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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 155
Tytuł:
Building Brazil back
Odbudowywanie Brazylii
Autorzy:
Dowbor, Ladislau
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/23202396.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-11-24
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Instytut Studiów Iberyjskich i Iberoamerykańskich
Tematy:
Brazil
productive inclusion
financing policies
management rationalization
democratization
Opis:
In this paper, we present an overview of the main lines of action in order to reshape the society in Brazil so that it is economically viable, socially just and environmentally sus-tainable. The proposals are divided into four pillars: 1) productive inclusion, focusing in particular on our main challenge, inequality; 2) the financial mechanisms, focusing on the necessary financial policy measures so that the resources serve development; 3) modernization of management and decision-making processes that are currently inoperative, in the sense of decentralization and community empowerment, taking advantage of network connectivity; 4) rethinking the political base of support to the new dynamics of inclusive development.
Źródło:
Ameryka Łacińska. Kwartalnik analityczno-informacyjny; 2022, 30, 3 (117); 7-32
1506-8900
2081-1152
Pojawia się w:
Ameryka Łacińska. Kwartalnik analityczno-informacyjny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Occupational Health in Brazil
Autorzy:
Facci, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/90151.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
Brazil data
historical review
occupational medicine
occupational health
Brazilian occupational physicians
occupational health in Brazil
Brazylia
przegląd historyczny
medycyna pracy
higiena pracy
Opis:
The author presents a review of the history of occupational health in Brazil, concerning the last 3 centuries. This period was divided into (a) slave labour, (b) immigrant labour, and (c) industrial labour. The author shows the early occupational diseases, pioneering occupational physicians and Brazilian laws on the subject. The creation of Fundacentro (Brazilian Foundation of Occupational Health and Safety) and the foundation of the Brazilian Association on Occupational Medicine (ANAMT) are described as well as their activities. The author concludes the article by showing the importance of the actions of the Ministry of Labour, the Ministry of Health, and the Ministry of Social Security for the development of occupational health in Brazil.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2001, 7, 4; 493-506
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Whatever Happened To Brazil?
Autorzy:
Dowbor, Ladislau
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1833792.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-10-21
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Opis:
Under Lula and Dilma, during the 2003-2013 decade that the World Bank called “the Golden Decade of Brazil”, we had simultaneously economic growth, social inclusion, environment protection and job expansion. With no deficit and very low inflation, and all despite the turbulence of the 2008 crisis. The onslaught on the inclusive policies started in 2014, Dilma was ousted through a thinly disguised coup in 2016, ex-president Lula was jailed for the time of the 2018 election, won by Jair Bolsonaro. Since the old oligarchies and corporate interests took over, the economy is stalled, unemployment has doubled, the Amazon is being cut down, child mortality is growing. The pandemic deepened an already general economic and social crisis. The aim of this paper is to present an overview of what went wrong, centering not on the pandemic itself, but on the deeper structural change that reversed the inclusive growth model of the popular governments. This involves the economy, but also technological, social and political change. The overall thesis is that inclusive development works, austerity does not.
Źródło:
Society Register; 2021, 5, 3; 17-36
2544-5502
Pojawia się w:
Society Register
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Street children in Brazil
Autorzy:
Marriman, Sharon
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/485956.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Źródło:
Revista del CESLA. International Latin American Studies Review; 2002, 3; 86-92
1641-4713
Pojawia się w:
Revista del CESLA. International Latin American Studies Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Competition and Diffusion of Telecommunication Services: The Multimedia Communication Services in Brazil
Autorzy:
Rauen, C. V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/307604.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Łączności - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
Brazil
broadband
competition regulation
international experiences
Opis:
This paper aims to discuss the recent trends in the regulation of telecom services regarding the diffusion of broadband. To this matter, it compares the recent international competition regulation experiences to the Brazilian scenario. Considering that the telecom sector passed through huge technological and structural transformations in the last decades (from typical voice communications to convergent services based on broadband, and from voice services monopoly to multiple services oligopoly), its regulatory framework has also changed. Lately, several countries - such as the United States, the Netherlands, Korea and Chile - have established inter and intra-platform competition regulations in order to expand the access to the new forms of communications based on broadband. In Brazil, such mechanisms are not fully explored, and the country has lots of areas in which there is no competition in broadband services (known as multimedia communication services). As a result, Brazil has one of the highest prices of broadband services and one of the lowest levels of broadband penetration. In this way and considering international success in expanding services through competition, the paper defends that such mechanisms should be reinforced in the Brazilian broadband market.
Źródło:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology; 2012, 4; 22-30
1509-4553
1899-8852
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The future of social security in Brazil: is there a way without solidarity?
Autorzy:
Bernardi, Renato
Pancotti, Heloísa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1834992.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
social security
solidarity
pandemic
Brazil
Opis:
Brazilian Social Security System is based in intergeneracional solidarity. It means that today’s taxpayers maintain active pensions and need future taxpayers to sustain future pensions. There is no individual investment account and the actuarial health of the system depends on economic and populational growth to maintain itself. Economic crisis, socio- political context, gave rise to successive reforms intended to hinder access and reduce the amount of paid benefits. When the pandemic hit Brazil, and workers needed to activate social security to ganrantee income in the face of non-essential activities block, they found a bleack scenario in a dismantled protective system.
Źródło:
Studia Prawnicze: rozprawy i materiały; 2021, (28), 1; 43-60
1689-8052
2451-0807
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawnicze: rozprawy i materiały
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
SOCIAL ASSISTANCE IN BRAZIL. UNTAPPED POTENTIAL OF CITIZEN PARTICIPATION?
Autorzy:
Cardoso Cekiera e Sousa, Chantal
Butowski, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/643012.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Fundacja Copernicus na rzecz Rozwoju Badań Naukowych
Tematy:
Brazil
social programs
social assistance
Bolsa Familia
citizens’ participation
Opis:
Brazil, the biggest country in South America creates the image of boundless land with unlimited richness of cultural diversity on a large scale. But its also creates big and very complicated social problems, which need to be solved. There is this huge number of citizens, who participate exclusively in poverty, hunger, misery, deprivation and violence.This article shows that the history of the assistance was complicated and not linear, often inhibited its development due to certain historical events as a military dictatorship, which really slowed development. The Brazilian social policy was perceived as very inefficient and ineffective in fighting poverty. The article aims to trace the historical and current social assistance programs in Brazil.There was practically no state-run social policy. Only in the era of industrialization workers' rights were implemented because of the fear of revolution and strikes. Social rights, as provision of housing or facilities for education and health care services were only applied to the formally employed – mostly male – urban, industrial proletariat. The biggest group of agricultural labourers (the overwhelming majority of the wage-dependent population as well as the majority of women) and unclassified workers were excluded from these benefits. Help was received by the group that the regime considered as dangerous.  Social resistance against the dictatorial rule was growing.It all started to change when the capital accumulation led to the creation of factories. In particular, the low human capital development was seen as a major cause of long-term poverty. New subjects like trade unions, active members of the middle class, the Catholic Church led to a public debate, the effect of which became a climate conducive to the adoption of the Constitution of 1988. Article 6 says that education, health, work, housing, leisure, security, social security, protection of motherhood and children, help for the poor and are  social rights under the terms of this Constitution (Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil). This political agenda clearly pushed for the expansion and decentralization of public social spending. It has become a base for the social safety net. The solution for the problem became Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) programs. Bolsa–Escola, Comunidade Solidária Program, Alfabetização Solidária Program and finally Bolsa Familia aim to reduce poverty by making welfare programs conditional upon the receivers' actions. The assumption of purpose of these programs is to interrupt the inter-generational transmission of poverty. It can be also assumed that the aim of the Brazilian authorities was to achieve the effect of empowerment. The well-defined cashflows have resulted in the emergence of the phenomenon of empowerment, which has greatly raised the efficiency of social policy.
Źródło:
The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies; 2016, 2
2299-4335
Pojawia się w:
The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Spatial distribution and trophic structure of bird’s communities of Atlantic Forest fragments in Brazil
Autorzy:
Dario, Fabio Rossano
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1031458.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Atlantic forest
Brazil
avifauna
bird
ecology
trophic guild
Opis:
We analyzed the differences in composition, richness, and abundance of birds in forest fragments of the Atlantic Forest in the São Paulo State, Brazil, and we demonstrated the variations in richness and abundance of birds between different trophic guilds. We used point counts to characterize the avifauna. Sampling was conducted in two seasons: summer and winter of 2020 in a total of 18 hours distributed in 54 samples. A total of 544 contacts were obtained, belonging to 144 bird species distributed among 22 orders and 45 families and categorized in 18 trophic guilds. The omnivores and insectivores birds composed most of the community, occupying the edge and different strata of the forest such as canopy and understory. For each species, we calculated the abundance index value that showed our study site had a large number of species with low index and few species with intermediate to high index compared to the pattern observed in other surveys. Our study area was characterized by high species diversity for both periods studied. The Shannon-Weaver diversity index for our study areas was 4.62. Equitability was high, 0.92, suggesting the number of species registered in our study site represented the maximum capacity the areas can shelter. Our results show that despite being a secondary and fragmented forest the study area was characterized by a diverse avian community. Although the anthropized forest environments are fragmented and isolated by degraded areas and occupied by pastures, agricultural and urban areas, they are important natural environments to maintain bird diversity.
Źródło:
World News of Natural Sciences; 2021, 35; 1-24
2543-5426
Pojawia się w:
World News of Natural Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Diversity and trophic structure of bird’s communities from a Restinga forest in Brazil
Autorzy:
Dario, Fabio Rossano
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1840774.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Atlantic forest
avifauna
bird
Brazil
ecology
Restinga
trophic guild
Opis:
The forests along Brazil’s Atlantic coast have undergone extensive transformation from clearing for pastures, eucalyptus forests, agricultural crops, and urban expansion. In this study we described the avian community in a coastal Restinga Forest near the city of Ubatuba, in the São Paulo State, Brazil. The method used to sample the avifauna specimens was the technique of observations per point-counts, and random observations were also carried. The bird’s observations were realized in 84 days during all four seasons out between the years 2005 and 2007 and were registered 142 bird species distributed among 18 orders and 41 families and categorized in 17 trophic guilds. The omnivores and insectivores birds composed most of the community, occupying the edge and different strata of the forest such as canopy and understory. The great abundance of omnivores birds may be directly related to the abundant fruit resources, and also with the great abundance of understory insectivores are indication of the good environmental quality of the studied area.
Źródło:
World News of Natural Sciences; 2021, 38; 158-180
2543-5426
Pojawia się w:
World News of Natural Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Problem of Organized Crime in the South American Tri-Border Area: Paraguay, Brazil and Argentina
Autorzy:
Kosmynka, Stanisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1023019.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Tri-Border Area
Argentina
Brazil
Paraguay
security
criminality
terrorism
Opis:
The paper shows mechanisms and manifestations of the challenges for the security in the South American Tri-Border Area (Paraguay, Brazil and Argentina). It analyses the background of the activity of chosen organized crime and terrorist groups in this region. The article refers to some social and economic conditions for the spread of violence and illegal business in the area. It is focused on the most important dimensions of these problems and on the strategy implemented by South American governments to fight and prevent organized crime. The paper shows how the security forces deal with the threat and evaluate the impact of these efforts.
Źródło:
International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; 2020, 25, 1; 9-28
1641-4233
2300-8695
Pojawia się w:
International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Angola–Brazil Bilateral Investment Treaty: an introduction to its dispute settlement mechanism
Autorzy:
Alcici, Lucas Moreira
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1834991.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
Angola–Brazil BIT
foreign investment
expropriation
dispute settlement
State-State arbitration
Opis:
This article presents an overview of the Angola–Brazil BIT and briefly analyses the dispute settlement mechanism for investment disputes provided for by that agreement. The ratification of the BIT by Brazil a few years ago means that Brazilian investors are now able to seek protection to their investments in Angola through the bilateral dispute settlement mechanism established by the BIT. Although Investor-State arbitration is not envisaged in the agreement, Brazilian investors can request Brazil to act on their behalf bringing their claims before the Joint Committee for conciliation and, if this proves unsuccessful, initiating State-State arbitration proceedings against Angola.
Źródło:
Studia Prawnicze: rozprawy i materiały; 2021, (28), 1; 71-77
1689-8052
2451-0807
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawnicze: rozprawy i materiały
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The bivalve Pinna cretacea [Schlotheim, 1813] from the Cretaceous of Brazil
Autorzy:
Seeling, J
Bengtson, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20577.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Tematy:
Sergipe Basin
Cretaceous
Bivalvia
Brazil
biogeography
Pinna cretacea
rock
macroinvertebrate
taxonomy
bivalve
paleontology
Opis:
The bivalve Pinna cretacea (Schlotheim, 1813) is described from the Cenomanian–Coniacian Cotinguiba Formation of the Sergipe Basin, north−eastern Brazil, and its mode of life and palaeobiogeographic distribution discussed. The specimens are generally found in life position with their articulated anterior (umbonal) end embedded vertically in the substrate, in analogy with Recent forms. Two representatives of the family Pinnidae Leach, 1819, are recognized in the Cretaceous of Brazil; besides P. cretacea, which is also known from the Albian of the Camamu Basin (Bahia), Atrina reginamaris (Maury, 1930) occurs in the Maastrichtian of the Pernambuco−Paraíba Basin.
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2003, 48, 3
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polish citizens in Brazil
Autorzy:
Kukawska, Agata Edyta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29519648.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Brazil
Polish
migration
Opis:
This is a presentation of Polish immigrants who came to Brazil in the 19th and 20th centuries, now the second biggest Polish community in the world. In my presentation, I intend to describe the reason of the emergence of the population. Then, I continue to show the history of the community in Brazil, especially in Curitiba, the “Polish’’ capital of Brazil. Next in my presentation is the situation of the population of Polish origin in Brazil. I present different organisations which are a part of this community. What is more, I also describe the Parana region as a with the biggest concentration of residents with Polish roots. I also mention how Polish traditions are cultivated.
Źródło:
Biuletyn Historii Wychowania; 2021, 44; 159-169
1233-2224
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Historii Wychowania
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Globalization and New Centers of Automotive Manufacturing – the Case of Brazil, Mexico, and Central Europe
Autorzy:
Wójtowicz, Mirosław
Rachwał, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/438528.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Tematy:
automotive industry;
Brazil;
Central Europe;
FDI;
globalization;
industrial upgrading;
Mexico
Opis:
The globalization of the automotive industry in the last twenty years has manifested itself ina rapid increase in the assembly of automobiles and the production of automotive components and spareparts outside of the traditional centers of automotive manufacturing. On the basis of contemporary researchand literature, we can distinguish two types of emerging centers of automobile manufacturing.First are potentially large domestic markets with a low level of motor vehicle ownership and rapidlygrowing economy such as Brazil. The second type of new automobile manufacturing center consistsof the peripheries of automotive core regions such as Mexico in the case of the North American coreregion and Central Europe in the case of the Western European core region. These new growth centershave benefitted from their lower production costs compared to those of core regions and their geographicproximity to the largest automobile markets. These emerging centers of manufacturing havebecome attractive locations, especially for export-oriented manufacturing facilities operated by largetransnational automotive corporations attempting to improve their global competitiveness. The purposeof this paper is to evaluate the effect of foreign direct investment on the development of automobile productionin these three emerging regions. The paper reviews post-1990 production trends and changes inthe geography of automobile production, especially new greenfield investments in the three analyzedregions. We examine changes in international trade in Brazil, Mexico and Central Europe with a focuson automobiles and automobile parts. Based on the results of our research, we determine the effects offoreign direct investment and industrial upgrading on the role of these emerging production centers inthe global production system.
Źródło:
Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego; 2014, 25; 81-107
2080-1653
Pojawia się w:
Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hydrophysical properties of Humic Latosols from Brazil
Autorzy:
Ajayi, A.E.
Dias,Jr., M.S.
Curi, N.
Pais, P.S.-M.
Iori, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/25530.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
Tematy:
organic matter
hydrophysical property
latosol soil
precompression stress
Brazil
Opis:
The hydrophysical properties of the prevalent Humic Latosols (organic matter rich and charcoal stained soils) were related to structural sustainability under loading. Intact cores collected at the Ap, AB, Bw horizons were used for hydrophysical characterization. Precompression stresses at 10 suctions were obtained to estimate the load bearing capacities. We observed the dominance of kaolinite with some occurrences of gibbsite and hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite in the clay mineralogy. The high organic matter content in the Ap horizon favours crumb structure with the structural unit presenting high porosity and water retention. The structure of the AB and Bw horizons was, however, granular with structural units having low porosity. Possible influence of earlier incidences of fire enhanced the organic matter and carbon content in the soil reducing down the profile from 42.5 g kg-1 at the Ap to 16.4 g kg-1 at the Bw horizon. The C/N ratio increased from 14 at the Ap to 17 at the Bw, and air capacity increased from 18.1% at Ap to 32.0% at Bw. Precompression stress values were: 100.6±40.7 kPa at Ap, 117.4±44.6 kPa at AB, and 116.1±58.9 kPa at Bw. Load bearing capacities at the AB and Bw horizons were homogenous.
Źródło:
International Agrophysics; 2014, 28, 4
0236-8722
Pojawia się w:
International Agrophysics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 155

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