Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

English (EN)·Polski (PL)·Yкраїнський (UK)
Przejdź do strony domowej biblioteki Centralna Biblioteka Wojskowa Link otwiera się w nowym oknie Logo biblioteki Prolib Integro - strona głównaCentralna Biblioteka Wojskowa

Wyszukujesz frazę "ships' safety maritime" wg kryterium: Temat

  Lista filtrów
Wyrównaj
    Wyświetlanie 1-14 z 14
    Tytuł:
    On navigational situation evaluation under ambiguity and partial evidence
    Autorzy:
    Filipowicz, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/320679.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Forum Nawigacyjne
    Tematy:
    przewidywanie ryzyka nawigacyjnego
    bezpieczeństwo morskie statku
    navigational risk prediction
    ships' safety maritime
    Opis:
    The paper depicts new approach involving navigational situation assessment. Nowadays operator at maritime traffic monitoring station have access to a great amount of various quality data. Information come from different sources and the data are generated by multiple of sensors. Multiple sources of data create new challenge regarding data association. The challenge is met by technology called data fusion. By means of fusion, different sources of information are combined to arrive at proper decision. Ships safety factors were introduced to enable vessels' classification regarding potential consequences of an accident. It is assumed that safety factors are fuzzy, imprecise values. Small ranges of value were assigned to small craft without dangerous cargo. The largest intervals are reserved for huge crude carriers. Fuzzy factors (SF) depend on subjective evaluation of ships tonnage and on amount as well as harmfulness of their cargo. Extended scope of the SFs is introduced and reasoning on subjective classification discussed. Included numerical example illustrates presented material.
    Źródło:
    Annual of Navigation; 2009, 15; 25-32
    1640-8632
    Pojawia się w:
    Annual of Navigation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Maritime radio information systems
    Autorzy:
    Korcz, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246746.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    communication systems
    maritime safety communication
    ships' operating communication
    Opis:
    The article presents and evaluates the technical and operational possibilities of the maritime radio communications systems to be used especially for the exchange of information between the land users and ships. The basic functional requirements and regulations for Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) referring to the maritime radio information systems, resulting from the provisions of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) and Radio Regulations have been described. The article presents the role of information systems in the shipping and GMDSS as well. A current status of the maritime radio communication systems responsible for the exchange of information between the land users and ships has been presented. Operational and technical characteristics of the maritime radio systems used for the exchange of safety information and ships’ operating information have been described. The analysis of the systems responsible for broadcasting to the vessels the Maritime Safety Information (MSI) has been made. In this context, the operation, methods and ranges of broadcast of the Maritime Safety Information by the NAVTEX system and Inmarsat SafetyNet system have been discussed. The analysis of the systems responsible for the ships’ operating communications has been made too. The article also outlines the future of maritime radio information systems. In this context, two projects currently being implemented in the framework of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) by the Sub-Committee on Navigation, Communications, Search, and Rescue (NCSR) have been presented. The first of these projects under the name of e-Navigation refers to the use of the latest information and communication technologies in shipping. The second one concerns the modernization of the GMDSS. It is expected that as the outcome of these project works, among others, new maritime radio information systems presented here will be adopted.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2017, 24, 3; 127-134
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Selected operational limitations in the operation of passenger and cargo ships under SOLAS Convention (1974)
    Autorzy:
    Stępień, Julianna
    Pilarska, Malwina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1818898.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
    Tematy:
    SOLAS Convention
    passenger ships
    ferry safety
    life saving appliances
    on board ships
    maritime safety
    mechanical propulsions
    Opis:
    Presented are regulations concerning the operation of passenger ships (with particular emphasis on Polish ferries) designed to increase maritime safety the SOLAS Convention, established in 1974 and codified in 2002, codifies these regulations, and the International Maritime Organization mandates additional regulations, created in response to a rapidly increasing number of maritime disasters. The analyses described herein were based on restrictions established for the “Jan Śniadecki” and “Mikołaj Kopernik” ferries. Safety of ro-ro units, which also typically have a significant number of people on board, was also analyzed. Also included in the study were ship operational- limitation characteristics with respect to structure, unsinkability, and stability of machinery and electrical equipment, fire protection, operational requirements, and rescue measures and devices, along with their purpuroses. Safety management consists of taking appropriate actions to prevent or minimize the effects of an accident or a disaster and is assessed on the basis of calculations and experience gleaned from analogous cases. Safety management can proceed if a problem has been thoroughly assessed. The potential risk of negative consequences with respect to the safety of the transport process as a whole must be considered, and the safety of the whole must not be risked for that of a particular part of it. A safety management decision can be made when its necessity is not in doubt. A problem is assumed to have only one solution. The effectiveness of the previously used method should be carefully assessed before proceeding to the next method. Security management is not easy and requires much professional knowledge and experience.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2021, 65 (137); 21-26
    1733-8670
    2392-0378
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Stability and safety of ships : holistic and risk approach
    Autorzy:
    Kobyliński, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2069592.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Polskie Towarzystwo Bezpieczeństwa i Niezawodności
    Tematy:
    maritime safety
    risk analysis
    ship's stability
    ice accretion on ships
    Opis:
    Present stability regulations developed over the years by IMO reached definite conclusion with the adoption of the Revised Draft of the Intact Stability Code. The criteria included there are design criteria of the prescriptive nature, based mainly on statistics of stability casualties. Currently IMO is considering development of criteria based on ship performance. Concept of such criteria is, however, at present not agreed. The criteria are working comparatively well with regard to the majority of conventional ships, however advent of very large and sophisticated ships of non-conventional features caused that those criteria may be inadequate. The author advances the idea consisting of application of safety assessment and risk analysis using holistic and system approach to stability. Safety against capsizing (or LOSA accident) is a complex system where design, operational, environmental and human factors have to be taken into account. Although this seems to be a very complex task, in the opinion of the author it may be manageable and could be applied for safety assessment of highly sophisticated and costly ships.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association; 2007, 2; 211--218
    2084-5316
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Understanding the Interrelation between the Safety of Life at Sea Convention and Certain IMO’s Code
    Autorzy:
    Guevara, D.
    Dalaklis, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1841521.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    SOLAS Convention
    Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships
    International Maritime Organization
    IMO’s Codes
    ISM Code
    Safety of Navigation
    Navigational Safety Risk Assessment
    Opis:
    Over the last few decades, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has very heavily utilized the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974 Convention as the main legal instrument (and implementation tool) concerning safety at sea for merchant vessels engaged in international trade. During this more than a century of existence and continuous improvement of the Convention, wide-ranging safety risks have been addressed via SOLAS and certain relevant “supporting” Codes, covering for example the issues of design, construction and equipment of ships, as well as paving the way for the introduction of a structured framework of operational procedures that ensures a high level of professional performance for the crew onboard those seagoing vessels (the International Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and for Pollution Prevention-ISM Code) and even including human factors topics. Until this point in time, the IMO has developed the SOLAS Convention with fourteen (14) chapters that are covering all the main risks associated with shipping operations and are working in parallel with other related Conventions and Codes to enhance the level of safety at sea, under a holistic approach that is working under the principle of interrelation. This paper aims to briefly discuss SOLAS’ history of development and highlight just a few of those important risks that this Convention is addressing, with certain emphasis on the topic of “safety of navigation”. Apart from helping to understand the way this Convention and other IMO’s legal instruments are interrelated, it will also provide a few educated guesses about the “upcoming” challenges that in the near future should also be included into the scope of the SOLAS, with the topic of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MAAS) clearly standing out.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2021, 15, 2; 381-389
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Global ships monitoring system - basic requirements and principle of introducing
    Światowy system monitorowania statków - podstawowe wymagania i zasady wprowadzenia
    Autorzy:
    Wawruch, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/374986.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
    Tematy:
    transport morski
    bezpieczeństwo nawigacji
    monitorowanie statków
    LRIT
    maritime transport
    safety of navigation
    ships monitoring
    Opis:
    Paper presents legal and technical possibilities, architecture and principle of work of the Long-Range Identification and Tracking (LRIT) system prepared and established by the International Maritime Organisation (DVIO) Intersessional Working Group on LRIT and described in resolutions: MSC.202(81), MSC.210(81) and MSC.211(81), adopted by Maritime Safety Committee of this Organisation.
    Referat przedstawia prawne i techniczne możliwości wprowadzenia oraz strukturę i zasadę pracy systemu identyfikacji i śledzenia dalekiego zasięgu (LRIT), opracowane przez Międzysesyjną Grupę Roboczą Międzynarodowej Organizacji Morskiej (DVIO) ds. LRIT i opisane w przyjętych przez Komitet Bezpieczeństwa na Morzu rezolucjach 202(81), 210(81) i 211(81).
    Źródło:
    Transport Problems; 2008, 3, 2; 59-66
    1896-0596
    2300-861X
    Pojawia się w:
    Transport Problems
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The role of the master in improving safety culture onboard ships
    Autorzy:
    Bielić, T.
    Predovan, D.
    Čulin, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116440.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    safety culture
    role of master
    safety culture onboard ships
    safety at sea
    ISM Code
    maritime safety culture
    Safety Management System (SMS)
    Bridge Resource Management
    Opis:
    As a complex socio-technical system marine transportation is open to risks. Due to the efforts of international organisations, flag and port administrations, classification societies and ship-owners the safety record has steadily improved. However, marine accidents resulting from inadequate safety culture still occur. In this paper examples of recent accidents related to different dimensions of safety culture are provided. The role of the master in achieving an enhanced safety is emphasised.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2017, 11, 1; 121-124
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Places of refuge for ships in distress: the South African approach and challenges
    Autorzy:
    Seti, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116345.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    distress and emergency
    Places of Refuge
    Ships in Distress
    South Africa
    South African Maritime Safety Authority (SAMSA)
    distress
    emergency operation
    coastal authority
    Opis:
    The South African Maritime Safety Authority (“SAMSA”) responds to emergency calls from distressed ships. SAMSA, as a coastal authority, operates in terms of the South African maritime regulatory framework and its approach used to be robust. For example, South Africa is the first country to recognize the need to have a tug solely for the purpose of assisting ships in distress. However, close examination of the recent maritime incidents shows that SAMSA’s approach is falling short of keeping up with the ever changing challenges of places of refuge for ships in distress. This paper seeks to critically assess SAMSA’s approach to ships in distress as informed by the South African regulatory framework. The paper will further examine the possible solutions to identified shortcomings.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2020, 14, 1; 67-74
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Safe information exchange on board of the ship
    Autorzy:
    Ahvenjärvi, S.
    Czarnowski, I.
    Kåla, J.
    Kyster, A.
    Meyer, I.
    Mogensen, J.
    Szyman, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/116173.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    information exchange
    navigation safety
    autonomous ship
    autonomous ships navigation
    information technology (IT)
    safe information exchange
    maritime education and training (MET)
    cyber security
    Opis:
    The first ever attempt at fully autonomous dock-to-dock operation has been tested and demonstrated successfully at the end of 2018. The revolutionary shift is feared to have a negative impact on the safety of navigation and the getting of real-time situation awareness. Especially, the centralized context onboard could be changed to a distributed context. In navigation safety domain, monitoring, control, assessment of dangerous situations, support of operators of decision-making support system should be implemented in real time. In the context of autonomous ships, decision-making processes will play an important role under such ocean autonomy, therefore the same technologies should consist of adequate system intelligence. At the same time, situation awareness is the key element of the decision-making processes. Although there is substantial research on situation awareness measurement techniques, they are not suitable to directly execute quantitative processing for the situation awareness of autonomous ships navigation. Hence, a novel quantitative model of situation awareness is firstly proposed based on the system safety control structure of remotely controlled vessel. The data source is greatly limited, but the main result still indicates that the probability of operator lose adequate situation awareness of the autonomous ship is significantly higher than the conventional ship. Finally, the paper provides a probabilistic theory and model for high-level abstractions of situation awareness to guide future evaluation of the navigation safety of autonomous ships.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2019, 13, 1; 165-171
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    New Load Line Rules - Success or Failure?
    Nowe prawidła o liniach ładunkowych - sukces czy porażka?
    Autorzy:
    Kobyliński, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/360473.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
    Tematy:
    EXPLO-SHIP 2006
    bezpieczeństwo statku
    linie ładunkowe
    zalewanie pokładu
    Międzynarodowa Organizacja Morska
    IMO
    safety of ships
    load lines
    deck wetness
    International Maritime Organisation
    Opis:
    New Load Lines regulations came into force on 01.01.2005. This is the result of the long time preparations within IMO SLF Sub-Committee. The work was aimed at the review of the provisions of the LL Convention and, in particular, revision of freeboard tables based on deck wetness concept. This aim was only partially achieved. The first part of the LL Convention including conditions of assignment was totally re-drafted, but freeboard tables were not changed. The subject of revising freeboard tables was eventually deleted from the work programme of IMO.
    Nowe prawidła dotyczące linii ładunkowych weszły w życie w dniu 1.01.2005 r. po długich przygotowaniach w ramach Podkomitetu SLF IMO. Celem tych przygotowań była nowelizacja prawideł technicznych konwencji o liniach ładunkowych, a w szczególności nowelizacja tabel wolnej burty, które oparto na zasadzie zalewania pokładu. Cel ten został tylko częściowo osiągnięty. Pierwsza część konwencji o liniach ładunkowych zawierająca warunki przyznawania wolnej burty została gruntownie przeredagowana, lecz tabele wolnej burty pozostały niezmienione. Sprawa rewizji tabel wolnej burty została odsunięta na czas nieokreślony wobec skreślenia tego punktu z programu prac IMO.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2006, 11 (83); 141-150
    1733-8670
    2392-0378
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ships’ routes to Polish Ports of the Gulf of Gdańsk
    Autorzy:
    Wawruch, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2063976.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    Safety at Sea
    Ships' Routes
    Gulf of Gdansk
    Baltic Ship Monitoring System
    Baltic Sea Hydrographic Commission
    Polish Maritime Administration
    Automatic Identification System
    Polish Ports
    Opis:
    The paper discusses ships’ routes to Polish ports in the Gulf of Gdańsk determined on the basis of data obtained from the Baltic Ship Monitoring System by means of AIS coast stations and defined by the Baltic Sea Hydrographic Commission (BSHC). The measures to regulate maritime traffic implemented by the Polish maritime administration in order to reduce the identified risk of groundings and ship collisions are presented, as well as the author's opinion on their effectiveness.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2021, 15, 3; 583--590
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Quantitative processing of situation awareness for autonomous ships navigation
    Autorzy:
    Zhou, X. Y.
    Liu, Z. J.
    Wu, Z. L.
    Wang, F. W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117424.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    autonomous vessel
    autonomous ship
    autonomous ships navigation
    situation awareness (SA)
    quantitative processing
    navigation safety
    remotely controlled vessel
    maritime unmanned navigation through intelligence in networks (MUNIN)
    Opis:
    The first ever attempt at fully autonomous dock-to-dock operation has been tested and demonstrated successfully at the end of 2018. The revolutionary shift is feared to have a negative impact on the safety of navigation and the getting of real-time situation awareness. Especially, the centralized context onboard could be changed to a distributed context. In navigation safety domain, monitoring, control, assessment of dangerous situations, support of operators of decision-making support system should be implemented in real time. In the context of autonomous ships, decision-making processes will play an important role under such ocean autonomy, therefore the same technologies should consist of adequate system intelligence. At the same time, situation awareness is the key element of the decision-making processes. Although there is substantial research on situation awareness measurement techniques, they are not suitable to directly execute quantitative processing for the situation awareness of autonomous ships navigation. Hence, a novel quantitative model of situation awareness is firstly proposed based on the system safety control structure of remotely controlled vessel. The data source is greatly limited, but the main result still indicates that the probability of operator lose adequate situation awareness of the autonomous ship is significantly higher than the conventional ship. Finally, the paper provides a probabilistic theory and model for high-level abstractions of situation awareness to guide future evaluation of the navigation safety of autonomous ships.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2019, 13, 1; 25-31
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Operations of maritime autonomous surface ships
    Autorzy:
    Pietrzykowski, J.
    Pietrzykowski, Z.
    Hajduk, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117150.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS)
    autonomous ship
    MASS technology
    MASS autonomy
    MASS safety
    Advanced Autonomous Waterborne Application (AAWA)
    Sea Traffic Management (STM)
    situational awareness at sea
    Opis:
    Advancing technologies create unique opportunities for constructing autonomous ships, which, in turn, raise growing interest of the maritime industry, shipowners in particular. These authors have analyzed actions taken in this field and some aspects related to the operations of maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS). The presented case study refers to a ship with a skeleton crew on a deep sea voyage, where the ship’s autonomy is narrowed to the fourth stage of transport task – sea voyage and its navigational aspect.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2019, 13, 4; 725-733
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Preliminary results of a system-theoretic assessment of maritime autonomous surface ships’ safety
    Autorzy:
    Wróbel, K.
    Krata, P.
    Montewka, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117567.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
    Tematy:
    Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS)
    autonomous ship
    MUNIN project
    Advanced Autonomous Waterborne Application (AAWA)
    System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA)
    System-Theoretic Accident Model and Process (STAMP)
    unmanned shipping system
    safety at sea
    Opis:
    While a system-theoretic approach to the safety analysis of innovative socio-technical systems gains a growing acceptance among academia, safety issues of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) remain largely unexplored. Therefore, we applied a System-Theoretic Process Analysis to develop and analyze a preliminary model of the unmanned shipping system in order to elaborate safety recommendations for future developers of the actual system. Results indicate that certain advancements shall be undertaken in relation to MASS’ software solutions in particular.
    Źródło:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2019, 13, 4; 717-723
    2083-6473
    2083-6481
    Pojawia się w:
    TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-14 z 14

      Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies