródło:
Central European Economic Journal; 2024, 11, 58; 305-319
2543-6821
Pojawia się w:
Central European Economic Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The reasons of high values of stock-flow adjustment – the conclusions from case studies
Autorzy:
Piątkowski, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2125555.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
stock-flow adjustment
public debt
budget deficit
Opis:
Purpose – The paper presents the analysis of the situations of high values of SFA observed in European Union countries during the years 2002-2017. They were assessed in terms of their specific character as well as due to their frequency and the reasons of their occurrence. The analysis aimed at isolating those economic factors that create the risk of the occurrence of high SFA levels and thus contribute to the increase of public debt to a considerably larger degree than the budget deficit would imply. Research method – The analysis is based on Eurostat data concerning the values of SFA for European Union countries. In the years 2002-2017 it comprised 431 observations. They have been analyzed in terms of the average values (both nominal and absolute), the share of positive and negative values and the frequency of the occurrence of high values in general and in particular countries. Subsequently, using case study methodology the Author analyzed the situation of countries with considerable shares of high values of SFA. Results – The analysis has shown that high values of SFA are most frequently the effect of state interventions during economic crises. In most countries the increase of SFA values was temporary (e.g. in Ireland). The second reason is the risk of bankruptcy. Such patterns were observed in Greece and Cyprus. While in Cyprus the increase of SFA values was only temporary, in Greece the position still remains difficult. The third reason of an increase in SFA values lies in the investments made by pension system institutions. Such situations took place, among others, in Finland and Luxembourg. Originality / value – The added value of the paper is connected with the case studies of countries with particularly high values of SFA. They were selected on the basis of data comprising 16 years and in total there were 431 observations for 28 countries of the European Union.
Źródło:
Optimum. Economic Studies; 2019, 4(98); 84-96
1506-7637
Pojawia się w:
Optimum. Economic Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The System of Funding Operational Programmes in Poland. Implications for Public Finance
Autorzy:
Kłos, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/942392.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
financial frameworks
structural funds
public budget
budget deficit
Opis:
The paper explores the issue of funding the operational programmes effectuated in Poland based on the financial frameworks of the European Union for 2000-2006 and 2007-2013. The membership of Poland in the European Union provides an opportunity to receive additional funds, however the funds absorption also brings about costs. The author's aim is to evaluate the influence of the Polish systems of funding the operational programmes co-financed by the EU structural funds on the public finance. The systemic solutions implemented in Poland affect two basic macroeconomic parameters: public debt and budget deficit.
Źródło:
Warsaw Forum of Economic Sociology; 2011, 2, 4; 97-139
2081-9633
Pojawia się w:
Warsaw Forum of Economic Sociology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Emerging Capitalism in Poland Challenges and Dilemmas
Autorzy:
Hausner, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/942396.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
the public finance
public budget
budget deficit
macroeconomics
Opis:
This statement provides an account of an eventful period in the recent history of Polish social dialogue (2001-2005). The author shares his experiences and reflections from the time when he served as the Minister of Labour and the Deputy Prime Minister, as well as the head of the Tripartite Commission for Social and Economic Affairs. The statement heavily relies on the author's book 'Loops of development' (Pętle rozwoju) published in 2007. The author argues that while structural reforms are inevitable in societies in transition, such as Polish, they should be introduced with caution. The role of public institutions and their viability is also stressed out. As the author claims, social dialogue, albeit of undeniable value, is prone to serious deficiencies, especially, if it retains a specific corporatist profile (that is, supporting special interest groups), which was the case in Poland in the early 2000s.
Źródło:
Warsaw Forum of Economic Sociology; 2011, 2, 4; 77-95
2081-9633
Pojawia się w:
Warsaw Forum of Economic Sociology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL CRISIS ON THE CONDITION OF PUBLIC FINANCES IN POLAND (Ocena wplywu kryzysu finansowego na stan finansow publicznych w Polsce)
Autorzy:
Skica, Tomasz
Pater, Robert
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/599702.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Informatyki i Zarządzania z siedzibą w Rzeszowie
Tematy:
BUDGET DEFICIT
PUBLIC FINANCE
PUBLIC FINANCE SECTOR DEFICIT
Opis:
The article is an attempt to diagnose the current condition of public finances in Poland. The authors have adopted the goal of analyzing the impact of financial crisis on the condition of domestic public finances, referring to the results of findings of indexes describing public finance in European Union countries. The article is a view of domestic comparisons of the current situation of public finances against the background of crisis that affected the economy of each of the EU countries. The article evaluates and examines the scale and the impact of the consequences of the crisis on the condition of public finances in Poland, pointing to threats that influence the stability of the financial system as an effect of abandonments to reform of public finances.
Źródło:
Finansowy Kwartalnik Internetowy e-Finanse; 2010, 6, 4; 36-50
1734-039X
Pojawia się w:
Finansowy Kwartalnik Internetowy e-Finanse
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Role of Commercial Banks in Financing Debt of Local Government Units
Autorzy:
Żabka, Adam
Hoza, Beata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2034609.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-07-31
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej
Tematy:
budget deficit
bank credit
bank loan
municipal bonds
Opis:
The authors of the paper present the results of their research in the structure of resources used to cover financial deficit of institutions of public finance sector on central and local level. The authors also evaluate the consequences triggered by application of different methods of financing. The aim of the paper is to analyse the reasons of low activity of local government units in obtaining financial resources directly from the capital market as compared to the State Treasury and commercial enterprises. By means of tools used in comparative analysis the authors juxtapose the most important parameters of primary and secondary markets of long-term debt securities issued by local government units, the State Treasury and commercial enterprises.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej; 2019, 2; 56-60
2084-1809
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Overcoming the consequences of financial crisis on the example of Island and Ireland
Autorzy:
Kalinowska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1945064.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-08-31
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "SPATIUM"
Tematy:
Ireland
housing bubble
public debt
budget deficit
moral hazard
Opis:
Will Ireland share the fate of Iceland? Is this open, small economy with a debt-to-GDP ratio of above 130% on the verge of bankruptcy? Economists argue that if public debt is greater than national income, then smaller economies, heavily involved in the international division of labor are at risk of becoming insolvent. The bankruptcy of Ireland, whose prosperity is based on its reputation for being a good place to do business, could be a catastrophy. Contrary to the countries of southern Europe, the economy of the Green Island has never had problems with paying its liabilities and with solvency. While Greece has gone bankrupt five times since gaining independence in 1826 and Spain as many as thirteen in the past two centuries, Ireland's history in this area is impeccable (Reinhard, Rogoff, 2009, p. 3-6). Since the beginning of the 21st century Ireland's economic development has been based mainly on construction industry and not exports, as it used to be in the 1990s when the country was nicknamed the Celtic Tiger. The boom resulted in a budget surplus and a positive balance in current settlements. But it also resulted in higher prices - the Irish no longer had to accept slow wage growth to stay internationally competitive - which, combined with the low nominal interest rate of the European Central Bank, provided fertile ground for the build-up of the real estate bubble. The aim of the article is to identify the factors that led Ireland to the brink of bankruptcy and to try to answer the question whether the action of recapitalization of failing banks by the government and international financial institutions will bring the expected results in the form of healing the financial system and returning Green Island to the path of economic growth.
Źródło:
Central European Review of Economics & Finance; 2021, 33, 2; 55-66
2082-8500
2083-4314
Pojawia się w:
Central European Review of Economics & Finance
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of budget deficits and macroeconomic fundamentals: A VAR-VECM approach
Autorzy:
Epaphra, Manamba
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/522020.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Budget deficit
Macroeconomic variables
Vector Autoregression
Vector Error-Correction Model
Opis:
Aim/purpose – This paper examines the relationship between budget deficits and selected macroeconomic variables in Tanzania for the period spanning from 1966 to 2015. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses Vector autoregression (VAR) – Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and variance decomposition techniques. The Johansen’s test is applied to examine the long run relationship among the variables under study. Findings – The Johansen’s test of cointegration indicates that the variables are cointegrated and thus have a long run relationship. The results based on the VAR-VECM estimation show that real GDP and exchange rate have a negative and significant relationship with budget deficit whereas inflation, money supply and lending interest rate have a positive one. Variance decomposition results show that variances in the budget deficits are mostly explained by the real GDP, followed by inflation and real exchange rate. Research implications/limitations – Results are very indicative, but highlight the importance of containing inflation and money supply to check their effects on budget deficits over the short run and long-run periods. Also, policy recommendation calls for fiscal authorities in Tanzania to adopt efficient and effective methods of tax collection and public sector spending. Originality/value/contribution – Tanzania has been experiencing budget deficit since the 1970s and that this budget deficit has been blamed for high indebtedness, inflation and poor investment and growth. The paper contributes to the empirical debate on the causal relationship between budget deficits and macroeconomic variables by employing VAR-VECM and variance decomposition approaches.
Źródło:
Journal of Economics and Management; 2017, 30; 20-57
1732-1948
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Economics and Management
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Phenomenon of Twin Deficits in Poland in 2009–2018 : Research Paper
Autorzy:
Zawiślińska, Izabela
Cirin, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2048531.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-06
Wydawca:
Najwyższa Izba Kontroli
Tematy:
twin deficits
budget deficit
balance of payments
international financial relations
Opis:
The purpose of this article is to determine the degree, direction and strength of the impact of the studied variables, i.e. the state budget balance and the current account balance as part of Poland’s balance of payments in the years 2009–2018 based on the data of the Statistics Poland. The main research questions focus on determining the type of relationships connecting the studied deficits and the degree, direc tion and type of interaction in light of previous studies dedicated to the hypothesis of twin deficits. The methodology used is based on inte grated correlation analysis, linear regression and an analysis of the co efficient of variation. As a result of the study, a strong correlation was found between the cumulative values of the examined deficits, con firming the existence of the twin deficit hypothesis in Poland in the examined period; this means that the budget deficit affects the current account balance of payments. The main balance stabilizing the negative balance of primary incomes, in which the income of non-residents from foreign direct investment is the dominant position, was the balance of extremely dynamically developing service exports.
Źródło:
Kontrola Państwowa; 2021, 66, 3 (398); 180-199
0452-5027
Pojawia się w:
Kontrola Państwowa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The influence of fiscal rules on the discipline in the public finance in Poland
Autorzy:
Ciak, Joalnta Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/18735089.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-07-30
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Zarządzania i Finansów
Tematy:
discipline of public finance
budget deficit
fiscal rules
public debt
Opis:
Fiscal rules constitute tools that match the characteristics of a transparent fiscal policy. Increasing the predictability of activities conducted within the public finance sector, which can limit politicians’ irresponsible behaviour, is of crucial importance. Fiscal rules may be preventative in nature – they can, therefore, prevent negative phenomena in the area of public finance now and in the near future. They become a kind of obstacle for potential inappropriate fiscal expansion, expenditure expansion in particular, of the public authorities, which could lead to too deep an imbalance between the liabilities of the state and the sources sufficient to cover its obligations. The trends in changes in the current public finance are supplemented by introducing fiscal rules or strengthening their role. The basic problem with fiscal rules is that in many cases they are leaky and are also not consistently observed. The aim of the article is to present a brief overview of national and supranational fiscal rules and reference to the existing situation in the public finance in Poland. The article presents the analysis of the source literature, legal acts and statistical data.
Źródło:
Journal of Management and Financial Sciences; 2019, 36; 31-43
1899-8968
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Management and Financial Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Optimal Fiscal Policy in a Small Open Economy: Insights from the Growth Model with Human Capital and Public Debt
Autorzy:
Konopczyński, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2119903.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
optimal fiscal policy
economic growth
human capital
budget deficit
public debt
Opis:
This paper investigates the linkages between economic growth and fiscal policy under perfect capital mobility. The model incorporates wide range of fiscal policy instruments: the budget deficit, the structure of public debt, public expenditures on education, public consumption, and four tax rates. We prove that two tax rates – on consumption and interest on government bonds held by domestic lenders – are neutral for economic growth: both for the balanced growth path (BGP), and for transitory dynamics. All other parameters of fiscal policy are not neutral. Theoretical results are illustrated with an empirical analysis for Poland based on post-global financial crisis data for the Polish economy (2009–2018). Numerical simulations show that if fiscal policy remains unchanged, Polish economy will converge to the BGP with GDP growing at 2.3%. The best way to accelerate growth is to increase public investment in education. The other budgetary policy instruments are less effective in shaping economic growth.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics; 2022, 2; 131-160
2080-0886
2080-119X
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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