Wszystkie pola: "FARC" - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: FARC-Hezbollah: The success of Venezuela-Iran proxy groups and their convergence in the Americas
Autorzy:: Guarin P., Jeferson
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1194381.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2020
Wydawca:: Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Tematy:: cocaine traffic
money laundering
TOC
mitosis
revolution
destabilisation
Opis:: Persistence and adaptation are the main characteristics that have allowed FARC and Hezbollah to become perhaps the most successful proxy groups in recent years. Both Iran and Venezuela have sponsored the military, political and criminal actions of these alleged insurgent organisations. The main objective of this research was to identify and conceptualise the mitotic evolution of FARC and Hezbollah from purely armed organisms into consolidated political organisations in Colombia and Lebanon, and how this evolution has presented a criminal convergence in Venezuela based on drug trafficking and money laundering. This article is based on a comparative case-study of published research papers, documents, and official statements of FARC and Hezbollah, by applying a rational perspective that allows their performance to be deduced. The research results showed a constant mutation of these hybrid threats. Thus, not only was the political and military success of these organisations established but also the strategic support of a criminal dimension which converged in Venezuela, where the FARC drug trafficking and Hezbollah money laundering were amalgamated. Consequently, the investigation exposes the possible consequences of the FARC-Hezbollah criminal convergence in the Americas and its destabilising effects in the next decade.
Źródło:: Security and Defence Quarterly; 2020, 31, 4; 117-134
2300-8741
2544-994X
Pojawia się w:: Security and Defence Quarterly
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Post-9/11 Transnational Threats in Colombia: The Risk to National and Regional Security and Stability
Zagrożenia bezpieczeństwa w Kolumbii po zamachach na World Trade Center: ryzyko dla narodowego i regionalnego bezpieczeństwa i stabilności
Autorzy:: Buemberger, Raymond John
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1803801.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2021
Wydawca:: Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:: przestępczość zorganizowana
terroryzm
partyzantka
FARC
organizacje kryminalne
Kolumbia
Transnational Crime Organizations
transnational crime
Communist Guerrillas
Paramilitary Groups
Opis:: Kolumbia w okresie ostatnich pięćdziesięciu lat doświadczyła długiej i krwawej walki politycznej, w ramach tzw. pełzającej wojny domowej. W tym okresie komunistyczna partyzantka reprezentowana przez różne ugrupowania – Ruch 19 kwietnia (M-19), Narodowa Armia Wyzwolenia (ELN) czy wreszcie Rewolucyjne Siły Zbrojne Kolumbii (FARC), wielokrotnie próbowały obalić demokratycznie wybrany rząd, stosując brutalne metody walki, takie jak porwania dla okupu czy wymuszenia. Zamach terrorystyczny na Centrum Handlu Światowego we wrześniu 2001 roku był dodatkowym wzmocnieniem dla tych organizacji w ich krwawej walce z rządem. Autor charakteryzuje związane z atakiem na WTC konsekwencje dla bezpieczeństwa Kolumbii, wykorzystując dorobek Clausweitza czy Che Guevary. W zakończeniu wskazuje na współpracę regionalną w dziedzinie bezpieczeństwa jako jedną z metod walki z terroryzmem.
Colombia has experienced a long and difficult political struggle for over 50 years. During this time, communist guerrillas such as the 19th April movement (M-19), the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), the National Liberation Army (ELN), and the Popular Liberation Army (EPL) have sought to overthrow the government of Colombia and have engaged in illicit activities such as kidnappings and extortion to finance their operations. During the 1990s, these groups became involved in the cocaine trade, and engaged in drug trafficking which significantly increased their financial revenue, access to weapons, and the overall size in terms of membership. As these organizations witnessed the tragic events of September 11, 2001 take place in New York City and in other locations in the United States, they became emboldened and began to envision themselves overthrowing and defeating the government of Colombia. Through Al-Qaeda’s example, armed groups in Colombia imagined themselves as the biblical character David, who defeated the giant Goliath with a sling and a stone. After 9/11, Transnational Criminal Organizations (TCOs) operating in Colombia began to extend their reach beyond national borders and became a major threat to national and regional security. For decades, these groups were embedded and nested with insurgent groups, right wing paramilitary groups, and other illegally armed groups involved in the nation’s armed conflict. However, after the 2016 signing of the peace accord between the Colombian government and the political arm of the FARC, transnational criminal organizations now work in concert with each other, or opposing each other for control of the illegal drug industry in Colombia.19 This new criminal paradigm in Colombia is, in many ways, far more complex than the construct in place prior to 2016, and has created new security challenges for the government.
Źródło:: Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka; 2021, XLIV, 3; 129-140
1899-6264
2451-0718
Pojawia się w:: Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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