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Tytuł:
A Few Observations on the Cultural Aspects of 19th Century Polish Archaeology
Kilka uwag na temat aspektów kulturowych archeologii polskiej XIX wieku
Autorzy:
Zinkow, Leszek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/37250335.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Akademia Ignatianum w Krakowie
Tematy:
historia kultury
archeologia
nauka polska XIX wieku
kolekcjonerstwo
history of culture (aspects)
archaeology
Polish science in 19th century
collecting of antiquities
Opis:
The article identifies and discusses several examples of specific perceptions of archeology developing in the 19th century in constructing and sustaining national identity, especially in the face of the loss of the political subjectivity of the state, which sometimes even resulted in outlining an opposition of discovering, collecting and studying artifacts of native “antiquity” against the dynamically developing Mediterranean archeology (ancient Egypt, Greece, Rome) in Western Europe.
Artykuł wskazuje i omawia kilka przykładów specyficznego postrzegania roli rozwijającej się w XIX wieku archeologii w konstruowaniu oraz podtrzymywaniu narodowej tożsamości, zwłaszcza w obliczu utraty politycznej podmiotowości państwa, co skutkowało niekiedy nawet definiowaniem opozycji odkrywania, kolekcjonowania oraz badania artefaktów rodzimej „starożytności” wobec dynamicznie rozwijającej się w zachodniej Europie archeologii śródziemnomorskiej (starożytny Egipt, Grecja, Rzym).
Źródło:
Perspektywy Kultury; 2023, 43, 4/2; 693-702
2081-1446
2719-8014
Pojawia się w:
Perspektywy Kultury
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Agriculture and science collaboration: the case of Łódź Voivodeship (Poland)
Współpraca rolnictwa z nauką: przykład województwa łódzkiego (Polska)
Autorzy:
Baraniak, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2023532.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Fundacja Ekonomistów Środowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych
Tematy:
agricultural innovation
farm
science collaboration
innowacje rolnicze
gospodarstwo rolne
współpraca rolnictwa z nauką
Opis:
The article aims to evaluate the cooperation of Polish farmers from ŁódźVoivodeship with science and other farmers in the field of implementing innovation in farms. Paper and Pencil Interview (PAPI) method was used. The analysis covers150 Polish farms located in the Łódź Voivodeship. The farms for the study were selected from the Polish FADN (Farm Accountancy Data Network) sample. The study was made in 2018. The conducted research has proved that interest in scientific achieve-ments depends on the innovativeness of farms. The cooperation between Polish farmers from Łódź Voivodeship in the field of innovation activity does not differ in terms of their farming type. A conse-quence of the farms' selection is the lack of the ability to generalise the results to the entire population of farms in the Łódź Voivodeship. The added value of the analysis is the presentation of the results in terms of farm innovation.
Celem artykułu jest ocena współpracy polskich rolników z województwa łódzkiego z nauką i innymi rolnikami w zakresie wdrażania innowacji w gospodarstwach rolnych. Wykorzystano metodę Paper and Pencil Interview (PAPI). Analiza obejmuje 150 polskich gospodarstw położonych w województwie łódzkim. Gospodarstwa do badań zostały wybrane z próby Polskiego FADN (Sieć Danych Rachunkowych Gospodarstw Rolnych). Badania wykonano w 2018 roku. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, że zainteresowanie osiągnięciami naukowymi zależy od innowacyjności gospodarstw. Relacje polskich rolników z województwa łódzkiego w zakresie działalności innowacyjnej nie różnią się w zależności od prowadzonej działalności. Konsekwencją doboru podmiotów jest brak możliwości uogólnienia wyników na całą populację gospodarstw w województwie łódzkim. Wartością dodaną analizy jest prezentacja wyników w zakresie innowacyjności gospodarstw.
Źródło:
Ekonomia i Środowisko; 2021, 4; 133--148
0867-8898
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia i Środowisko
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Precedent in the Decision-Making Process. Point of Legal Theory and Judicial Practice
Autorzy:
Leszczyński, Leszek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/619231.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
precedent
the Polish science of law
judicial practice
codified law order
precedens
polska nauka prawa
praktyka sądowa
porządek prawa stanowionego
Opis:
This publication encompasses the presentation of precedent as a legal category in the context of practical (judicial) approach and in the light of the theory of law. After introducing the term “precedent”, which is both universal and relevant to the codified law order, the question of distinguishing its particular kinds is described, which appears in the Polish science of law, mainly in the theory and philosophy of law. In the practical part, precedent is treated as a part of judicial practice, which in case of the codified law order constitutes a qualified form of applying a prior judicial decision. The most significant features of this practice are covered within the framework of the legal reasoning (with regard to validation and interpretation), which occurs during the decisional process, as well as the quality of justification of the judicial decision as regards law enforcement.
Opracowanie obejmuje prezentację precedensu jako kategorii prawnej w kontekście zarówno teoretycznoprawnym, jak i praktycznym (sądowym). Po wyprowadzeniu uniwersalnego i relewantnego dla porządku prawa stanowionego pojęcia precedensu, rozważana jest pojawiająca się w polskiej nauce prawa (głównie w teorii i filozofii prawa) problematyka wyodrębniania poszczególnych jego rodzajów. W części praktycznej precedens potraktowany został jako składnik praktyki sądowej, która w porządku prawa stanowionego stanowi kwalifikowaną postać wykorzystania wcześniejszej decyzji sądowej. Najważniejsze właściwości tej praktyki zostały ujęte w ramach występujących w procesie decyzyjnym rozumowań prawniczych (walidacyjnych i interpretacyjnych) oraz argumentacyjnej jakości uzasadnienia sądowej decyzji stosowania prawa.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia; 2018, 27, 1
1731-6375
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Appearance of Life
Autorzy:
Krzymowski, Richard
Ługowski, Włodzimierz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/42563036.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii PAN
Tematy:
Biogenesis
chemical evolution
pre-biological natural selection
Opis:
The article presents the hypothesis of the origin of life. All the basic ideas of the 20th century research program in this area can be found there: the extrapolation of Darwinism into the area of chemical evolution, the influence of solar energy, the large “chemical possibilities” of carbon compounds, early heterotrophy, the gradual increase of organic purpose as a result of natural selection.
Źródło:
Filozofia i Nauka; 2024, 12; 43-54
2300-4711
2545-1936
Pojawia się w:
Filozofia i Nauka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
From Names to Objects—Philosophically about Psychiatric Classifications
Autorzy:
Grabizna, Adrianna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/42803700.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii PAN
Tematy:
psychiatric classifications
DSM
ICD
essentialism
nosography
abstraction
Opis:
At each introduction of a new edition of psychiatric classifications, a vivid debate resurfaces and concerns their very validity: should classifications be based on etiology or should they be descriptive, based on observation, and not on some or other theories of etiopathogenesis? I shift the attention to the philosophical aspect of the debate. Psychiatric classifications employ (and have always employed) taxonomic methodology but in fact are not (and never were) based on biological mechanisms leading to mental disorders. Therefore I tried to catch the moment where certain observable features, recognized as symptoms, begins to be perceived as an ontologically independent entities and we start to think that nosological units must have a specific cause (e.g. a neuropathogenesis), which is simply reflected in the diagnostic picture. I tried to catch the moment, when by naming, classifying and diagnosing, we, in a sense, create objects. Then I show how from there we can slide into objectification: we can stop to see a person and start to an illness.
Źródło:
Filozofia i Nauka; 2024, 12; 203-211
2300-4711
2545-1936
Pojawia się w:
Filozofia i Nauka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Peircean Metaphor Reexamined: Creation, Function and Interpretation
Autorzy:
Shirmahaleh, Shekoufeh Mohammadi
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41168657.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii PAN
Tematy:
Charles Sanders Peirce
iconic metaphor
final interpretation
iconicity
Opis:
The Peircean iconic metaphor takes the concept of metaphor beyond linguistic and literary metaphors and does not even limit it to the “conventional metaphor” of Lakoff and Johnson’s cognitive theory. Given Peirce’s short and somewhat ambiguous definition of the metaphorical icon, a closer study of this category of icons is necessary for a better understanding of a concept that surpasses in many respects the earlier definitions of metaphor. It is also necessary to observe metaphors from the perspective of their creator: a perspective that is not usually adopted in other theories of metaphor, since much of the debates consider only the structure of the metaphor and its function with a focus on its interpretation, and do not discuss how the creator of the metaphor reaches or creates a metaphor. The present article aims at filling the mentioned blanks.
Źródło:
Filozofia i Nauka; 2019, 7, 1; 35-54
2300-4711
2545-1936
Pojawia się w:
Filozofia i Nauka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Semiosis in History. The Emergence of Alter-Culture
Autorzy:
Sonesson, Göran
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41169187.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii PAN
Tematy:
cognition
semiotics
empathy
altruism
bio-cultural coevolution
Opis:
Following upon Merlin Donald’s claim that human specificity emerges in history, and not exclusively in evolutionary time, it will be suggested that the diversified means of producing semiosis created by human beings account for the spread of empathy and altruism not only beyond the kin group, but to humankind in general. This amounts to treating other cultures as different from us, but still able to enter into communication with us (as an Alter), as opposed to treating these cultures as being part of nature, and thus only susceptible to being communicated about (as an Alius). Starting out from the theory of bio-cultural evolution defended by Peter J. Richerson and Robert Boyd, as well as from the multi-level selection theory of Elliott Sober and David Sloan Wilson, we try to lay bare the way in which semiotic structures play a role for transforming cultural evolution, contrary to biological evolution, into human history. We inquiry into what makes the existence of Alter-culture possible, if, as Sober and Wilson have claimed, armed with game theory, an altruistic society (an Ego-culture in our terms), is only possible in opposition to another group in relation to which group egoism rules (that is, in our terms, an Alius-culture). We will follow Michael Tomasello in arguing for the primacy of games of cooperation, rather than competition, while adding an historical dimension, which serves to explain how such cooperation can be extended beyond the primary group (our Ego-culture). However, we will insist on the importance of multiple semiotic resources for the boot-strapping of empathy and altruism, as well as on the genesis of this process in cultural encounters, as reflected in the spirit of the Enlightenment.
Źródło:
Filozofia i Nauka; 2019, 7, 1; 13-34
2300-4711
2545-1936
Pojawia się w:
Filozofia i Nauka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modern Forms of Surveillance and Control
Autorzy:
Gray, Dustin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31234161.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii PAN
Tematy:
philosophy of technology
data privacy
surveillance
autonomy
Opis:
In todays advanced society, there is rising concern for data privacy and the diminution thereof on the internet. I argue from the position that for one to enjoy privacy, one must be able to effectively exercise autonomous action. I offer in this paper a survey of the many ways in which persons autonomy is severely limited due to a variety of privacy invasions that come not only through the use of modern technological apparatuses, but as well simply by existing in an advanced technological society. I conclude that regarding the majority of persons whose privacy is violated, such a violations are actually initiated and upheld by the users of modern technology themselves, and that ultimately, most disruptions of privacy that occur are self-levied.
Źródło:
Filozofia i Nauka; 2022, 10, zeszyt specjalny; 213-228
2300-4711
2545-1936
Pojawia się w:
Filozofia i Nauka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Philosophy as a Theory over Theories
Autorzy:
Bołtuć, Piotr (Peter)
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31233694.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii PAN
Tematy:
Philosophy as paradigm building
physicalism over the current sciences
Opis:
We view philosophy as paradigm setting: largely, spread over leading sciences of the epoch, as well as the main developing technologies, and even socio-economic and managerial patterns. This is, obviously, a “regulatory definition,” not quite a descriptive one. We examine whether it is the science of sciences, or the science over the sciences. Thus, it is not quite a meta-science. Our point is not to view philosophy as a methodology of science, or as its maid (ancilla). Philosophy is viewed as the pinnacle of the sciences, providing them with ontological and axiological meanings. Here is one proposed definition: Philosophy is built upon the sum of general theories of all leading sciences (broadly understood); it is a theory based on this sum. The aim of philosophy so defined is to stipulate and approximate veridical worldviews, rooted in the strongest available background, which is largely the background provided by the sciences, but not quite limited to what is scientifically provable at a given point in time—this last clause is due to temporary limitedness of any science, always existing at a given time-slice. Thus, limited dependency on any principles, not only factual statements. As we know from Albert Einstein’s relativity theories and other scientific revolutions, both factual statements and higher-level principles, are always already inductively questionable, e.g., through inference to the best explanation following pragmatic, context dependent, criteria of what counts as “the best” of explanations. We also question the intuitive requirements of physicalism that are crucial to Daniel Stoljar’s thesis that physicalism cannot be properly defined. In contrast to the broadly scientistic predilection beneath the approach in the main bulk of this article we also need and require a philosophical focus on the human existential condition, which is complementary to, and not contradictory with, the above definition of philosophy. The proposed approach may be viewed as an Enlightenment approach, aware of its strengths and limits; thus, with a post-Enlightenment zing.
Źródło:
Filozofia i Nauka; 2023, 11; 7-22
2300-4711
2545-1936
Pojawia się w:
Filozofia i Nauka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Towards the Pragmatic Concept of Knowledges
Autorzy:
Maciąg, Rafał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31234155.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii PAN
Tematy:
knowledge
metamathematics
artificial intelligence
sociology of knowledge
truth
Opis:
The article presents and justifies the thesis that the way of understanding knowledge has changed significantly over the last century. This change consists in departing from the classic definition of knowledge formulated by Plato, and in particular in questioning the subjective role of man as the holder of knowledge and abandoning claims to the truthfulness of knowledge. This process was an intensive evolution; its elements are given and justified in the text. Its source was a deep reconstruction of the mode of creating epistemic structures in mathematics and geometry, based on the abandonment of the principle of representation. Knowledge turned out to be determined by the social context, it became dispersed, decentralized, which led to the rejection of the condition of its truthfulness. The last phase of this evolution is knowledge as a phenomenon in the area of digital technologies, in particular artificial intelligence. This evolution has led to the emergence of many variants of knowledge that act as local knowledge, which justifies the use of the plural in this case.
Źródło:
Filozofia i Nauka; 2022, 10, zeszyt specjalny; 245-262
2300-4711
2545-1936
Pojawia się w:
Filozofia i Nauka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Caution against the Artificialistic Fallacy
Autorzy:
Hill, Robin K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31234164.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii PAN
Tematy:
philosophy of computing
ethics of computing
artificial intelligence
Opis:
The casual justification of the influence of a technology, particularly artificial intelligence, by appeal to the existence of the technology constitutes an artificialistic fallacy, analogous to the naturalistic fallacy that is well-known in philosophy. Similar to an invocation of nature to provide moral warrant (the naturalistic fallacy), modern tech evangelists invoke the burgeoning of hardware and software products in order to promote that burgeoning (the artificialistic fallacy). This fallacy is often tacit or committed by omission. Emerging ethical initiatives emphasize the refinement, explanation, and oversight of AI products rather than their fundamental ethical effect, making the fallacy recursive.
Źródło:
Filozofia i Nauka; 2022, 10, zeszyt specjalny; 275-284
2300-4711
2545-1936
Pojawia się w:
Filozofia i Nauka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Semiotic Determinants in Episode-Building: Beyond Autonoetic Consciousness
Autorzy:
West, Donna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41168440.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii PAN
Tematy:
Episode-building
episodic memory
indexical signs
autonoetic consciousness
Opis:
This account examines how episodes are constructed and measured, and how Peirce’s Index informs and even hastens the advancement of this process—from binding spatial features, to the awareness of participant roles and temporal sequencing. It provides semiotic rationale for how episodes develop from static single pictures (dependent on verbatim memory) to events whose frames reflect a deictic and sequential character—superseding the consciousness inherent in autonoesis. Empirical evidence will trace children’s event memory—first iconic and static, and later characteristic of increasingly more complex interpretants which specify directional and logical relations, and memory sources. The signs which promote episodic thought are indexical in nature, given their largely relational character. They incorporate deictic projections of the self in diverse orientations, entering into different participant slots inherent to the event. Notice of the latter entails the influence of index to apprehend the spatial, participatory, and temporal directionality within and across event frames. This progression requires a rudimentary consciousness of aspectual features (telicity, dynamicity), as well as an appreciation for the events’ purposes/goals. Anticipating how, where, and when events conclude is critical to realizing the event’s purpose/goal, since, according to Bauer 2006: 384, it constitutes the basis upon which episodes are constructed.
Źródło:
Filozofia i Nauka; 2019, 7, 1; 55-75
2300-4711
2545-1936
Pojawia się w:
Filozofia i Nauka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 67

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