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Tytuł:
Reliability Evaluation of Transmission Planetary Gears “bottom-up” approach
Autorzy:
Živković, Predrag
Milutinović, Miroslav
Tica, Milan
Trifković, Spasoje
Čamagić, Ivica
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24200801.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Naukowo-Techniczne Towarzystwo Eksploatacyjne PAN
Tematy:
planetary gear
failure rate
reliability
bottom-up
Opis:
The reliability study is the most important part of the engineering design process, as it is the basis of analysis and assessment of future product performance in exploitation. Since performance cannot be predicted with absolute certainty, the application of reliability theory includes probability theory and unreliability modeling. The proposed approach has been applied to assess the reliability of gear planetary power transmissions. The assessment of system reliability was determined on the basis of the block diagram method, as a function of the reliability of individual components, calculated by statistical analysis. Using the Weibull model, the reliability of the planetary gear was defined on the basis of the probability of failure of the gear teeth and the results were interpreted to assess the reliability of the component and the entire planetary train. For a more precise assessment of reliability and to avoid modeling every failure and mode of occurrence, a competitive risk model was developed. The reliability assessment study was conducted with a “bottom-up” approach. Reliability has been assessed, for instantaneous, estimated and assigned failures rate of planetary train and component.
Źródło:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność; 2023, 25, 1; art. no. 2
1507-2711
Pojawia się w:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rough Modeling---a Bottom-up Approach to Model Construction
Autorzy:
Loken, T.
Komorowski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/908362.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
model opisowy
wybieranie danych
knowledge discovery
rough sets
rough modeling
descriptive models
Opis:
Traditional data mining methods based on rough set theory focus on extracting models which are good at classifying unseen objects. If one wants to uncover new knowledge from the data, the model must have a high descriptive quality---it must describe the data set in a clear and concise manner, without sacrificing classification performance. Rough modeling, introduced by Kowalczyk (1998), is an approach which aims at providing models with good predictive and descriptive qualities, in addition to being computationally simple enough to handle large data sets. As rough models are flexible in nature and simple to generate, it is possible to generate a large number of models and search through them for the best model. Initial experiments confirm that the drop in performance of rough models compared to models induced using traditional rough set methods is slight at worst, and the gain in descriptive quality is very large.
Źródło:
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science; 2001, 11, 3; 675-690
1641-876X
2083-8492
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bottom-up learning of hierarchical models in a class of deterministic POMDP environments
Autorzy:
Itoh, H.
Fukumoto, H.
Wakuya, H.
Furukawa, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/330566.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
partially observable system
Markov decision process
hierarchical model
bottom up learning
układ częściowo obserwowalny
decyzyjny proces Markowa
model hierarchiczny
Opis:
The theory of partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) is a useful tool for developing various intelligent agents, and learning hierarchical POMDP models is one of the key approaches for building such agents when the environments of the agents are unknown and large. To learn hierarchical models, bottom-up learning methods in which learning takes place in a layer-by-layer manner from the lowest to the highest layer are already extensively used in some research fields such as hidden Markov models and neural networks. However, little attention has been paid to bottom-up approaches for learning POMDP models. In this paper, we present a novel bottom-up learning algorithm for hierarchical POMDP models and prove that, by using this algorithm, a perfect model (i.e., a model that can perfectly predict future observations) can be learned at least in a class of deterministic POMDP environments.
Źródło:
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science; 2015, 25, 3; 597-615
1641-876X
2083-8492
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
People-Powered Planning: Planning from the bottom up in a top-down system
Autorzy:
Collins, Patrick
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2033949.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
spatial planning
centralisation
collaboration
village planning
Ireland
Opis:
This paper is concerned with spatial policy in Ireland. It adopts an historical lens to help explain why Ireland currently finds itself at the bottom of the European league table with regard to local governance. After categorising the Irish political and planning system as highly centralised, bureaucratic and linear, the paper uses a case study of the Moycullen village plan to show an alternate path towards place development in Ireland. This case study sets out to contrast the desire of a people to collaborate in the authorship of their place with the top down nature of spatial planning in Ireland. By making clear the methods and results of the project, this paper highlights the latent demand that exists in a community that is subject to national planning system that reduces their ability to affect change. Through the use of some innovative approaches, this project has sought to fire the geographic imaginary of a people with respect to their place.
Źródło:
European Spatial Research and Policy; 2021, 28, 2; 227-250
1231-1952
1896-1525
Pojawia się w:
European Spatial Research and Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Technological interface of the city – The promise of a real bottom-up urban planning?
Autorzy:
Filip, A. J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/115473.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Fundacja na Rzecz Młodych Naukowców
Tematy:
city
interface
technology
bottom-up
urban development
miasto
ICT
technologia
rozwój miast
urbanistyka
Opis:
The paper shows how developing social networking services, geo-media applications, e-management tools, and even some particular types of web ‘games’ may contribute to the creation of technological interfaces of our cities. Nevertheless, the paper calls into question whether these technological environments may contribute to the real change in urban planning – the change from the top-down to the bottom-up approach.
Źródło:
Challenges of Modern Technology; 2015, 6, 2; 57-62
2082-2863
2353-4419
Pojawia się w:
Challenges of Modern Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Contemporary bottom-up tools for public spaces activation
Współczesne oddolne narzędzia aktywizacji przestrzeni publicznych
Autorzy:
Dubinina, Anastasiia
Krośnicka, Karolina A.
Rembeza, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2204892.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Sopocka Akademia Nauk Stosowanych
Tematy:
public spaces
designing tools for public spaces
bottom-up approach
place-making
tactical urbanism
przestrzenie publiczne
narzędzia projektowania przestrzeni publicznych
podejście oddolne
placemaking
urbanistyka taktyczna
Opis:
This article attempts to figure out the current understanding of public spaces and the contemporary tools for bottom-up activation of public spaces to make them more friendly and functional. The paper investigates contemporary public spaces' challenges and what tools can be used to improve them. In this research, the main issue will be the question: what kind of tools and actions can be offered to maintain the quality of public spaces? There are two basic approaches for bettering public spaces: ‘bottom-up’ and ‘top-down’. The paper concentrates on the first approach and considers such methods as place-making and tactical urbanism in designing public spaces along with the community involvement. The work describes an increasing need for an architect, urban designer and planner to be involved in the process of city revitalisation as an interface between the local government and the inhabitants. This study attempts to answer the question of what is a connection between the architectural and social context of the public realm and the relationship between different types of public spaces, what makes public space friendly for users. How do public spaces help to strengthen social connections in towns, what is connection between architectural context and social context of the public realm. The presented study cases explain the different approaches and tools of place-making, including creative place-making.
Źródło:
Przestrzeń, Ekonomia, Społeczeństwo; 2021, 20/II; 9-25
2299-1263
2353-0987
Pojawia się w:
Przestrzeń, Ekonomia, Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bilingualism and cognitive reserve: It’s a matter of top-down or bottom-up process
Autorzy:
Rees, Jessica
Boutris, Panagiotis
Bevan, Brodie
Izura, Cristina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1120854.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
bilingualism
cognitive performance
Opis:
Cognitive performance declines with age following different trajectories. The cognitive trade-off, however, between age and cognitive reserve is still not clear. In addition, bilingualism has been thought to play a role in delaying cognitive decline by affecting cognitive control outside the scope of language. However, the effect has been unreliably reproduced and without exploring sufficiently the differences between cognitive functions that govern language control. In the current study 112 adults varying in age, level of bilingualism and cognitive reserve, completed a modified version of the Simon task, which engaged the mechanisms of interference suppression and shifting. Using ex-Gaussian analysis, the Simon effect was replicated in the normal component and the shifting effect was found in the exponential. Additional linear mixed-effects model analysis showed a significant “negative” effect of bilingualism on inhibition and a “positive” effect of cognitive reserve on shifting, both independent of age. Age affected similarly the speed of engagement of both executive functions irrespectively of language or cognitive background. Implications of a bilingual disadvantage and a beneficial effect of cognitive reserve during ageing are discussed.
Źródło:
Yearbook of the Poznań Linguistic Meeting; 2020, 6, 1; 113-158
2449-7525
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of the Poznań Linguistic Meeting
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Getting to the bottom of L2 listening instruction: Making a case for bottom-up activities
Autorzy:
Siegel, Joseph
Siegel, Aki
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/780987.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
listening pedagogy
bottom-up listening activities
dictation
listening proficiency
Opis:
This paper argues for the incorporation of bottom-up activities for English as a foreign language (EFL) listening. It discusses theoretical concepts and pedagogic options for addressing bottom-up aural processing in the EFL classroom as well as how and why teachers may wish to include such activities in lessons. This discussion is augmented by a small-scale classroom-based research project that investigated six activities targeting learners’ bottom-up listening abilities. Learners studying at the lower-intermediate level of a compulsory EFL university course were divided into a treatment group (n = 21) and a contrast group (n = 32). Each group listened to the same audio material and completed listening activities from an assigned textbook. The treatment group also engaged in a set of six bottom-up listening activities using the same material. This quasi-experimental study used dictation and listening proficiency tests before and after the course. Between-group comparisons of t-test results of dictation and listening proficiency tests indicated that improvements for the treatment group were probably due to the BU intervention. In addition, results from a posttreatment survey suggested that learners value explicit bottom- up listening instruction.
Źródło:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2015, 5, 4; 637-662
2083-5205
2084-1965
Pojawia się w:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Bottom-up Look at Mutual Trust and the Legal Practice of the Aranyosi Test
Autorzy:
Peristeridou, Christina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/40447322.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
detention conditions
European Arrest Warrant
mutual trust
Aranyosi
Opis:
This contribution offers an insight into the legal practice of the Aranyosi test during the EAW proceedings in seven Member States, an outcome of the research conducted during the ImprovEAW Project. Only the executing judicial authorities of some Member States do trigger the test. Member States are roughly differentiated between those having facilities with usually bad or usually good detention conditions, promoting antagonistic relationships instead of equal partnership. The lack of streamlining of the communication when supplementary information is requested, the lack of common standards and approach towards guarantees lead to further misunderstandings and frustration. The findings of this research have revealed the importance of departing from a pure legal understanding of mutual trust and follow a more empirical, experiential or bottom-up concept. Mutual trust is not only a legal concept, but it underpins the legal culture of the cooperation and collegial attitudes of authorities towards one another. This expression of mutual trust remains quite undiscovered: how is miscommunication affecting mutual trust? Do judicial authorities of legal systems express collegiality to one another? How do cultural aspects and preconceived ideas regarding the quality of other legal systems influence mutual trust? Accordingly, some suggestions have been made to improve the cooperation and the establishment of rapport when supplementary information is requested. Finally, I advocate for a more neutral view towards the Aranyosi test. As opposed to considering it as a supervisory mechanism, I have explored the idea of approaching it as a risk management tool: it tackles risks created by mutual trust. Such approach helps both sides to take responsibility to avert ad hoc risks, instead of experiencing Aranyosi as a testing moment. Such approach centres the real problem, i.e. the risks created by mutual trust for individuals and it can stimulate more proactive policy-making in this regard.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2023, 54, 3; 51-72
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sustainable Development in the Bottom-Up Approach – Selected Aspects
Zrównoważony rozwój w podejściu oddolnym – wybrane aspekty
Autorzy:
KUŹNIAK-KRÓL, Elżbieta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/435068.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-12-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Opolski
Tematy:
Socio-economic balance
environmental balance
sustainable development indicators
decentralization
równowaga społeczno-gospodarcza
równowaga środowiskowa
wskaźniki zrównoważonego rozwoju
decentralizacja
Opis:
Economy, society, environment and sometimes indicated institutional and political system – on these pillars is based the idea of sustainable development. The necessity for a global balance in these dimensions hinders the multidimensional approach of ideas. These difficulties increase when the attempt is taken on a macro scale. At that time, detailed monitoring of the performance of countries in terms of sustainability was started, which next would allow for some adjustments. These adjustments aim at identifying the achievable level of norms at the lower economic and social levels, thus creating a more matched system. In this paper was presented selected aspects of sustainable development in the form of indicators, which are referring to Poland in comparison with the maximum, minimum and average results achieved in the European Union. Presenting and analyzing data by identifying disparities between regions is to contribute ultimately to achieve the article goal, that is to confirm the need to introduce appropriate levels of standards in a way that is more matched to the situation of the area and not purely from above, covering larger territories.
Gospodarka, społeczeństwo, środowisko, a czasem nawet i ustrój instytucjonalno-polityczny – to na tych filarach oparta została idea zrównoważonego rozwoju. Potrzeba wprowadzenia równowagi globalnej na tych płaszczyznach utrudnia wielowymiarowe podejście idei. Trudności te powiększają się, gdy próba zostaje podjęta w skali makro. Wówczas to zaczęto szczegółowego monitorować efektywności działania krajów w aspekcie zrównoważonego rozwoju, co w następstwie pozwolić powinno na wprowadzanie pewnych korekt. Korekty te mają na celu określenie osiągalnego poziomu norm na niższych szczeblach gospodarczo-społecznych, a więc stworzenie bardziej dopasowanego systemu. W niniejszym opracowaniu przedstawione zostały niektóre aspekty zrównoważonego rozwoju w formie wskaźnikowej, jakie kształtują się na obszarze Polski w zestawieniu z wynikami maksymalnymi, minimalnymi i średnimi osiąganymi w Unii Europejskiej. Prezentacja i analiza danych poprzez wskazanie dysproporcji między regionami ma przyczynić się w efekcie do osiągnięcia celu opracowania, jakim jest potwierdzenie potrzeby wprowadzania poziomów odpowiednich norm w sposób bardziej dopasowany do sytuacji danego obszaru, nie zaś w sposób czysto odgórny, obejmujący większe terytoria.
Źródło:
Economic and Environmental Studies; 2017, 17, 44; 849-863
1642-2597
2081-8319
Pojawia się w:
Economic and Environmental Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bottom-up peace-building: Local engagement in resolving conflicts
Lokalna ludność a pokój i rozwiązywanie konfliktów
Autorzy:
Samson, Zuzanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2194442.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
local engagement
Somaliland
Democratic Republic of Congo
Colombia
war
peace-building
ludność lokalna
Demokratyczna Republika Konga
Kolumbia
wojna
budowanie pokoju
Opis:
The article discusses how local engagement can contribute to preventing or ceasing ongoing conflicts. By the comparative analysis of three case studies – Somaliland, the Idjwi island in eastern Congo and Colombia, the author examines what methods do the local inhabitants use in order to successfully maintain peace and build a coherent society. The research on a bottom-up approach may supplement the strategies implemented by the international organisations of peace-building or peace-keeping missions, which usually neglect the engagement of local society and thus do not ensure sustainable peace.
Artykuł bada, w jaki sposób zaangażowanie ludności lokalnej może przysłużyć się powstrzymywaniu lub rozwiązywaniu aktualnie trwających konfliktów. Autorka rozpatruje metody, dzięki którym mieszkańcy skutecznie tworzą spójne i pokojowo współżyjące społeczeństwo, analizując porównawczo trzy przykłady – Somalilandu, wyspy Idjwi w wschodnim Kongo oraz wiejskich społeczności w Kolumbii. Badania nad lokalnym zaangażowaniem mogą uzupełnić aktualne strategie budowania i utrzymywania pokoju wprowadzane przez organizacje międzynarodowe, które bardzo często pomijają ten aspekt, a w efekcie nie zapewniają długotrwałego pokoju.
Źródło:
Świat Idei i Polityki; 2018, 17; 25-54
1643-8442
Pojawia się w:
Świat Idei i Polityki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The market model of CDO spreads
Autorzy:
Gątarek, D.
Petrov, V.
Stavrou, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/206047.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Badań Systemowych PAN
Tematy:
CDO pricing
Marshall-Olkin copula
bottom-up approach
Opis:
In this paper we present a new arbitrage-free bottomup model of correlated defaults, based on a special approach to systematic and idiosyncratic risks for individual obligors. The model admits several attractive features, like consistency with currency and interest rate models, as well as numerical tractability and flexibility, making it capable to fit the market for practically all self consistent CDO tranche prices. Its background is rather remote from other approaches, like copulas and point processes, so our presentation is detailed.
Źródło:
Control and Cybernetics; 2015, 44, 1; 149-162
0324-8569
Pojawia się w:
Control and Cybernetics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Improving reading fluency and comprehension in adult ESL learners using bottom-up and top-down vocabulary training
Autorzy:
Oliver, Rhonda
Young, Shahreen
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/780685.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
reading fluency
comprehension
isolated word training
bottom-up strategy
context word training
top-down strategy
Opis:
The current research examines the effect of two methods of vocabulary training on reading fluency and comprehension of adult English as second language (ESL) tertiary-bound students. The methods used were isolated vocabulary training (bottom-up reading) and vocabulary training in context (topdown reading). The current exploratory and quasi-experimental study examines the effectiveness of these methods in two intact classes using pre- and posttest measures of students’ reading fluency and comprehension. The results show that bottom-up training had a negative impact on fluency and comprehension. In contrast, top-down training positively affected fluency but had no impact on comprehension. Further, the results do suggest that fast-paced reading may potentially lead to improved comprehension. These findings have implications for the type of language instruction used in classrooms and, therefore, for teachers of adult ESL learners.
Źródło:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2016, 6, 1; 111-133
2083-5205
2084-1965
Pojawia się w:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modification of PLGA microspheres’ microstructure for application as cell carriers in modular tissue engineering
Autorzy:
Mielan, B.
Krok-Borkowicz, M.
Pielichowska, K.
Pamuła, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/285127.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Polskie Towarzystwo Biominerałów
Tematy:
regenerative medicine
cell cultures
bottom-up
PLGA
emulsification
Opis:
Microspheres (MS) made of resorbable polymer have been proposed as a cell growth support. They may be assembled to form cell constructs or be suspended in hydrogels allowing injection into injury location. High relative surface area of MS provides more efficient cell culture environment than traditional culture on flat substrates (multiwell plates, Petri dishes). In addition, MS structure, topography and surface chemistry can be modified to promote cell adhesion and proliferation. The aim of this study was to obtain resorbable poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) MS and to modify their properties by changing manufacturing conditions of the oil-in-water emulsification to better control structural and microstructural properties of MS and their biological performance. To this end, water phase was modified by addition of NaCl to change ionic strength, while oil phase by addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG). Microstructural and thermal properties were assessed. Cytocompatibility tests and cell cultures with MG-63 cells were conducted to verify potential relevance of MS as cell carriers. The results showed that it is possible to obtain cytocompatible MS by oil-in-water emulsification method and to control diameter, porosity and crystallinity of MS with the use of additives to oil and/or water phases without negative changes in MS cytocompatibility. The results prove that modification of both phases make it possible to produce MS with desired/controllable properties like surface topography, porosity and crystallinity.
Źródło:
Engineering of Biomaterials; 2017, 20, 140; 7-11
1429-7248
Pojawia się w:
Engineering of Biomaterials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Integrated development plan – connecting architectural design and spatial planning
Zintegrowany plan inwestycyjny – sprzężenie projektowania architektonicznego i planowania przestrzennego
Autorzy:
Wardęski, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27313960.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Tematy:
integrated design
integrated development plan
spatial planning
architectural design
bottom-up integration
projektowanie zintegrowane
zintegrowany plan inwestycyjny
planowanie przestrzenne
projektowanie architektoniczne
integracja bottom-up
Opis:
The integrated investment plan is to be, after the amendment of the Act on Spatial Planning and Development, a new tool allowing for the development of urbanization opportunities initiated by private and institutional entities. This paper traces the background of design theory in terms of interdisciplinary integration mechanisms within spatial disciplines, and examines how ZPI can use these mechanisms. An initial attempt at a critical assessment and perspectives that emerge in connection with the expected introduction of this legal regulation was made, thus commenting on one of the first ways of legally sanctioned initiation of planning regulations by organized urban or architectural design.
Zintegrowany plan inwestycyjny ma być, po nowelizacji ustawy o planowaniu i zagospodarowaniu przestrzennym, nowym narzędziem pozwalającym na wypracowywanie możliwości urbanizacji inicjowanych przez podmioty prywatne i instytucjonalne. W niniejszej pracy prześledzono tło teorii projektowania pod kątem mechanizmów integracji wewnątrz dyscyplinarnej, w obrębie dyscyplin zajmujących się przestrzenią, a także zbadano w jaki sposób ZPI może te mechanizmy wykorzystywać. Podjęto wstępną próbę oceny krytycznej oraz perspektyw, które rysują się w związku ze spodziewanym wprowadzeniem tej regulacji prawnej, w ten sposób komentując jeden z pierwszych sposobów prawnie usankcjonowanego inicjowania regulacji planistycznych przez zorganizowane projektowanie urbanistyczne lub architektoniczne.
Źródło:
Przestrzeń i Forma; 2023, 54; 121--136
1895-3247
2391-7725
Pojawia się w:
Przestrzeń i Forma
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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