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    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    Psychedelics – a better alternative for depression treatment?
    Psychodeliki - lepsza alternatywa leczenia depresji?
    Autorzy:
    Gołembiowska, Krystyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2121390.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    psychedelics
    depression
    brain plasticity
    Opis:
    Psychedelics, as a plant-derived material, have been used for millennia in reli- gious and medical practices. They produce an altered state of consciousness characterized by distortions of perception, hallucinations, dissolution of self boun- daries and the experience of unity with the world. Classic psychedelics, also known as serotonergic hallucinogens, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin were extensively investigated in substance-assisted psychotherapy during the 1950s–1960s. These early clinical studies reported improvement rates in patients with various forms of depression, anxiety disorders, alcohol dependen- ce. The development of modern neuroimaging techniques renewed interest in the investigation of psychedelics as a class of drugs that may reopen multiple the- rapeutic benefits. Current behavioral and neurochemical data show that psy- chedelics induce their psychological effects primarily via 5-hydroxytryptamine type 2A (5-HT2A) receptor activation and modulate neural circuits involved in mood and affective disorders. Clinical trials examining psilocybin have suggested that the compound relieves symptoms of depression and anxiety with rapid onset and longer duration. Serotonergic psychedelics enhance expression of neurotro- phic factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as well as expres- sion of genes associated with synaptic plasticity and stimulate synapse formation. These effects are similar to those produced by fast-acting antidepressant keta- mine. Basic science research can reveal the neural mechanism of psychedelics action and how they can be used for treatment.
    Źródło:
    Nauka; 2021, 4; 93-104
    1231-8515
    Pojawia się w:
    Nauka
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    From a Botched Body without Organs to a Plastic Brain. A Reading of P.K. Dick’s "A Scanner Darkly"
    Autorzy:
    Płomiński, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48808379.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    Philip K. Dick
    A Scanner Darkly
    twentieth century science fiction
    posthumanism
    body without organs
    brain plasticity
    Opis:
    This article analyzes the 1977 science-fiction novel A Scanner Darkly by Philip K. Dick, and focuses on the split personalities of the main character: Bob/Fred/Bruce. The reading is supplemented by the use of the concepts of Line of Flight and Body without Organs introduced by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari in Capitalism and Schizophrenia as well as Catherine Malabou’s concept of brain plasticity. The article argues that the progressing deterioration of the protagonist’s mental state caused by drug abuse and social environment may be seen as a representation of a “botched BwO” – a body that has lost its productive potential and cannot be reintegrated into a stable territory. At the same time, I contend that the final chapter of the novel depicts a reparative transformation in which, thanks to brain plasticity, he is integrated into an autopoietic system of his environment.
    Źródło:
    Analyses/Rereadings/Theories: A Journal Devoted to Literature, Film and Theatre; 2021, 7, 2; 27-39
    2353-6098
    Pojawia się w:
    Analyses/Rereadings/Theories: A Journal Devoted to Literature, Film and Theatre
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Mirror therapy
    Terapia lustrzana
    Autorzy:
    Pirowska, Aneta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1966250.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego im. Bronisława Czecha w Krakowie
    Tematy:
    Mirror therapy
    phantom phenomena
    phantom pain
    Phantom sensation
    the mirror neuron system
    brain plasticity
    limb amputation
    terapia lustrzana
    wrażenia fantomowe
    ból fantomowy
    doznania fantomowe
    system neuronów lustrzanych
    plastyczność mózgu
    amputacje kończyn
    Opis:
    Phantom phenomena occur in many people following limb amputation. The article presents in part their incoherent and heterogeneous characteristics. A phantom limb may assume a complete or incomplete form, one shorter or longer than the healthy one (the telescopic effect), that is rotated, deformed, fragmented, as equally mobile or immobile. For the patient after limb amputation the perception of their own body scheme changes, which displays itself in the appearance of phantom phenomena. To date there has not been developed a fully effective method for the treatment of the pain endured and the unpleasant phantom sensations themselves. A method of particular note is mirror therapy, enabling the patient to conjure up the illusion of the existence of the entire body scheme after limb amputation, and with the same reducing either the pain endured and/or the unpleasant phantom phenomena. The effect of mirror therapy involves the generating of feedback through the transfer of visual information, which more than likely arouses the mirror neuron system. In the work attempts were undertaken to regulate the way mirror therapy was conducted and to present its effects on the basis of the subject literature available, as well as on the basis of several years of personal experience in its application amongst post limb amputation patients. The way in which mirror therapy is used is tailor-made to the individual needs of the given patient, depending on the type of phantom phenomena experienced.
    Wrażenia fantomowe występują u większości osób po amputacji kończyn. Artykuł przedstawia ich niespójną i niejednorodną charakterystykę. Kończyna fantomowa może przybierać formę kompletnej lub niekompletnej, krótszej lub dłuższej od zdrowej (efekt teleskopowy), zrotowanej, zdeformowanej, rozfragmentowanej, jak również ruchomej lub nieruchomej. U chorego po amputacji kończyny zmienia się postrzeganie własnego schematu ciała, co wykazuje związek z występowaniem wrażeń fantomowych. Dotychczas nie opracowano w pełni skutecznej metody leczenia trwale znoszącej ból i nieprzyjemne doznania fantomowe. Metodą zasługującą na szczególną uwagę jest terapia lustrzana, polegająca na wywoływaniu iluzji istnienia pełnego schematu ciała po amputacji kończyny, tym samym zmniejszając lub znosząc ból i/lub nieprzyjemne doznania fantomowe. Działanie terapii lustrzanej polega na wywoływaniu reakcji zwrotnej (ang. feedback), przez przekaz informacji wzrokowej, prawdopodobnie dzięki pobudzaniu systemu neuronów lustrzanych. W opracowaniu podjęto próbę uporządkowania sposobu prowadzenia terapii lustrzanej i zaprezentowano jej efekty na podstawie dostępnej literatury, jak również na podstawie kilkuletnich doświadczeń własnych wynikających z jej stosowania u chorych po amputacjach kończyn. Sposób prowadzenia terapii lustrzanej dostosowuje się do indywidualnych potrzeb chorego, zależnych od rodzaju odczuwanych wrażeń fantomowych.
    Źródło:
    Medical Rehabilitation; 2013, 17(4); 37-48
    1427-9622
    1896-3250
    Pojawia się w:
    Medical Rehabilitation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The spike-timing-dependent plasticity function based on a brain sequential learning system using a recurrent neuronal network
    Autorzy:
    Ogata, G.
    Natsume, K.
    Ishizuka, S.
    Hayashi, H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/384197.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Przemysłowy Instytut Automatyki i Pomiarów
    Tematy:
    hippocampus
    entorhinal cortex
    STDP function
    brain science
    Opis:
    This paper examines the spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) at the synapses of the medial entorhinal cortex (EC) and the dentate gyrus (DG) in the hippocampus. The medial and lateral ECs respectively convey spatial and non-spatial information to the hippocampus, and the DG of the hippocampus integrates or binds them. There is a recurrent neuronal network between the EC and the hippocampus called the EC-hippocampus loop. A computational study has shown that using this loop and STDP phenomena at the recurrent EC synapse, sequential learning can be accomplished. But the STDP functions at the synapses of the EC and DG have not yet been studied by neurophysiological experiments. Experiments on STDP phenomena were performed in rats. The STDP function was asymmetrical in the EC synapse and symmetrical in the DG. The medial EC mainly processes the time-series signals for spatial information about visual landmarks when a rat is running in an environment, the lateral EC processes their features, and the DG binds or integrates the information on the positions and features of the landmarks. Thus, the EC-hippocampus loop processes sequential learning of spatial and non-spatial information in parallel, and the DG binds or integrates the two kinds of signals. A system based on this biological phenomenon could have similar characteristics of parallel processing of object features and positions, and their binding.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems; 2010, 4, 2; 25-30
    1897-8649
    2080-2145
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    THE POSSIBILITY OF LINKING SPONTANEOUS AND INDUCED NEUROCOGNITIVE PLASTICITY: CAN COGNITIVE TRAINING INFLUENCE COMPENSATORY BRAIN ACTIVITY IN OLDER ADULTS? THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL PREMISES
    Autorzy:
    Zając-Lamparska, Ludmiła
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2137961.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-11-19
    Wydawca:
    Fundacja Edukacji Medycznej, Promocji Zdrowia, Sztuki i Kultury Ars Medica
    Tematy:
    neurocognitive aging
    compensatory brain activity
    cognitive training
    neuroplasticity
    Opis:
    One of the most important determinants of successful aging is cognitive ability. Although cognitive decline is a well-documented phenomenon characteristic of aging, it is acknowledged that aging can also be related to cognitive neuroplasticity that allows one to compensate the decline and adapt to it. Cognitive neuroplasticity may be spontaneous or induced by external influences. An example of the former is compensatory brain activity in older adults, and the latter – improvement in cognitive functioning under the influence of cognitive training. Both the compensatory brain activity of older adults and the effectiveness of cognitive training in this age group have already been extensively studied. However, it has not yet been examined whether they can be linked. The article indicates theoretical and empirical premises for the possibility of influencing compensatory brain activity in older adults by cognitive training. In the most comprehensive way the phenomenon of compensatory brain activity in older adults is addressed by the STAC model – the Scaffolding Theory of Aging and Cognition, which also provides the theoretical grounds for the possible impact of cognitive training on compensatory brain activity. There are also empirical arguments in favour of such an impact, but they are quite limited in nature. The reason for this is the lack of research directly addressing the problem of the consistency of brain activity changes resulting from cognitive training with the assumptions of compensatory brain activity models, such as STAC. The theoretical grounds for the linkage of compensatory brain activity in older adults with the influence of cognitive training are clear. However, the analysis of the studies discussed in the article suggests that failing to embed the study design within the theoretical framework of compensatory brain activity in older adults may lead to the exclusion of factors important in drawing conclusions about this phenomenon. The following elements of the study design were identified as necessary to include: participation of young adults in the study as a reference group, usage of tasks in different difficulty levels during the measurement of brain activity and consideration of the relation between brain activity and cognitive performance, and comparison of brain activity in relation to cognitive performance before and after training in both, older and young adults.
    Źródło:
    Acta Neuropsychologica; 2020, 18(4); 507-523
    1730-7503
    2084-4298
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Neuropsychologica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Brain derived neurotrophic factor, a link of aerobic metabolism to neuroplasticity
    Autorzy:
    de Assis, G.G.
    Gasanov, E.V.
    de Sousa, M.B.C.
    Kozacz, A.
    Murawska-Cialowicz, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/70146.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Fizjologiczne
    Tematy:
    brain derived neurotrophic factor
    central nervous system
    neuronal plasticity
    metabolic property
    aerobic exercise
    gene expression
    Źródło:
    Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology; 2018, 69, 3
    0867-5910
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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