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Wyszukujesz frazę ""Syria"" wg kryterium: Wszystkie pola


Tytuł:
Syria Past and Present
Autorzy:
Münnich, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/624560.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
Syria, civil war, Hafiz al-Assad, Bashar al-Assad, history of Syria
Opis:
The internal situation in Syria during the first four years of conflict resembles a kaleidoscope showing a different picture every minute. Individual elements keep changing their places, some lose their meaning, others take more space, some disappear completely, and new ones take their place. Perhaps this view does not change from day to day, but it surely changes from month to month, and an inexperienced observer may soon be lost in the mass of new information and changing names. The present text aims to present a short review of the situation during the Syrian civil war. The present conflict has its roots deep in the past and in order to understand it one needs to go back in time and describe – even if superficially – the history of Syria since it gained its independence. Its earlier history is, of course, also fascinating, yet if one does not want to be forced to write a book on the five thousand years of Syrian history, it seems fitting to refer the reader to other works on the subject. Therefore, the first part of the present draft will focus on the historical background of the current conflict, and the second part will concern the course of the conflict since its outbreak in 2011 through July 2015.
Źródło:
Teka Komisji Politologii i Stosunków Międzynarodowych; 2017, 12, 1
1896-8279
Pojawia się w:
Teka Komisji Politologii i Stosunków Międzynarodowych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Muslim Brotherhood in Syria and its Role in Syria’s Current Situation
Autorzy:
Samojedny, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/624708.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
Muslim Brotherhood, Syria, Assad, Arab Spring, Political Islam, Islamism
Opis:
The Muslim Brotherhood is a global organization with representatives in each Muslim or Muslim’s minority country. According to its doctrine, the movement main goal is establishment of the Caliphate based on principles of Islam. This global organization is recognized in many countries as a terrorist organization and banned. But still, it is the most underestimated movement in the whole Islamic world. Its role in current situation in Syria is not widely known but relevant. Though, it is the main creator and the eminence grise of the Syrian conflict, nobody recognizes this movement as a threat. The Syrian Branch of Muslim Brotherhood, as longtime Assad’s enemy, peruses to movement main goal, by stages: regime overthrow and authority takeover in Syria. The Author presents the role of the Muslim Brotherhood in Syrian conflict with historical background and the movement current multidimensional influences and goals.
Źródło:
Teka Komisji Politologii i Stosunków Międzynarodowych; 2017, 12, 1
1896-8279
Pojawia się w:
Teka Komisji Politologii i Stosunków Międzynarodowych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Arab Nationalism in Syria
Autorzy:
Adamczyk, Anita
Jomma, Fuad
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2197893.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-03-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Syria
pan-Arabism
Arab nationalism
Alawites
Opis:
Syria is one of many countries in the Middle East diverse in terms of religion, nationality, and ethnicity. Internal divisions emerged when Syria reclaimed independence in 1946, but the differences inside Syrian society have become a taboo. One of the reasons for that was Arab nationalism, which claimed that they were all Arabs. The Syrian authorities managed to maintain the appearance of national homogeneity owing to these claims. This article aims to show the uniqueness of Arab nationalism, which is not characteristic of one country but of numerous states sharing a common past, language, and their citizens belonging to the family of the Arab nation. As a case study for Syria, this article analyses the basic concepts relevant to the subject (nationalism, the nation from the perspective of Islam, and Arab thought), the roots of pan-Arabism in Syria and its presence in the public and legal space. It also attempts to demonstrate that Arab nationalism helped the Syrian authorities (represented by the Alawite minority) blur national, ethnic, and religious differences and thus preserve the unity of society and state.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2023, 1(52); 10.15804/ppsy202251
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Syria in Russia’s Foreign Policy in the 21st Century
Autorzy:
Włodkowska-Bagan, Agata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1191874.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
Syria
Russia
the Middle East
civil war in Syria
Arab Spring
Opis:
The USSR used to be a very important actor in the Middle East. Immediately after the dissolution of the Soviet empire, Russia’s involvement in the region was reduced. However, since the mid-1990s Moscow’s efforts on strengthen its position in the region became evident. This article aims to show the determinants and goals of the Russian Federation’s foreign policy towards Syria in the 21st century. It will provide a brief analysis of the reasons and interests for Russia’s activity in Syria and support for Bashar al-Assad since the outbreak of the civil war.
Źródło:
Teka Komisji Politologii i Stosunków Międzynarodowych; 2017, 12, 1; 27-40
1896-8279
Pojawia się w:
Teka Komisji Politologii i Stosunków Międzynarodowych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Turkish Policy Towards War in Syria
Autorzy:
Szymański, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/624591.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
Turkey, Syria, Al-Assad regime, Kurds, Islamic State.
Opis:
Turkey is an important actor of the war in Syria. After the first months of the conflict the Syrian neighbour began supporting the opposition forces in the war and took a very critical approach to Bashar al-Assad’s regime, based on the assumption that the Syrian president must definitely resign from the office. It was a substantial change of the Turkish policy towards Syria in comparison to the first decade of the 21st century. The main goal of this article is an in-depth analysis of Turkey’s policy towards the war in Syria in order to identify the reasons for a specific, inflexible Turkish position. The author verifies positively a hypothesis that the Turkish policy towards Syria and the war there is a result of the interplay of many domestic and foreign policy factors in Turkey as well as the regional and international situation. The inflexible Turkish position is in this context a consequence of the more sectarian policy of the AKP government (reflecting the departure from the “strategic depth doctrine”) connected with the ideological factor as well as the negative consequences of the Assad regime’s actions for Turkish security and the increasingly complex Kurdish issue.
Źródło:
Teka Komisji Politologii i Stosunków Międzynarodowych; 2017, 12, 1
1896-8279
Pojawia się w:
Teka Komisji Politologii i Stosunków Międzynarodowych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Palestinian Refugees in Syria During the Syrian Civil War
Autorzy:
Szydzisz, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/624712.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
Palestine, Palestinian refugees, Syria, Yarmouk camp
Opis:
The article is an attempt to describe situation of Palestinian refugees during the Syrian Civil War. The author explains the attitude of the conflict’s main parties towards Palestinians. The paper also presents the stance of Palestinian parties (Hamas and PLO) and Palestinian refugees towards the Assad regime and rebels. Unfortunately, fights have been occurring in Palestinian camps, too (especially in the Yarmouk camp), so Palestinians are also victims of the conflict.
Źródło:
Teka Komisji Politologii i Stosunków Międzynarodowych; 2017, 12, 1
1896-8279
Pojawia się w:
Teka Komisji Politologii i Stosunków Międzynarodowych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Conflicts and Religions: The Case of Syria and Iraq
Autorzy:
Luizard, Pierre-Jean
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/781422.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
religion
Shiites
Sunnis
Iraq
Syria
conflict
Opis:
Religion is at the heart of the lacerating conflicts in Iraq and Syria today. In both countries the matter at hand is the fracture between the two main branches of Islam. This fracture escalated into a religious war after the Arab Springs in 2011, even though the violent conflict between Shia and Sunni started in Iraq in 2003, after the American invasion of the ancient Mesopotamia. The reason for both the foreign occupation and the insurrection of the civil society leading to the same chaos is that, in both countries, the State does not raise enough legitimacy to open a public space able to welcome a unitary citizenship. Such a phenomenon calls back to the history of the two states and at the British (Iraq) and French (Syria) establishing mandates of the two institutions, which never succeeded in imposing their legitimacy for most people (Shia in Iraq and Sunni in Syria), left out of the ruling bodies for a long time. The Shia-Kurdish combination, which is the leading force in Iraq since 2003, conducted to the refusal of the Arab Sunni minority to live marginalized and powerless.
Źródło:
Ethics in Progress; 2019, 10, 1; 94-111
2084-9257
Pojawia się w:
Ethics in Progress
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Barack Obama, Syria, and the Exertion of American Military Power
Autorzy:
Jervis, David
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/624520.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
Obama, Syria, Islamic State, military power
Opis:
This article reviews American policy toward Syria since the onset of its civil war there. It concentrates on debates and decisions about the use of American military power to influence events there. Before 2014, President Barack Obama consistently refused to use military power and, while he did initiate military action against the Islamic State in the summer of 2014, many in and out of the administration thought he should do more. This article identifies reasons for Obama’s hesitance and argues that some of his pre-2014 fears about using military power have been realized in later years.
Źródło:
Teka Komisji Politologii i Stosunków Międzynarodowych; 2017, 12, 1
1896-8279
Pojawia się w:
Teka Komisji Politologii i Stosunków Międzynarodowych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Syria: The Russian Federation’s Return to The Middle East
Autorzy:
Minkina, Mirosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1199594.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Fundacja Copernicus na rzecz Rozwoju Badań Naukowych
Tematy:
Syria
Russian Federation
rebuilding influence
military involvement
Opis:
Over the years, the Middle East has played a diverse role in Soviet and later Russian foreign policy. During the period of rivalry between the USSR and the US, it was an important area of confrontation. After its end, the Russian Federation became immersed in crisis and lost interest in the region. The Middle East again appeared in the Kremlin’s geostrategic thinking after the Arab Spring which the Russian authorities perceived as fuelled and directed by the West, especially the US. The consequences of these social upheavals in the form of the overthrow of the Libyan leader or the explicit aspirations of the West to remove Bashar al-Assad from power, led Vladimir Putin to take action. This article is an attempt to interpret Russian actions in Syria, including its military involvement, through the prism of the Kremlin’s neo-superpower policy.
Źródło:
The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies; 2020, 1; 83-100
2299-4335
Pojawia się w:
The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Methodology of Russia’s hard hit on Syria
Autorzy:
Wojnarowska-Szpucha, Sylwia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2086254.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego
Tematy:
hard power
hard influence
military influence
Russia
Syria
Opis:
Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the activities of different countries in the context of the Syrian conflict. Methods: The following research methods and techniques have proven to be useful: starting material analysis, cause-effect analysis, scientific observation. Results: An analysis of the available literature has shown that the Russian Federation has refrained from direct participation in the war in Syria since the beginning of the war. First, it supplied arms and ammunition to Syria to support the Assad regime, and in Damascus and other areas, Russian trainers were deployed to support Assad’s war efforts. But in the fall of 2015, when Assad’s government forces were severely weakened, Russia began to implement direct and open military support on the scale of a world power with global ambitions. Conclusions: The political-military measures of the Russian Federation had enormous destabilizing effects on the entire region of the Middle East. The strategic interests of many countries in the region are under threat, and the Russian Federation has become and will continue to be an important player in the Middle East. Russia’s engagement in Syria is part of the Russian Federation’s multifaceted policy aimed at achieving various objectives. The Russian operation in Syria is Russia’s return to the Middle East Games as an important military and political player with the aim of strengthening its own position and weakening the position of the United States. With its military actions in Syria, Russia has reaffirmed its influence in the Middle East region.
Źródło:
Przegląd Nauk o Obronności; 2021, 6, 12; 42--49
2450-6869
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Nauk o Obronności
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Syria: the russian federation’s return to the middle east
Autorzy:
Minkina, Mirosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1920248.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-10-22
Wydawca:
Fundacja Copernicus na rzecz Rozwoju Badań Naukowych
Tematy:
Syria
Russian Federation
rebuilding influence
military involvement
Opis:
Over the years, the Middle East has played a diverse role in Soviet and later Russian foreign policy. During the period of rivalry between the USSR and the US, it was an important area of confrontation. After its end, the Russian Federation became immersed in crisis and lost interest in the region. The Middle East again appeared in the Kremlin’s geostrategic thinking after the Arab Spring which the Russian authorities perceived as fuelled and directed by the West, especially the US. The consequences of these social upheavals in the form of the overthrow of the Libyan leader or the explicit aspirations of the West to remove Bashar al-Assad from power, led Vladimir Putin to take action. This article is an attempt to interpret Russian actions in Syria, including its military involvement, through the prism of the Kremlin’s neo-superpower policy.
Źródło:
The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies; 2021, 1; 83-100
2299-4335
Pojawia się w:
The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Titulus Tiburtinus, Syme’s Piso, Sentius Saturninus and the Province of Syria
Autorzy:
Kokkinos, Nikos
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/638528.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
the Titulus Tiburtinus
Roman provincial administration
Roman governors
Syria
Opis:
A previous paper on the titulus Tiburtinus re-opened the debate concerning the notorious ignotus, then generally thought to be P. Sulpicius Quirinius (cos. 12 BC), suggesting instead that he might be identified with C. Sentius Saturninus (cos. 19 BC). This suggestion was subsequently challenged in favour of L. Calpurnius Piso (cos. 15 BC), who had originally been argued by Sir Ronald Syme. Since the identification of the consular concerned is significant for Augustan prosopography and for the history of Asia, among other provinces such as Syria and Germany, a detailed and wide-ranging restatement of the case for Saturninus is made here. Piso (unlike Quirinius) is really a non-starter, and it is surprising that he would have been supported by formidable Syme. The rex of the titulus could not have been Rhescuporis I or Rhoemetalces I. The iterum would not have referred to the second legateship of Piso (presumably that of Syria) given Piso’s early career. The binas, referring to two public thanksgivings, does not inspire confidence in Piso receiving a second supplicatio. Piso the Pontifex is not attested as proconsul of Asia, nor is he attested as governor of Syria, and the reconstruction of the fasti of this province is much more reasonable than previously thought. By contrast, all points in Saturninus career can be successfully compared with the information in the titulus. Origins of the Sentii from an area near Tibur is a bonus, if dispensable. Saturninus could not have been proconsul of Africa at the time inferred from Tertullian (29 BC), and hence Asia is open for him in c. 14/13 BC. His office in Syria (c. 12–8 BC) is well-attested, as it is that in Germany (c. AD 3–6). He was awarded ornamenta triumphalia in the company of Tiberius, after ‘two’ victories and no doubt supplicationes binas. Finally, a flexible understanding of the word iterum can accommodate also the meanings ‘for another time’ and ‘twice’, either of which can work with the career of Saturninus. As for deprived Quirinius, among various problems, no two thanksgivings can be conceived for a war such as that of the Homonadenses, and, most condemningly, a reference to his important office under Gaius will never have been omitted in the titulus.
Źródło:
Scripta Judaica Cracoviensia; 2012, 10; 37-69 Kraków 2012
2084-3925
Pojawia się w:
Scripta Judaica Cracoviensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Działania republiki Turcji wobec „arabskiej wiosny” w Syrii
Autorzy:
Smoleń, Kinga
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/624589.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
Turkey, the Arab Spring, Middle East region, Syria
Turcja, „arabska wiosna”, Bliski Wschód, Syria
Opis:
The analysis provided in this article encompass the activities of the Republic of Turkey in light of the events of the Arab Spring in Syria. For this purpose, firstly, there is an outline of the assumptions of Turkey’s geopolitical strategy in relation to the Middle East region. Secondly, the implementation of this strategy during the lengthy conflict in Syria is analysed thoroughly. Thirdly, a relationship between the outbreak of the Arab Spring in Syria and re-evaluation of Turkey’s political activities in the Middle East will be shown.
Przedmiotem analizy w artykule jest polityka Turcji w warunkach wydarzeń określanych „arabską wiosną”. Stąd też, po pierwsze, skoncentrowano się na rekonstrukcji geopolitycznej strategii Turcji wobec regionu Bliskiego Wschodu. Po drugie, przedmiotem analizy stała się realizacja tej strategii wobec konfliktu w Syrii. Po trzecie, skoncentrowano się na pokazaniu relacji między początkiem „arabskiej wiosny” w Syrii i zmianą politycznej strategii Turcji wobec Bliskiego Wschodu.
Źródło:
Teka Komisji Politologii i Stosunków Międzynarodowych; 2016, 11, 3
1896-8279
Pojawia się w:
Teka Komisji Politologii i Stosunków Międzynarodowych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
War in Syria: No Good News for Israel?
Autorzy:
Bryc, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/624670.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
Israel, Syria, Russia, U.S., ISIS, the Middle East, Bashar Assad, war, conflict, security
Opis:
In the Middle East things are not always what they seem to be. It would appear that Israel and Syria are the odd couple in the Middle East. Although their relationship seems to be typical of sworn enemies, full of aggressive rhetoric, distrust and a hostile atmosphere, in fact, however, both countries were driven for decades by pragmatic security interests and they have managed to avoid a violent military clash. Yet the outbreak of the Syrian crisis in 2011 created an opportunity for Israel to change the regime in Damascus and made it rethink its policy towards Syria. Therefore, Jerusalem had to decide whether to take the historical chance or stay passive. The goal of this paper is to answer a few questions – whether the war in Syria is a challenge or a threat for Israel? How Jerusalem has tried to balance the chance to get rid of its old enemy and the fundamental security concerns about getting involved into a massive regional conflict. The analysis finds that Israel has a limited impact on events in Syria, that it is able to react at most, and in no case to create facts on the Syrian battlefront. It is also remarkable that, paradoxically, the turmoil in the Middle East even along the Israeli borders has not directly undermined the Jewish state due to the complexity of a dynamic situation and the fact the at superpowers are embroiled into contradictory campaigns.
Źródło:
Teka Komisji Politologii i Stosunków Międzynarodowych; 2017, 12, 1
1896-8279
Pojawia się w:
Teka Komisji Politologii i Stosunków Międzynarodowych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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