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Tytuł:
Diagnostics and scaling of fusion-produced neutrons in PF experiments
Autorzy:
Schmidt, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146622.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
neutron emission
plasma focus
scaling laws
neutron diagnostics
nuclear fusion
Opis:
Neutrons from a plasma focus (PF) device operated in a deuterium gas, measured as a function of time, location and direction of emission, reveal quite a number of important parameters on fusion reactions occurring in the dense high-current phase of the experiment. In addition the determination of the energy spectra of the emitted neutrons is important for understanding the mechanisms taking place for the neutron production. Results of neutron measurements in large experiments such as the former POSEIDON experiment in Stuttgart and the PF-1000 experiment in Warsaw are presented. The neutron diagnostic methods that had been utilized include nuclear track detectors, plastic scintillators coupled to photomultipliers, activation measurements, time-of-flight methods as well as pinholes for spatial resolution of the neutron source. The well known scaling law according to which the neutron yield scales roughly as the square of the energy input or the fourth power of the current is discussed. Reasons for strong deviation from this law for high energies - known as the saturation effect - are still a subject of debate.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2011, 56, 2; 107-112
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On the influence of gas puff loads on plasma focus dynamics
Autorzy:
Schmidt, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/971523.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
computer modelling
gas puffing
nuclear fusion
nuclear reactions
plasma focus
Z-pinch
Opis:
The plasma focus is a source of pulsed radiation, which is of interest in various fields of physics and technology. Applications include soft X-ray microscopy, soft X-ray and electron beam lithography. The plasma focus is also a highly efficient source of fast neutrons. If one applies gas puffing instead of static filling, decoupling of plasma conditions in the breakdown and compression phases can be achieved. Results of experiments with a fast valve and accompanying 2D modelling of the dynamic gas target are presented. Among other advantages of gas puffing, neutron yield could be increased up to a factor of three in appropriate experiments. The concept of gas puffing has been extensively investigated in many Z-pinch experiments including multiple gas puffs. It seems desirable to increase the efforts to understand and optimise the gas puffing option for small and large plasma focus devices.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2001, 46, 1; 15-19
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Response to cadmium depends on iron-status
Autorzy:
Tracz, K.
Schmidt, H.
Clemens, S.
Antosiewicz, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/81231.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
conference
cadmium
tomato plant
nicotianamine synthase
transgenic plant
iron-deficient condition
Źródło:
BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology; 2013, 94, 2
0860-7796
Pojawia się w:
BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Studies on the management of textile floor covering waste
Badania nad zagospodarowaniem odpadów włókienniczych pokryć podłogowych
Autorzy:
Cieślak, M.
Schmidt, H.
Gromadzińska, E.
Wróbel, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/258278.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Eksploatacji - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
włókiennicze pokrycie podłogowe
WPP
odpady
recykling
textile floor covering
TFC
waste
recycling
Opis:
Textile floor covering waste (TFC) is a complex material, and, to a great extent, non-degradable: therefore, it should not be disposed in landfill sites. The paper discusses some developments connected with the management of this type of waste implemented in the USA, the EU countries and also describes the current situation in Poland. Mechanical recycling of various types of TFC, including the segregation and disintegration of waste has been investigated and the screen analysis of the recycled products has been carried out.
Odpady włókienniczych pokryć podłogowych (WPP) są materiałami złożonymi i w zdecydowanej większości trudno degradowalnymi, nie powinny więc trafiać na składowiska. W artykule przedstawiono rozwiązania związane z ich zagospodarowaniem, stosowane w Stanach Zjednoczonych, krajach Unii Europejskiej oraz aktualną sytuację w kraju. Przeprowadzono badania mechanicznego recyklingu różnych rodzajów WPP, obejmujące segregację i rozdrobnienie opadów oraz analizę sitową uzyskanych recyklatów.
Źródło:
Problemy Eksploatacji; 2006, 2; 181-191
1232-9312
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Eksploatacji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Electrical, Electromechanical and Piezoelectric Properties of Ca₃TaGa₃Si₂O₁₄ Resonators at Elevated Temperatures
Autorzy:
Suhak, Yu.
Schulz, M.
Sotnikov, A.
Schmidt, H.
Fritze, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1030925.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-04
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
77.65.Bn
77.84.-s
43.58.Bh
07.20.Ka
Opis:
The electrical conductivity, resonance frequency and piezoelectric strain constants are determined for ordered piezoelectric Ca₃TaGa₃Si₂O₁₄ (CTGS) single crystals from room temperature to 900°C. The latter result from three independent methods, namely resonant, ultrasonic pulse-echo, and laser Doppler vibrometry techniques, which allows validating the results. Further, the long-term behaviour of fundamental materials properties including electrical conductivity and resonance frequency are examined at 1000°C for CTGS crystals, grown by different manufacturers. After an initial period of about 500 h, the conductivity is found to remain nearly constant for at least 1500 h. In a period of 2000-5000 h a decrease of conductivity by only 20% is observed. The resonance frequency is found to decrease almost linearly in a period of 500-5000 h for all investigated samples.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2018, 133, 4; 1069-1073
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Simulation of direct-sequence spread spectrum data transmission system for reliable underwater acoustic communications
Autorzy:
Kochańska, Iwona
Schmidt, Jan H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/128008.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Politechnika Poznańska. Instytut Mechaniki Stosowanej
Tematy:
underwater acoustic communications
UAC
direct sequence spread spectrum
DSSS
PRBS
akustyczna komunikacja podwodna
bezpośrednie modulowanie nośnej sekwencją kodową
pseudolosowa sekwencja bitów
Opis:
Underwater acoustic communication (UAC) system designers tend to transmit as much information as possible, per unit of time, at as low as possible error rate. It is a particularly difficult task in a shallow underwater channel in which the signal suffers from strong time dispersion due to multipath propagation and refraction phenomena. The direct-sequence spread spectrum technique (DSSS) applied successfully in the latest standards of wireless communications, gives the chance of reliable data transmission with an acceptable error rate in a shallow underwater channel. It utilizes pseudo-random sequences to modulate data signals, and thus increases the transmitted signal resilience against the inter symbol interference (ISI) caused by multipath propagation. This paper presents the results of simulation tests of DSSS data transmission with the use of different UAC channel models using binary spreading sequences.
Źródło:
Vibrations in Physical Systems; 2019, 30, 1; 1-8
0860-6897
Pojawia się w:
Vibrations in Physical Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modeling of KERENA emergency condenser
Autorzy:
Bryk, R.
Schmidt, H.
Mull, T.
Wagner, T.
Ganzmann, I.
Herbst, O.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/240358.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
condensation
Kerena
emergency condenser
Modelica
OpenModelica
kondensacja
kondensator awaryjny
Opis:
KERENA is an innovative boiling water reactor concept equipped with several passive safety systems. For the experimental verification of performance of the systems and for codes validation, the Integral Test Stand Karlstein (INKA) was built in Karlstein, Germany. The emergency condenser (EC) system transfers heat from the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) to the core flooding pool in case of water level decrease in the RPV. EC is composed of a large number of slightly inclined tubes. During accident conditions, steam enters into the tubes and condenses due to the contact of the tubes with cold water at the secondary side. The condensed water flows then back to the RPV due to gravity. In this paper two approaches for modeling of condensation in slightly inclined tubes are compared and verified against experiments. The first approach is based on the flow regime map. Depending on the regime, heat transfer coefficient is calculated according to specific semi-empirical correlation. The second approach uses a general, fully-empirical correlation. The models are developed with utilization of the object-oriented Modelica language and the open-source OpenModelica environment. The results are compared with data obtained during a large scale integral test, simulating loss of coolant accident performed at Integral Test Stand Karlstein (INKA). The comparison shows a good agreement. Due to the modularity of models, both of them may be used in the future in systems incorporating condensation in horizontal or slightly inclined tubes. Depending on his preferences, the modeller may choose one-equation based approach or more sophisticated model composed of several exchangeable semi-empirical correlations.
Źródło:
Archives of Thermodynamics; 2017, 38, 4; 29--51
1231-0956
2083-6023
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Thermodynamics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Gamma radiolytic stability of CyMe4BTBP and the effect of nitric acid
Autorzy:
Schmidt, H.
Wilden, A.
Modolo, G.
Švehla, J.
Grüner, B.
Ekberg, C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148662.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
CyMe4BTBP
gamma radiolysis
liquid-liquid extraction
nitric acid
partitioning
protective effect
Opis:
The highly selective nitrogen donor ligand CyMe4BTBP for An(III) separation by solvent extraction was irradiated in a 60Co γ-source under varying conditions. Organic solutions of 10 mmol/L ligand in 1-octanol were contacted with different concentrations of nitric acid to observe the influence of an aqueous phase during irradiation. In subsequent liquid-liquid extraction experiments, distribution ratios of 241Am and 152Eu were determined. Distribution ratios decreased with increasing absorbed dose when irradiation was performed in the absence of nitric acid. With addition of nitric acid, initial distribution ratios remained constant over the whole examined dose range up to 300 kGy. For qualitative determination of radiolysis products, HPLC-MS measurements were performed. The protective effect of nitric acid was confi rmed, since in samples irradiated with acid contact, no degradation products were observed, but only addition products of the 1-octanol molecule to the CyMe4BTBP molecule.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2015, 60, No. 4, part 2; 879-884
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Underwater acoustic communication system using broadband signal with hyperbolically modulated frequency
Autorzy:
Schmidt, Jan H.
Schmidt, Aleksander M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2146694.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Politechnika Poznańska. Instytut Mechaniki Stosowanej
Tematy:
underwater acoustic communication
shallow water
hyperbolic modulation frequency signals
akustyczna komunikacja podwodna
wody płytkie
hiperboliczna modulacja sygnałów częstotliwościowych
Opis:
The implementation of reliable acoustic underwater communication in shallow waters is a scientific and engineering challenge, mainly due to the permanent occurrence of the multipath phenomenon. The article presents the concept of a transmission system using a broadband signal with hyperbolically modulated frequency (HFM) to transmit data symbols and synchronize data frames. The simulation tests were carried out in channels with Rician fading, reflecting the short- and medium-range shallow water channels. The simulation also took into account the presence of additive Gaussian noise in the channel on the functioning of the receiver. The obtained results prove the high reliability of the underwater communication system based on broadband HFM signals.
Źródło:
Vibrations in Physical Systems; 2021, 32, 1; art. no. 2021116
0860-6897
Pojawia się w:
Vibrations in Physical Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Synchronization system for underwater acoustic communications using in shallow waters
Autorzy:
Schmidt, Jan H.
Schmidt, Aleksander M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24201990.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Politechnika Poznańska. Instytut Mechaniki Stosowanej
Tematy:
synchronization system
underwater acoustic communications
shallow water
układy synchronizacji
akustyczna komunikacja podwodna
wody płytkie
Opis:
A reliable synchronization system of the transmitted data frame has a significant impact on the efficiency of the underwater communication system. This applies in particular to communication systems dedicated to work in shallow waters, where the phenomenon of multipath permanently occurs. To overcome these difficulties, the concept of a synchronization system consisting of two broadband signals of opposite monotonicity was presented. The method of receiving these signals has been described in detail. The stochastic channel model with Rician fading and the Watermark simulator was used to test the efficiency of the synchronization system in the underwater multipath channel.
Źródło:
Vibrations in Physical Systems; 2023, 34, 1; art. no. 2023102
0860-6897
Pojawia się w:
Vibrations in Physical Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Savings Banks and Cooperative Banks in European Banking Systems
Autorzy:
Schmidt, Reinhard H.
Bülbül, Dilek
Schüwer, Ulrich
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/485173.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Bankowy Fundusz Gwarancyjny
Tematy:
Savings banks, Cooperative banks, Banking system
Banki oszczędnościowe, Banki spółdzielcze, System bankowy
Opis:
Until about 25 years ago, almost all European countries had a so-called "three pillar" banking system comprising private banks, public savings banks and (mutual) cooperative banks. Since that time, several European countries have implemented far-reaching changes in their banking systems, which have more than anything else affected the two "pillars" of the savings and cooperative banks. The paper first describes these changes and points out the specific situation in Germany, as this country is almost unique in so far as the German savings banks and cooperative banks have maintained most of their traditional features. The article then describes the structure of the German "Three-Pillar" banking system and the place and role of savings and cooperative banks in it and concludes with a plea for diversity of institutional forms of banks by arguing why it is important to safeguard the strengths of those types of banks that do not conform to the model of a large shareholder-oriented commercial bank.
Źródło:
Bezpieczny Bank; 2014, 2(55); 38-49
1429-2939
Pojawia się w:
Bezpieczny Bank
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Shallow Water Experiment of OFDM Underwater Acoustic Communications
Autorzy:
Kochańska, Iwona
Schmidt, Jan H.
Marszal, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/177592.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
underwater acoustic communications
UAC
orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
OFDM
Opis:
The large variability of communication properties of underwater acoustic channels, and especially the strongly varying instantaneous conditions in shallow waters, is a challenge for the designers of underwater acoustic communication (UAC) systems. The use of phase modulated signals does not allow reliable data transmission through such a tough communication channel. However, orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), being a multi-carrier amplitude and phase modulation technique applied successfully in the latest standards of wireless communications, gives the chance of reliable communication with an acceptable error rate. This paper describes communication tests conducted with the use of a laboratory model of an OFDM data transmission system in a shallow water environment in Wdzydze Lake.
Źródło:
Archives of Acoustics; 2020, 45, 1; 11-18
0137-5075
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Acoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Performance of coherent modulation scheme used in acoustic underwater communication system
Autorzy:
Schmidt, Jan H.
Schmidt, Aleksander M.
Kochańska, Iwona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/127757.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Politechnika Poznańska. Instytut Mechaniki Stosowanej
Tematy:
underwater acoustic communications
shallow underwater channel
coherent modulation
akustyczna komunikacja podwodna
płytki kanał podwodny
modulacja koherentna
Opis:
The development of an acoustic underwater communication system for shallow waters is still a big scientific and construction challenge. Currently, non-coherent modulations in combination with strong channel coding are used to achieve reliable communication with low rate in such a channel. To obtain transmission with a higher transmission rate, it is required to use coherent modulation. This paper presents the assumptions of such a transmission system and the results of data transmission carried out by this system in the channel with the Rician fading, which reflects the short range shallow water channel. A digital version of the carrier phase modulation known as Phase-Shift Keying was selected for simulation.
Źródło:
Vibrations in Physical Systems; 2019, 30, 1; 1-8
0860-6897
Pojawia się w:
Vibrations in Physical Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Performance of the Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Underwater Acoustic Communication System with Differential Detection in Strong Multipath Propagation Conditions
Autorzy:
Schmidt, Jan H.
Kochańska, Iwona
Schmidt, Aleksander M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31339747.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
direct sequence spread spectrum
DSSS
m-sequences
Kasami codes
shallow-water channel
multipath propagation
underwater acoustic communications
UAC
Opis:
The underwater acoustic communication (UAC) operating in very shallow-water should ensure reliable transmission in conditions of strong multipath propagation, significantly disturbing the received signal. One of the techniques to achieve this goal is the direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) technique, which consists in binary phase shift keying (BPSK) according to a pseudo-random spreading sequence. This paper describes the DSSS data transmission tests in the simulation and experimental environment, using different types of pseudo-noise sequences: m-sequences and Kasami codes of the order 6 and 8. The transmitted signals are of different bandwidth and the detection at the receiver side was performed using two detection methods: non-differential and differential. The performed experiments allowed to draw important conclusions for the designing of a physical layer of the shallow-water UAC system. Both, m-sequences and Kasami codes allow to achieve a similar bit error rate, which at best was less than 10−3. At the same time, the 6th order sequences are not long enough to achieve an acceptable BER under strong multipath conditions. In the case of transmission of wideband signals the differential detection algorithm allows to achieve a significantly better BER (less than 10−2) than nondifferential one (BER not less than 10−1). In the case of narrowband signals the simulation tests have shown that the non-differential algorithm gives a better BER, but experimental tests under conditions of strong multipath propagation did not confirm it. The differential algorithm allowed to achieve a BER less than 10−2 in experimental tests, while the second algorithm allowed to obtain, at best, a BER less than 10−1. In addition, two indicators have been proposed for a rough assessment which of the detection algorithms under current propagation conditions in the channel will allow to obtain a better BER.
Źródło:
Archives of Acoustics; 2024, 49, 1; 129-140
0137-5075
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Acoustics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 35

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