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Tytuł:
Criminal liability for fake marriages in the context of human trafficking (ECPRD Request No. 4693)
Odpowiedzialność karna za zawieranie fałszywych małżeństw w kontekście handlu ludźmi (wniosek ECPRD nr 4693)
Autorzy:
Tazuszel, Angelina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2196754.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
ECPRD
human trafficking
Opis:
The author presents national legislation concerning criminal responsibility for fake marriages within the framework of human trafficking, including selected provisions on marriages that are in force in Poland and legislation on human trafficking (including international conventions on counteracting human trafficking to which Poland is a party). As the Author emphasizes, perpetrators of trafficking in human beings are punished in Poland on the basis of the Criminal Code.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2021, 2(70); 246-250
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prasa i film II Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej wobec handlu białymi niewolnicami
Autorzy:
Suchenek, Renata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/631055.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
human trafficking
film
press
Opis:
This article presents, from a historical perspective, the role that the press and film played in the fight against slave trade in 2nd Republic of Poland, in the years 1918-1939. Source material for the paper had been obtained from state archives (the Archive of New Acts in Warsaw, the State Archive in Poznań) and the Archdiocesan Archive in Poznań, as well as excerpted from magazines and films from the period. Articles and press statements which provided information on human trafficking, human traffickers, socio-political countermeasures employed in Europe and in Poland conveyed the image of Polish involvement in the fight against human trafficking, the victims of which were Polish women. Films (scientific, feature films) were the means of propaganda in the fight against human trafficking, the main goal of which was mostly raising public awarenesssłowa klucze
Źródło:
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia; 2015, 11; 123-146
2082-5951
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
MIĘDZYNARODOWA OCHRONA PRAW CZŁOWIEKA W KONTEKŚCIE ZJAWISKA HANDLU LUDŹMI
INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PHENOMENON OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING
Autorzy:
Szymański, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/512821.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
human rights
human trafficking
slavery
Opis:
The subject of this study is the international protection of human rights in the context of human trafficking and slavery. Human trafficking and slavery are one of the most vivid examples of the violation of the individual's right to freedom, integrity and security, and of the denial of human dignity, which is the main pillar of the international system for the protection of human rights. Therefore, trade in live goods and other crimes related to the exploitation of prostitution have become the subject of several international conventions. International communities have decided to prevent and combat this phenomenon with the help of criminal law instruments. The study contains explanations of statutory concepts related to the protection of human rights and human trafficking. In addition, it discusses the forms of protection of human rights. The theoretical nature of this paper is based on publications in the field of international law, criminal law, and constitutional law.
Źródło:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo; 2019, 17, 3; 5-24 (20)
1732-9639
Pojawia się w:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Migrations and Their Effect on Human Trafficking - Security Challenges for the European Union
Autorzy:
Počuča, Milan
Matijašević, Jelena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1811308.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-10-28
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Migrations
Human Trafficking
European Union
International Security
Opis:
For centuries, migrations have been features of social communities, and it is quite certain they will remain so in the future. However, what marks certain periods or circumstances are the causes of migrations, their manifestations, extent, dynamics, the general directions of migrant movement, and the corresponding effects on the safety of individuals, regions, and even international security. In this paper we have defined what migrations are and discussed their effect on human trafficking one of the most dangerous forms of organised crime - and the security challenges in this domain in the European Union area, also with regard to international security. In terms of the variety of its exploitative objectives, human trafficking is an international, organised, criminal phenomenon with severe consequences on the security, well-being, and human rights of its victims. In the opinion of many, sexual exploitation is one of the most widespread forms of exploitation of human trafficking victims in practice. According to data available to Europol, 10,000 migrant children have so far disappeared after their arrival on European soil. The scope and dynamics of migratory movements of the last few years, and their relation to numerous illegal activities, certainly affect the security of individuals and regions, as well as international security. It is important to consider whether the European Union, in attempting to protect the national security of EU states by numerous restrictive measures, has achieved that in reality, or has actually produced the opposite effect in this area.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2021, 25, 3; 27-38
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wątpliwości i kontrowersje wokół definicji handlu ludźmi
Doubts and controversies concerning the definition of human trafficking
Autorzy:
Sitarz, Olga
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698949.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
handel ludźmi
polityka kryminalna
human trafficking
criminalization
Opis:
The publication discusses introduction of new solutions pertaining to human trafficking to Polish legal system, namely the very definition of the phenomenon in the act of law. The article is divided into 6 parts. In part one, the author indicates the reasons why the law in this area needs to be changed and enumerates the duties imposed on the legislator. Since human trafficking is a very complex criminological phenomenon, part three discusses the problem of the criminological definition of human trafficking. The legislator, creating penal provisions for such deeds must naturally take the phenomenology of human trafficking into account, at the same time bearing in mind that the provisions at this stage of using them will be subject to interpretation. This interpretation, as criminal law is repressive in nature, has its own rules. Hence part four is devoted to selected issues of interpretation in criminal law but only from the point of view of the analysed changes in law. The penultimate part includes discussion of the role and meaning of legal definitions in criminal law, also in the light of international obligations of the Republic of Poland. The final part contains a critical analysis of the definition of human trafficking.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 2010, XXXII; 327-344
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza uwarunkowań i mechanizmów niezbędnych do zwiększenia skuteczności działań służb w realizacji zadań ustawowych w obszarze handlu ludźmi
Overview of the Conditions and Procedural Measures Deemed Necessary to Increase the Overall Effectiveness of the State Law Enforcement Bodies in Combating Human Trafficking
Autorzy:
Namysłowska-Gabrysiak, Barbara
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698648.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
handel ludźmi
działania służb w realizacji zadań ustawowych w obszarze handlu ludźmi
kryminologia
combating human trafficking
human trafficking
Opis:
The study aims to address the various procedural measures whose development at different levels of national legislation, as well as at the institutional level of state law enforcement agencies, may contribute both to preventing and combating human trafficking more effectively. The overall effectiveness of prosecuting the actual perpetrators of this crime and effective protection of its victims depends primarily on adopting adequate legal instruments, and secondly, on the actual organization of work within the law enforcement bodies directly responsible for preventing and combating human trafficking, i.e. the State Prosecuting Service, the Police, and the Border Guard, whereas ensuring adequate protection of the victims also falls within the statutory remit of the judicial institutions, first and foremost, the common courts of law. With this in mind, the study discusses several select legal instruments pertaining to the prosecution of perpetrators and the system of victims protection, in conjunction with an assessment of their effective application in everyday practice. At the same time, the study attempts to address the proposed procedural measures deemed necessary to boost the overall effectiveness of the state law enforcement bodies in pursuing their statutory objectives with regard to human trafficking at large. Due to the space constraints, only those measures which are currently deemed to pose by far the biggest challenges, as well as those believed to create barriers to effective combating of human trafficking are addressed. In terms of the overall efficiency of the prosecution services, the present study discusses the results of other studies focused on practical application of the legal definition of human trafficking, as per the provisions of Article 189a, § 1 of the Polish Penal Code in conjunction with the provisions of Article 115, § 22 of the Polish Penal Code, as well as the actual modus operandi of the perpetrators, and also those favoured by various crime syndicates involved in human trafficking for business purposes. As far as the standards of victims protection are concerned, the study focuses on their presentation in terms of human rights, and the active obligation of the respective countries to ensure both legally and actually effective protection for the victims of this crime, in particular the standards applied to their identification, as strongly highlighted in the literature on the subject. Furthermore, the general body of knowledge and overall awareness of all state law enforcement agencies with regard to the individual components of human trafficking is also given due prominence. Those comprise, first and foremost, violence against women, secondary victimization, gender stigma, especially in the case of sexual exploitation, the overall cultural and social context, migration, and respective socio-economic status of the victims. Making the law enforcement agencies and the judiciary more aware of the existence of those components is essential to improving and enhancing their overall effectiveness in the pursuit of their statutory obligations, particularly with regard to ensuring that an effective system of victims protection is put in place.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 2016, XXXVIII; 125-139
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sex, Money and Modern Slavery: Trafficking of Travestis and Trans Women from Brazil to Europe for Sexual Exploitation
Seks, pieniądze i nowoczesne niewolnictwo: handel travestis i transkobietami z Brazylii do Europy w celu wykorzystania seksualnego
Autorzy:
Nogueira Cunha, Leonam Lucas
Ponthieu, Jules
Soares Mesquita, Lucas Isaac
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/23202399.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-11-24
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Instytut Studiów Iberyjskich i Iberoamerykańskich
Tematy:
Modern-slavery
prostitution
human-trafficking
trans women
travestis
Opis:
While sex and money may appear as subversive notions, attracting easily all the attention, it is also true that the issues raised in this article are, paradoxically, largely invisibilised. This invisibility seems to counterbalance the importance of the phenomena described in this work and justifies it in itself. Indeed, by coming back to the various mechanisms that lead to the immigration, voluntary or not, of Brazilian trans women and travestis to Europe, this article aims to emphasise the social and concrete realities suffered by these victims and related to their sexual exploitation. If, as we will see in our study, this particular migration is explained and driven by a strong desire to accomplish themselves more freely and decently in Europe and thus escape social realities such as discriminations and attacks that are part of their daily lives in Brazil, it is clear that when they arrive in Europe, these victims are confronted with a harsh reality, where their rights are violated and where a return to the past appears sometimes impossible. From a socio-anthropological and legal perspective, the objective of this work is to look at the characteristics of this sexual trafficking, which, as we shall see, can be identified as a form of modern slavery. We will, therefore, discuss the key notions and concepts related to this issue, before analysing the concrete manifestations of this form of modern slavery and attempting to explain it.
Źródło:
Ameryka Łacińska. Kwartalnik analityczno-informacyjny; 2022, 30, 3 (117); 75-100
1506-8900
2081-1152
Pojawia się w:
Ameryka Łacińska. Kwartalnik analityczno-informacyjny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Criminalisation of immigration law
Autorzy:
Wróbel, Włodzimierz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48899526.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-03-09
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
crimmigration
criminal law
immigration law
immigrants
human trafficking
Opis:
The study deals with a new phenomenon in criminal and immigration law referred to as crimmigration. It involves the use in immigration law of instruments borrowed from criminal law, such as detention, banishment, procedures used in criminal law and the powers of police authorities, in order to combat illegal immigration. The commission of a criminal offence becomes a premise for deportation of persons who are even legally present in the country. On the other hand, new types of offences criminalising illegal border crossing and illegal residence are introduced into the criminal law area. Criminalisation of illegal immigration intersects with the tendency to protect victims of the crime of human trafficking and human smuggling. It must also take into account international treaties providing international protection to refugees from areas of armed conflict, persecution and humanitarian crises, often resulting from climate change. Paradoxically, the tightening of criminal law instruments to combat human trafficking worsens the situation of victims of this crime. The article also analyses Polish regulations in this area, indicating that they correspond to the phenomenon of crimmigration and presenting the possibilities of interpreting the relevant provisions in a way that guarantees observance of the principles of humanitarianism towards immigrants.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2023, 100; 300-320
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Political Economy of Trans-Border Migration Crises and Human Trafficking in Africa
Autorzy:
Zoaka, Yusufu
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/616782.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
migration
human trafficking
drug trafficking
terrorism
commercial sex
neoclassical political economy
Opis:
Encouraged by porous border boundaries in Africa, trafficking in persons and objects is a demand-driven global venture that has market potential for: commercial sex, cheap labour, terrorism, and drug-related crimes. Most African States, especially Nigeria, have been reputed as hardliners in encouraging these illicit trends. Chief among the motivating factors include: domestic insecurity, political instability, economic recession, and institutional failure, etc. Amongst other instigating factors however, this paper takes a cursory look at the relationship between the twin crime of trans-border migration crises and human trafficking in Nigeria, and the attendant political economic implications on the Nigerian polity. Data relied on are largely gotten from secondary sources. The paper employs the neoclassical political economic theory of migration. Findings from conceptual and theoretical reviews of literatures show that the incentive for human trafficking and migration-related offences is not only profit driven but also a fall-out from institutional failure. The paper recommends a taut border security, which can disallow border related crimes like drug and human trafficking. The paper also sues for people-oriented leadership that will eschew illicit crimes such as the above.
Źródło:
Przegląd Politologiczny; 2018, 3; 71-82
1426-8876
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Politologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The intersection of transnational and international criminal law – example of trafficking in persons
Autorzy:
Głogowska-Balcerzak, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2106709.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-05-30
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
Trafficking in persons
human trafficking
transnational organized crime
international criminal law
Opis:
The paper addresses the possible intersection of transnational and international criminal law, using the example of the crime of trafficking in persons. In recent years traf- ficking in persons has gathered a great deal of attention from scholars, practitioners and politicians, nevertheless theoretical aspects concerning that notion and its relation with other concepts present in international law – such as slavery, practices similar to slavery, enslavements etc . – have still been neglected . As this notion appears at the intersection of different areas of law, including transnational and international criminal law, its closer analysis can contribute to determination of theoretical boundaries of both areas of international law.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2022, 49, 2; 271-286
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Handel ludźmi - aspekty społeczne i prawne
Human Trafficking – Social and Legal Aspects
Autorzy:
Lasocik, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2137101.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
human trafficking
victim of human trafficking
human smuggling
slavery
servitude
modern−day slavery
handel ludźmi
ofiara handlu ludźmi
zniewolenie
współczesne formy niewolnictwa
Opis:
Human trafficking has been a growing concern for the international public opinion in recent years. While slavery and similar practices seem to be a thing of the past, the problem persists in a variety of forms, including forced prostitution, forced labour, child pornography or trafficking of human organs and may even take on less explicit forms, such as forced marriages. Whatever the form, human trafficking means total servitude and leads to denial of humanity. Human trafficking is a form of slavery, a serious crime and a major violation of human rights. Because of this, governments must provide an effective means to combat the problem and first and foremost protect and support the victims. Civil society also carries an important responsibility and has its role to play. There must be public awareness of the problem of human trafficking to exert pressure on governments to meet their responsibilities and develop social infrastructure designed to support and protect the victims. Human trafficking has been and continues to be on the agenda of a variety of international fora and is the subject of international and national legal regulations.
Handel ludźmi to zjawisko, które w ostatnich latach ogniskuje uwagę tzw. międzynarodowej opinii publicznej. Chociaż wydawać by się mogło, że niewolnictwo i praktyki zbliżone do niewolnictwa należą do przeszłości, to jednak okazuje się, że jest to zjawisko wciąż obecne w życiu społecznym i przybiera różnorodne formy, takie jak: wymuszona prostytucja, praca przymusowa, pornografia dziecięca czy handel narządami ludzkimi. Czasem przybiera formy mniej jednoznaczne, np. małżeństwa przymusowe. W każdej z tych form handel ludźmi prowadzi do absolutnego zniewolenia, a przez to jest drastycznym zaprzeczeniem człowieczeństwa. Handel ludźmi jest zatem formą niewolnictwa. Jest to jedno z najcięższych przestępstw (zbrodnia) oraz naruszenie praw człowieka. Z tych wszystkich powodów na instytucjach państwa spoczywa obowiązek skutecznego przeciwdziałania temu zjawisku, ale przede wszystkim obowiązek ochrony i opieki nad ofiarą. Obowiązki ciążą także na członkach społeczeństwa, zorganizowanych w społeczeństwo obywatelskie. Obowiązki te streszczają się w oczekiwaniu, że społeczeństwo będzie posiadało wiedzę na temat handlu ludźmi, będzie wywierało naciski na państwo, aby to wywiązywało się, że swoich zobowiązań, ale przede wszystkim, że stworzy infrastrukturę społeczną, która zagwarantuje ofierze rzeczywistą opiekę. Handel ludźmi był i jest przedmiotem obrad licznych gremiów międzynarodowych, a także regulacji prawnych, tak międzynarodowych jak i narodowych.
Źródło:
Studia Socjologiczne; 2007, 4(187); 31-57
0039-3371
Pojawia się w:
Studia Socjologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Human trafficking for sex exploitation in Thailand
Autorzy:
Opanovych, Nataliya
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/526958.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Collegium Civitas
Tematy:
human trafficking
sex industry
sex tourism in Thailand
ASEAN
Opis:
Research paper addresses an issue of sex trafficking in the Kingdom of Thailand and analyzes it through external and internal perspectives. Firstly, legal framework of The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in regards to human rights violations and its activities to eliminate the problem in the region are examined. Secondly, historical reasons of sex industry in Thailand, state of affairs and its con-sequences for the society are discussed and local government’s activities are criti-cized. Lastly, sex tourism as a main cause of the problem is identified.
Źródło:
Securitologia; 2016, 1 (23); 103-110
1898-4509
Pojawia się w:
Securitologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Defining and Regulating Prostitution from the Polish and European Perspective
Autorzy:
Lasocik, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1039211.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Prostitution
Sex Work
Sex Business
Human Trafficking
Legal Regulations
Opis:
Prostitution has not received the academic interest it deserves in Poland. On the one hand the issue of eroticism and human sexuality is a relatively strong cultural taboo, on the other research on prostitution raises numerous methodological difficulties. The purpose of this article is to explore two issues. The first is go back to unsatisfactory attempts to define the commercial sex. The second is to look at legal regulations regarding this issue in Poland and several European countries. At the level of sociological reflection, prostitution can be defined by referring to the elements of a specific interaction between two people, one o whom offers paid sex and the other of whom is interested in using such a service. Prostitution is defined completely differently in law and in several European countries, for example in Great Britain and Austria there are interesting legal provisions. But I propose my own definition of prostitution or sex work in which the eight elements are combined. As far as legal regulations of prostitution are concern four categories of countries can be mentioned in Europe. From these in which the provision and purchase of sexual services is prohibited, to those where prostitution is legal and the professional status of the person engaging in it is regulated. There is also variety of perceptions of prostitution as a social phenomenon and different typologies of policies implemented by individual countries. But it appears that further studies on sex business and prostitution as a social phenomenon are needed.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2021, 25, 1; 103-125
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Człowiek na sprzedaż
Man for sale
Autorzy:
Zwoliński, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2170330.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-12
Wydawca:
Wyższe Seminarium Duchowne Diecezji Elbląskiej w Elblągu
Tematy:
man
reification
slavery
human trafficking
economy
greed
prostitution
dignity
Opis:
The author examines the issue of human exploitation, which often results from unrestrained urge to make profits. The extreme, though all too real, instance of this in the 20th century were practices employed in the concentration camp in Auschwitz. Reification, or objectification of a human being, made it possible to treat him as if he was a thing, a commodity. Similarly, globalization and subordination of life to the dictates of the market creates modern forms of human exploitation, like human trafficking, organ trafficking, buying and selling one’s work or creative output – everything is for sale. Unrestrained urge to make profits equals to economic and human exploitation which is totally at odds with the ethics and the Catholic Social Teaching.
Źródło:
Studia Elbląskie; 2012, 13; 311-328
1507-9058
Pojawia się w:
Studia Elbląskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wizerunek ofiary handlu kobietami w krajowym orzecznictwie karnym na podstawie analizy wyroków w sprawach o handel ludźmi w latach 1997-2009
The image of women trafficking victimis in the polish judicial decisions based on judgements on human trafficking criminal cases between 1997 and 2009
Autorzy:
Koss-Goryszewska, Maryla
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698553.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
handel ludźmi
ofiary handlu ludźmi
kryminologia feministyczna
women trafficking victims
human trafficking
Opis:
The article presents results of an analysis on Polish courts' judgements passed in criminal cases between 1997 and 2009 concerning human trafficking, i.e. former Article 253§1 and 204§4 Penal Code, conducted with an aim to investigate the image of the party injured as a result of such crime. The research included 59 court cases concerning sexual abuse of women, in which a judgement of conviction (either final and binding or not) was passed. The aim of the research was to the reconstruct the process in which a victim of women trafficking is seen by judges, to analyse the language used by judges in dealing with the victims, and to check if there is a specific model or models in the manner the victims' image is seen by judges. As part of this research, an analysis of semantic fields and qualitative analysis were conducted. The conclusions from the former show that the language used by judges when referring to the crime victims is highly diversified: ranging from formal, official registers ('the injured party', 'women', 'witness'), to vernacular and hardly formal, or even vulgar ('white slaves', 'roadside hookers'). As long as the first of the above registers does not carry any judgemental aspect in describing victims of human trafficking, the other style proves how negative the image is: one of a prostitute or a naïve, reckless girl. The semantic field analysis showed that among the expressions referring to the victims, the ones suggesting that the women got what they deserved were predominant. This language contains an element of the victim's causative involvement, suggesting that the women had some part of the blame for the circumstances, or that the circumstances were not as threatening or traumatising. It is often emphasised that the victims themselves agreed to travel, or had had prostitution experience before. Interesting conclusions can be drawn from analysis of semantic field equivalents, or in other words, the expressions used in lieu of the word 'victim'. Two groups emerge from among them: one, negative judgemental language used towards the injured party, and two, neutral. In the former group expressions such as: 'subject of trade', 'social outcast', 'property', 'human merchandise', 'merchandise subject to', 'a working girl', 'ladies of the evening', 'girls' are found. A considerable portion of these expressions indicates that the human trafficking victims are seen as de facto prostitutes ('prostitutes', 'roadside hookers', 'ladies of the evening'). Another thing that draws attention is the register of the language, with examples of colloquial or even vulgar words being used, which is certainly improper in documents of such importance. The fact that judges used inverted commas when they opting for some of these expressions in writing cannot serve as an excuse.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 2013, XXXV; 161-191
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 75

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