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Tytuł:
Social privileges in the Second Polish Republic
Autorzy:
Grata, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1683779.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-04-09
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
social privilege
social security
health care
social care
the Second Polish Republic
Opis:
The Second Polish Republic developed an advanced and, in many ways, modern system of social care; however, the services which the citizens were entitled to seemed to be privileges available only to a small part of the population. The origins of this situation are to be found in the specific social and occupational structure of the population, low industrialization rate and the modest financial capabilities of the state and local governments. These resulted in a limited number of people with access to social insurances, a limited scope of public health care, a selective nature of access to unemployment insurance or radical differences in access to social care. And it is this unavailability of the social offer which determines the consideration of those benefits in Poland as privileges rather than commonly available rights of the Polish citizens.
Źródło:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae; 2015, 33; 19-36
0081-6485
Pojawia się w:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Women in Polish banking during the Second Polish Republic
Autorzy:
Leszczyńska, Cecylia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1390661.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
the Second Polish Republic
Polish banking
women activity
women in Polish banking
Opis:
This paper aims to analyse the employment of women in banking during the Second Polish Republic (i.e. interwar Poland). The banking sector was small in terms of employment. The number of people associated with this sector was 18.1 thousand in 1921 and 31.2 thousand in 1931, which accounted for 0.5-0.6% of all professionally active workers outside the agricultural sector. The banking community was dominated by men, the number of women working in banks was about 6.1 thousand in 1921 and 8.5 thousand in 1931 (30% of all human resources). This paper presents the nature of jobs performed by women, their positions and earnings. The presentation takes a number of forms: according to bank types, groups of voivodeships, size of the town and according to headquarters and branches. In all cases, the activities and earnings of women and men were compared.
Źródło:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae; 2019, 37; 93-115
0081-6485
Pojawia się w:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Retirement privileges of civil servants in the Second Polish Republic
Autorzy:
Jarosz-Nojszewska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1683716.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-04-09
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Second Polish Republic
pensions
civil service
pension cover
social insurance
Opis:
During the times of the Second Polish Republic the civil servants, teachers, the military, postal and railway workers were not covered by the universal social insurance, because before the social insurance act came into force, they were covered by pension systems guaranteeing more advantageous benefits. Persons working in state administration had a privileged position compared to the employees in general, both in terms of the scope and level of the benefits and their entire coverage by the State. The level of the pensions depended on the years of service and after 10 years of service amounted to 40% and was increasing every year by 2.4% or 3% up to 100%. The civil servants acquired the right to the pension already after 10 years and as of 1934 after 15 years of civil or military service. In special cases they were entitled to pension after 5 years already.
Źródło:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae; 2015, 33; 55-68
0081-6485
Pojawia się w:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Watchmen or Guards? The Prison Guard in the Second Polish Republic
Autorzy:
Rodak, Mateusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/601723.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
Prison Guard
prisons
Second Polish Republic
penology
criminals
Polska
Opis:
The officer core of the Prison Guard (Straż Więzienna, SW), a formation established only as late as 1932, emerged from the narrow circle of persons associated with the Prison Section, which emerged in 1918. Its membership consisted of a small cadre of Polish guards who had gained experience in prisons controlled by the occupying powers. Unless they had worked in prisons before 1918, the rank-andfile of the SW consisted of demobilised and/or retired soldiers as well as of would-be or ex-policemen. ‘Street people’ in many cases, they treated the work as temporary or took it up as an easy job. The reality they faced on the other side of the wall quickly verified their convictions about the task they had accepted. As a result, the ranks of the SW were given to heavy rotation, evident up to 1939. Employees of the interwar prison system did not enjoy much public regard; for some, leaving the army to become a prison guard felt like social degradation. Aside from a few minor exceptions – such as prison breaks, stories of convict abuse – this peculiar group of workers was generally absent from the public narrative of the re-established state. Naturally, its problems were debated among experts, but these debates did not seep into the press as often as those concerning the police. For many years after 1918, the SW continued to be perceived through the nineteenthcentury image of the guard as watchman, a personification of the oppressive partition governments. SW functionaries associated with the labour union established in 1932 as well as the Przegląd Więziennictwa Polskiego (Polish Penal Review) magazine took up the daunting task of improving that image.The article provides an analysis of their efforts, attempting a response whether their goals were achieved, at least to a degree. My focus is on the public perception of the formation, while I also try to establish whether its foundation and development was perceived as a success (as was the case, for instance, with the police). My interests, however, are not limited to the media and public image of the SW corps, but also include the conditions under which its members laboured. In this context, I am particularly interested in the realities of the prison corridor; in the article, I attempt to describe the tenor of the relations between guards and prisoners in contemporary prisons (especially the prevailing aggression). Finally, I pursue a reconstruction of the image/s of the SW created by convicts, with particular focus on the significance of the change associated with the year 1918.My analysis leads to somewhat pessimistic conclusions. The major changes involved in the professionalization of the cadres and partial implementation of the prison reform that also affected the SW do not appear to have been satisfactory. Attempts to dismantle stereotypes of the guards could only achieve limited success, and the SW remained a formation of thoroughly dubious quality.
Źródło:
Acta Poloniae Historica; 2018, 118
0001-6829
Pojawia się w:
Acta Poloniae Historica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Naked eye: the Belarusian press of the Second Polish Republic in egodocuments
Autorzy:
Sluka, Nadzeya
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/472280.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-04-19
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Dziennikarstwa, Informacji i Bibliologii
Tematy:
Second Polish Republic
Western Belarus
Belarusian press
egodocuments
Opis:
The article deals with the particular kind of documentary sources for the history of the Belarusians in the Second Polish Republic – memoirs and diaries. The memoirs of Liudvika Vojcik, Janka Bagdanowič, Marjan Pieciukievič, and also the diaries of Maksim Tank and Piotr Siaŭruk are reviewed. The article concludes that personal writings provide unique information about the Belarusian national movement and the Belarusian press that can be applied in further historical research.
Źródło:
Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi; 2019, Tom specjalny: Dla Niepodległej / Special Issue: For an Independent Poland; 435-444
1897-0788
2544-8730
Pojawia się w:
Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Accessing the Political Press of the Second Polish Republic on the Internet
Autorzy:
Kristanova, Evelina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11377965.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie
Tematy:
media studies
press studies
Polish political press (1918–1939)
digitised press
Opis:
Digital libraries provide an easy and convenient source of data for journalistic academic research. In this paper, the author answers the question of whether the most well-known socio-political Polish press titles published between 1918 and 1939 are available online and to what extent they are fully digitised and accessible in digital libraries. Through media content analysis and the press content analysis methods of Walery Pisarek, all the digital resources available for an ordinary Internet user were browsed. The main role of the analysis was to establish which journals and periodicals were published weekly and as daily newspapers. Also, the nature and political leanings of press publications were taken into consideration (each press title was usually associated with a particular party). At the same time, the texts were profiled as regional, national, Catholic, etc. Finally, an attempt to develop a typology of the given titles is made.
Źródło:
The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II; 2021, 11, 2; 177-201
2391-6559
2083-8018
Pojawia się w:
The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
State control in the Second Polish Republic
Kontrola Państwowa w II Rzeczypospolitej
Autorzy:
Juchniewicz, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/942126.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
state control
the Supreme Audit Office
kontrola państwowa
Najwyższa Izba Kontroli
Opis:
The outbreak of World War I also brought hopes that the oppressed Polish state would finally regain its independence. These hopes came to life in 1918, but with the regaining of independence the arduous process of reconstruction of the organisational fabric of the state had to be initiated. The Supreme Office of State Audit (NIKP) was created by the Decree of the Provisional Head of State issued on 7 February 1919. After two years on 17 March 1921 the Constitution of the Republic of Poland was enacted, where in Art. 9 it was envisaged to establish the Supreme Audit Office [hereinafter NIK] established as a body responsible for auditing the entire state administration in terms of finance, examining the closing of state accounts, submitting to the Sejm a motion to grant or refuse to grant discharge to the Government on an annual basis.. Normative acts stipulating audit authorities in the Second Polish Republic constituted a considerable step forward in the development of mechanisms for the control over public funds carried out by qualified bureaucratic apparatus.
Wybuch I wojny światowej niósł ze sobą nadzieje na odzyskanie przez zniewolone państwo polskie niepodległości. Nadzieje te ziściły się w 1918 roku, ale wraz z odzyskaniem niepodległości rozpoczął się żmudny proces odbudowy tkanki organizacyjnej państwa. Dekretem Tymczasowego Naczelnika Państwa z 7 lutego 1919 r. została utworzona Najwyższa Izba Kontroli Państwa. Po dwóch latach działalności doszło do uchwalenia 17 marca 1921 r. Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, która w art. 9 przewidywała utworzenie Najwyższej Izby Kontroli, powołanej do kontroli całej administracji państwowej pod względem finansowym, badania zamknięć rachunków Państwa, przedstawiania corocznie Sejmowi wniosku o udzielenia lub odmowę udzielanie Rządowi absolutorium. Akty normatywne statuujące organy kontroli w II Rzeczypospolitej stanowiły znaczący krok w rozwoju mechanizmów kontrolowania środków publicznych przez wykwalifikowany aparat urzędniczy.
Źródło:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego; 2018, 6 (46); 177-185
2082-1212
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Free Cossacks and the Second Polish Republic
Wolne Kozactwo i II Rzeczpospolita
Autorzy:
Komar, Vołodymyr
Szymanowicz, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/23050694.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Poland 1918–1939
USSR
Cossacks
military intelligence (Poland)
Prometheism
Polska 1918–1939
ZSRR
Kozacy
wywiad wojskowy (Polska)
prometeizm
Opis:
Począwszy od XVI w. Kozacy byli jednym z narzędzi ekspansji Imperium Rosyjskiego. Służyli również do tłumienia antyrosyjskich i antycarskich powstań oraz buntów. Jeszcze w trakcie wojny domowej w Rosji Kozacy byli przez bolszewików poddawani represjom, a często i eksterminacji. Po zakończonej wojnie rozpoczął się proces rozkozaczania społeczności kozackiej i likwidacji jej odrębności. Nic zatem dziwnego, że Kozacy szukali sojuszników, w tym również w nowo odrodzonej Rzeczypospolitej. W latach 1919–1920 do Warszawy przyjeżdżali przedstawiciele wojsk kozackich w celu nawiązania współpracy wojskowej przeciwko Armii Czerwonej. W trakcie wojny polsko-bolszewickiej u boku Wojska Polskiego walczyło około 6000–7000 Kozaków. Po zakończonej wojnie tysiące Kozaków pozostały na emigracji w Polsce. Inne większe ich skupiska znajdowały się we Francji, w Niemczech, Jugosławii, a także w Czechosłowacji. Jednym z najaktywniejszych działaczy kozackich był Ignat Biłyj. Dzięki jego zabiegom władze polskie udzieliły wsparcia finansowego kozackiej akcji niepodległościowej, która uzyskała większą przychylność po dojściu do władzy marszałka Józefa Piłsudskiego. W 1927 r. w stolicy Czechosłowacji – Pradze powstał Komitet Wolnego Kozactwa złożony z Kozaków dońskich i kubańskich. Organizacja ta miała swym zasięgiem objąć możliwie najszerzej emigrację kozacką rozsianą w różnych państwach Europy, a nawet poza nią, w celu zjednoczenia jej do walki przeciwko Związkowi Sowieckiemu. Pomoc udzielana tej emigracji była jednym z elementów akcji prometejskiej zainicjowanej przez Józefa Piłsudskiego. Patronat nad akcją prometejską objął Oddział II Sztabu Generalnego / Głównego Wojska Polskiego (czyli organ wywiadu i kontrwywiadu wojskowego II Rzeczypospolitej), przy współpracy z Ministerstwem Spraw Zagranicznych i innymi instytucjami.
In the 19th and early 20th centuries, the Cossacks were used to suppress anti-Russian and anti-tsarist uprisings and revolts. However, during the Civil War in Russia, the Cossacks were subjected to repression and often extermination by the Bolsheviks. After the end of the war, the process of decossackization and elimination of the Cossack separateness began. It is therefore not surprising that the Cossacks sought allies, also in the newly reborn Republic of Poland. In the years 1919–1920, Cossack army representatives came to Warsaw in order to establish military cooperation against the Red Army. About 6–7 thousand Cossacks fought in the Polish-Soviet War. After the end of the war, thousands of Cossacks remained in exile in Poland. Other major clusters of Cossacks were found in France, Germany, Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia. One of the most prominent Cossack activists was Ignat Bilyi. Thanks to his efforts, the Polish authorities gave financial support to the Cossack independence campaign, which gained more favour after the coming to power of Marshal Józef Piłsudski. In 1927, in Prague, the capital of Czechoslovakia, the Free Cossacks Committee was established, consisting of Kuban and Don Cossacks. This organization was meant to cover as widely as possible the Cossack emigration scattered across Europe and even beyond, in order to unite it in the fight against the Soviet Union. The help given to this emigration was one of the elements of the Promethean action initiated by Józef Piłsudski. The Promethean campaign was held under the patronage of the Second Department of Polish General Staff (i.e. the body of military intelligence and counterintelligence of the Second Polish Republic) in cooperation with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and other institutions.
Źródło:
Przegląd Nauk Historycznych; 2023, 22, 1; 169-203
1644-857X
2450-7660
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Nauk Historycznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Debate over secularisation of the marriage law in the Second Polish Republic
Autorzy:
Dworas-Kulik, Judyta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2085931.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-09-20
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
projekt Lutostańskiego
śluby cywilne
Komisja Kodyfikacyjna
forma zawarcia małżeństwa
rozwiązanie małżeństwa
sądy wyznaniowe
Lutostański draft law
civil marriage
Codification Committee
form of marriage celebration
dissolution of marriage
ecclesiastical courts
Opis:
Odziedziczona po państwach zaborczych mozaika prawna dała początek groźnym zjawiskom, przede wszystkim legalnej bigamii. Dwa sprzeczne bloki polityczne – świecki i kościelny – uniemożliwiły w okresie międzywojennym skodyfikowanie prawa małżeństwa osobistego, co zapobiegłoby dalszemu pogłębianiu się chaosu prawnego trawiącego dawne podstawy państwa, czyli małżeństwo i rodzinę. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest opisanie – metodą historyczno-prawną – najważniejszych aspektów sporu, jakie pojawiły się przy próbach ujednolicenia prawa małżeńskiego na ziemiach II RP, a także odwołanie się do argumentacji strony w sporze dotyczącym wyboru formy małżeństwa, właściwości w sprawach małżeńskich oraz możliwości rozwiązania małżeństwa przez rozwód.
The legal mosaic inherited from the partitioning states gave rise to dangerous phenomena, legal bigamy above all. Two conflicting political blocs – the secular and the ecclesiastical one – prevented the personal marriage law from being codified in the interwar period, which would have prevented further deterioration of legal chaos gnawing at the ancient foundations of the state, i.e. marriage and family. The aim of this article is to describe – using the historical and legal method – the most important aspects of dispute that emerged when attempts were made to unify marriage law in the lands of the Second Republic, as well as making reference to the arguments of the parties to the dispute concerning the choice of marriage form, jurisdiction in matrimonial cases and the possibility of dissolving a marriage by divorce.
Źródło:
Prawo Kanoniczne; 2020, 63, 3; 137-153
2353-8104
Pojawia się w:
Prawo Kanoniczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Together but Apart: University Experience of Jewish Students in the Second Polish Republic
Autorzy:
Aleksiun, Natalia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/601747.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
Second Polish Republic
Jewish students
Jewish student organizations
‘ghetto benches’
Polonization
Opis:
This paper examines the experiences of Jewish university students in Warsaw, Lvov, Wilno and Cracow, focusing on their interactions with each other as well as with other students. These experiences are divided into three categories: daily encounters and mutual relations (or the lack thereof), the vision of the academic community to which the students aspired, and Jewish students' reactions to antisemitism. I argue that for many Jewish students, these daily university experiences both on campuses and beyond strengthened their sense of being outsiders. Having been excluded from most of the general student organizations they had to form their own, which limited their interactions with other students even further, and, above all, strengthened feeling that they were being singled out and victimized.
Źródło:
Acta Poloniae Historica; 2014, 109
0001-6829
Pojawia się w:
Acta Poloniae Historica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The development of radio services in the Second Polish Republic. Social, strategic and political rationale
Autorzy:
Kaszuba, Elżbieta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/533490.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
radio services development
education
propaganda
integration
Opis:
In the Second Polish Republic, to about the mid-twenties, radio broadcasting was only a technical innovation. A fundamental change in this area was carried out by a private- state company Polish Radio, after a nation-wide state license for “broadcasting”, that is a radio for the masses, was granted to it, on August 18, 1925..Polish Radio launched the enduring native radio and began to realise a great project of development of radio services in the country. Stimulating the development of radio broadcasting, in addition to economic significance, gained social, strategic and political importance. Radio ensured the freedom of communication, therefore it could prove useful in supporting the process of unifying the newly recovered state and society and expanded the access of all social groups including an underprivileged social class because of poverty, illiteracy, living in remote areas and being removed from the centre in terms of advancement of civilization to the modern informative, educational and cultural medium. Moreover, Polish Radio was forced to respond to hostile propaganda broadcast by radio stations in neighbouring countries, mainly in Germany and Soviet Union and also in Lithuania. Finally, in terms of the development of radio services, the Second Polish Republic made considerable progress, creating a technical base from scratch and popularising radio among the masses.
Źródło:
Społeczeństwo i Ekonomia; 2014, 1 (1); 117-132
2353-8937
Pojawia się w:
Społeczeństwo i Ekonomia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
State Policy in the field of Defence Preparation of the Society in the Second Polish Republic
Autorzy:
Ciosek, Ireneusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2146973.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-05-14
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Wydawnictwo UMK
Tematy:
state
defence
politics
local government
training
army
Opis:
Recalling the activity of the prewar State Office for Physical Education and Civil Defence Training seems necessary in view of the increased interest of the society, mainly young people, in defence matters and patriotic past. Obviously, the circumstances and conditions have changed significantly but the idea and organizational structure of the State Office for Physical Education and Civil Defence Training seems to be still present today. It is essential that the activities of both the State Office for Physical Education and Civil Defence Training and its local structures did not impose and did not monopolize the defence commitment of the society but only provided all the groups of the society with material and organizational aid related to civil defence training.
Źródło:
Historia i Polityka; 2022, 40 (47); 43-55
1899-5160
2391-7652
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Polityka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polish Diaspora and Military Intelligence of the Second Polish Republic, 1918-1939. An Outline of the Problem
Autorzy:
Skóra, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1956422.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-04-24
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
Polonia
wywiad wojskowy
Druga Rzeczpospolita
Polish diaspora
military intelligence
Second Polish Republic
Opis:
Polonia a wywiad wojskowy Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej (1918-1939). Zarys problemu Wielomilionowa Polonia była uznawana przez władze Polski za rezerwuar wsparcia dla kraju. Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych prowadziło działania mające uczynić z niej narzędzie rządu. Polonia, rozumiana jako Polacy na stałe przebywający za granicą, była w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym podstawą działań wywiadu polskiego. Do takiego wniosku prowadzi analiza wybranych siatek wywiadowczych i narodowości agentów. Nie dotyczyło to wyłącznie „agenturalnej drobnicy”, owych tysięcy osób zbierających drobne wiadomości. Również najważniejsi agenci – choć rzadziej – byli z pochodzenia Polakami.
Millions of Poles living outside of their native lands, that is members of Polish diaspora, were recognized by the Polish authorities as a reservoir of strong support for the homeland. The Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs conducted activities aimed at turning them into a useful tool in the hands of the government. Polish diaspora, mainly understood as Poles permanently living abroad, formed the basis for Polish intelligence activities in the interwar period. An analysis of selected intelligence networks and agents’ nationalities may lead to such a conclusion. This phenomenon applied not only to “small fries” in the intelligence cycle, that is thousands of people gathering meaningless information, but also to the most prominent agents, who – although less often – were of Polish origin.
Źródło:
Studia Polonijne; 2019, 40; 209-221
0137-5210
Pojawia się w:
Studia Polonijne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
At the Origins of Welfare State? Social Expenses in the Budgetary Policy in the Second Polish Republic
Autorzy:
Grata, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1390808.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-03-28
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
social policy
state budget
welfare state
social expenses
Ministry of Social Care
Opis:
In the period of the Second Polish Republic, social policy became an important field of activity for public authorities. It was distinguished by a high level of awareness of the prevalent social problems, progressive legislation, and advanced management. The only missing element was sufficient financing. In the budgetary policy of the Second Polish Republic, social expenses were of minor importance. For the most part of the period, they amounted to approximately 3% of all expenses. The Ministry of Social Care was underfunded, which was evident in nearly every aspect of its activity. Hence, if one wonders if the origins of the Polish welfare state can be traced back to the Second Polish Republic, the answer must be “no”. Although extra funds (spent on tackling unemployment, pensions, or disability benefits) were found outside of the ministerial budget, the arguments presented in this article only confirm the hypothesis presented above.
Źródło:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae; 2017, 35; 7-26
0081-6485
Pojawia się w:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 113

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