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Tytuł:
Effect of Additives on Maximizing Petrol Production from Crude Oil and Investigation of Properties
Autorzy:
Ashaduzzaman, Md.
Miah Yunus, Md.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/412104.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
petrol
crude oil
additive
quality
mechanism
Opis:
The objectives of this work were concentrated to investigate the enhancement of petrol distillate production from crude oil after treating with two additives. Attempts were also made to find out the mechanisms, those are responsible for enhancing the quantity and quality of petrol from crude oil by straight run refining process. From this study, it has been illustrated that the yield of petrol was directly proportional to the lubricating oil and inversely proportional to the bitumen asphalt content in the hydrocarbon mixture influenced by both physical and chemical reasons. The yield of petrol was increased ca. 4% (w/w) when 0.25% (w/w) additive-1 was used for blending before distillation. The physical properties of distillate petrol product were studied as well as the chemical quality was determined by TGA, 1H- NMR and GC-MS photometer.
Źródło:
International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy; 2013, 6; 6-16
2299-3843
Pojawia się w:
International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Optical properties of crude oil detected in seawater
Autorzy:
Haule, K.
Toczek, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245741.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
crude oil
marine ecology
fluorescence
seawater
oil pollution
Opis:
The effects of crude oils entering marine environment have been investigated since early 1960s when oil pollution became a subject of global environmental concern. Extraction and transportation of crude oils have been contributing to water pollution especially in closed water basins, such as the Baltic Sea. It was estimated that yearly oil input to the Baltic Sea amounts to 21-70 thousands of tons, which is twice higher than in the North Sea and three times higher than in the North Atlantic. Growing pollution loads into the Baltic Sea created a demand for multifarious studies on the environmental effects of oil products. In this study, we focus on bio-optical and ecological aspects of the presence of crude oil in seawater. Dispersed oil droplets occur in seawater as the result of contaminated river inflows, bilge water discharges and as the consequence of mechanical and chemical dispersion of oil spills. Their optical properties depend on oil type, concentration and size distribution. We present further results obtained from the developed fluorescence-based method for determination of the crude oil concentration in natural Baltic seawater and for evaluation of the oil droplets size by applying vacuum filtering. The results have been measured for the samples collected in Southern Baltic Sea during several ship cruises in 2012. We discuss the application of vacuum filtering in the fluorescence analyses in the context of laboratory, in situ and remote detection of dispersed oil.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 3; 127-132
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fluorescence properties of mechanically dispersed crude oil
Autorzy:
Haule, K.
Toczek, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247844.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
crude oil
marine ecology
fluorescence
seawater
oil pollution
Opis:
Despite of numerous actions undertook by the global and local authorities towards protection of marine environment, oil pollution loads into the Baltic Sea still tend to increase and need to be continuously estimated in order to apply the legal regulations. There is a demand for multifarious studies on the environmental effects of oil products. Dispersed oil droplets occur in seawater as the result of contaminated river inflows, bilge water discharges and as the consequence of mechanical and chemical dispersion of oil spills. Their optical properties depend on oil type, concentration and size distribution. Oil content influences many environmental factors, like water quality and bio-optical parameters (e.g. water-leaving radiance, inherent optical properties, seawater fluorescence). We present a unique study of the collected database of crude oil fluorescence spectra for better understanding the correlations between oil optical properties and its concentration, as well as for evaluation of the oil droplets size by the application of vacuum filtering using three filters of different permeability. Fluorescence spectra have been registered for oil-in-water emulsion samples prepared in the laboratory by mechanical dispersion. We discuss the optical properties of crude oil and the relationships between them in the context of potential remote detection of dispersed oil in seawater.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 4; 161-167
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ropa naftowa w gospodarce światowej – znaczenie dla Polski. Popyt i ceny jako wyzwanie przyszłości przemysłu naftowego
Oil in the World Economy – Importance to Poland. Demand and Prices as a Challenge for the Future of the Oil Sector
Autorzy:
Grzelak, Sławomir
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/957949.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-12
Wydawca:
Najwyższa Izba Kontroli
Tematy:
crude oil
oil sector
world economy
fuels
refinery
Opis:
In his article, the author presents problems related to the functioning of the oil production sector in the world and in Poland. He also discusses the prospects of national entities of the sector. The two companies – Orlen and Lotos – have modern processing plants at their disposal thanks to which they can have products which allow for obtaining an optimal model margin. The capacity of the refinery in Płock, which is owned by Orlen, stands at over 16 million tons of oil annually. In the case of Lotos, the refinery in Gdańsk can process about 10 million tons of oil a year. The two refineries are favourably located which allows for obtaining raw material through two independent channels – Russian oil through the “Przyjaźń” pipeline, and various types of oil transported by sea by Naftoport and the system of pipelines managed by the PERN company.
Źródło:
Kontrola Państwowa; 2016, 61, 6 (371); 137-149
0452-5027
Pojawia się w:
Kontrola Państwowa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The study of unsteady operation mode of the crude oil trunk pipeline in case of a sudden stop flow
Autorzy:
Fąfara, Z.
Mazur, R.
Matuła, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/299127.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
pipeline transportation
crude oil
oil flow
water hammer
Opis:
Media pipeline transportation, in particular energy commodities has a very high share in the world economy. It has many advantages over other methods of transmission of the products on land but there are concerns about the safety of the pipeline system. When we are designing the pipeline, we take into consideration maximal discharge pressure of medium, but any change in pumping parameters results the appea rance of an unsteady (transient) process, which in some cases may lead to a rapid increase in pressure. The largest increase in pressure in the pipeline comes at a time of a complete stop fluid flow. There is formed a water hammer, which may cause a major accident up to pipeline leaks inclusive. Subject of considerations in the paper is the analysis of changes in pressure over time in the pipeline obtained in 12 experiments of stop oil pump unit in the trunk pipeline for different pumping parameters and properties of the medium. Based on the recorded changes of pressure in measurement points were fitted regression models allowing to forecast an increase in pressure along the pipeline route caused by water hammer.
Źródło:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas; 2017, 34, 2; 349-360
2299-4157
2300-7052
Pojawia się w:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polityka energetyczna Chin wobec Wenezueli
China’s energy policy towards Venezuela
Autorzy:
Kaczmarczyk, Karolina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/51463663.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Fundacja PSC
Tematy:
China
Venezuela
Chinese energy policy
crude oil
Opis:
The subject of the research in this article is China’s energy policy towards Venezuela. The aim is to analyse cooperation in this area from the 1990s to the present day. The article will outline the energy policy of the Middle Kingdom. Then in the next part, Sino-Venezuelan economic relations will be presented, with particular emphasis on the role of crude oil as a resource of most importance. The methods used include document analysis, historical analysis and factor analysis. Hypotheses are: 1) Venezuela was an important partner for China in terms of importing raw materials, but its importance is declining due to internal problems and changes in China’s energy policy. 2) Sino-Venezuelan relations illustrate well the assumptions of China’s energy policy.
Źródło:
Alcumena. Pismo Interdyscyplinarne; 2020, 2(2); 85-97
2719-9851
Pojawia się w:
Alcumena. Pismo Interdyscyplinarne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Azerbaijan’s Path to Fulfilling Its Current Role in Building Global Energy Security and Its Prospects for the Future
Autorzy:
Stawarz, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/53401948.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-12-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Azerbaijan
Energy Security
Natural Gas
Crude Oil
Opis:
The research problem of this paper concerns energy security in the regional and global dimensions in the context of Azerbaijan’s role in its construction, the aim being to verify whether Azerbaijan is one of the key elements in building energy security, especially in the South Caucasus, but also in relation to the European Union and even in a global sense. The factorial and comparative methods were mainly used to examine the indicated subject matter. This article shows that both natural conditions and the appropriate actions of the Azerbaijani authorities have been strengthening the country’s role for several decades not only as the main element of the energy security of the South Caucasus, but also as one of the key factors in building the energy security of the European Union and is shaping itself as a significant co-creator of global security in this sphere. Azerbaijan’s achievements to date in the sphere of energy security and forecasts for the future allow one to conclude that the state will have an increasingly stronger position as a guarantor of security in the discussed sphere in the South Caucasus, and its role as a co-builder of the Union’s energy security will take on new, unprecedented shapes. Also, in the global dimension, the role of Azerbaijan will increase.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2023, 27, 4; 235-246
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Expansion of the Oil Terminal in Gdańsk – Outlook and Benefits for the Oil Security of Poland
Autorzy:
Wojcieszak, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1807788.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-11-30
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
Tematy:
development
Gdańsk
terminal
crude oil
outlook
security
Opis:
The paper shows the role of and the outlooks for the extension of Naftoport Oil Terminal in Gdańsk, Poland as well as the impact of the ongoing development on oil import options and, as a result, on the oil security of the country. The expansion of the oil terminal in Gdańsk is an extremely important project and the largest investment of this type in Poland. Key elements of the development of the terminal are: new transshipment stations and their enhancement, new oil tanks, the construction of the second oil pipeline running to the center of Poland, the development of crude oil technological installations, electricity grid, water and foam networks, sanitary networks, roads, and automation systems. The expansion of Naftoport significantly increases Poland’s oil security as well as import capabilities of the country, ensuring continuous oil supplies to Polish refineries, often at a lower price.
Źródło:
Security Dimensions; 2020, 34(34); 186-200
2353-7000
Pojawia się w:
Security Dimensions
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Device for measurement and control of humidity in crude oil and petroleum products
Autorzy:
Semenov, Andriy
Zviahin, Oleksander
Kryvinska, Natalia
Semenova, Olena
Rudyk, Andrii
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2204346.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
crude oil
humidity
moisture content
measurement
sensitivity
Opis:
A device with a frequency-modulated output signal has been developed to increase the sensitivity and accuracy of measuring moisture content in crude oil and petroleum products in the range of 0~20%. The main element of the device is a self-oscillator transducer based on a transistor structure with negative differential resistance. A capacitive sensor in the form of a capacitive cylindrical structure with cylindrical electrodes was used to determine moisture content in crude oil and petroleum products. Electric permittivity of a two-component mixture of oil and water was estimated and the capacitance of the humidity-sensitive capacitive cylindrical structure with cylindrical electrodes was calculated. An electrical diagram of the device for measuring and controlling the humidity of crude oil and petroleum products has been developed. The relative error of converting the humidity of oil and petroleum products into capacitance which was caused by the change in oil temperature, was determined to be 0.225%. Values of relative errors of the device for measuring the humidity of oil and petroleum products are as follows: 1.355 · 10-5% is caused by instability of the oscillator frequency, 0.01% is caused by fluctuations in the supply voltage of the self-oscillator transducer, 0.05% is caused by a change in ambient temperature by 1°C. For the developed device, which used errors of the first and second type, the reliability of humidity control of oil and petroleum products has been determined to be 0.9591.
Źródło:
Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2023, 30, 1; 195--208
0860-8229
Pojawia się w:
Metrology and Measurement Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of hydrodynamic cavitation on the rheological properties and microstructure of formulated crude oil
Autorzy:
Nurullayev, V. H.
Ismayilov, G. G.
Usubaliyev, B. T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1178247.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Cavitation
asphaltene
crude oil
high-paraffinic
oil transport
toluene
Opis:
The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies on the mechanical activation of viscous oil, which confirmed the effectiveness of cavitation on their rheological properties. The major making source of raw materials of oil branch stocks heavy and bituminous crude oils are. Improvement of technologies transportations it is, caused by their high resource potential. Capacity and economic efficiency of the oil pipeline depends on properties of the pumped-over oil. The main obstacle for ensuring necessary speed is viscosity. Recently the steady tendency to magnification of bulks of haul, oil and oil products was out lined. Thus, for problem solution on magnification of bulk of an oil pumping and oil products, developments new or optimization of applied technologies of haul of crude oil and crude oil products taking into account their rheological behavior and operating characteristics of pipelines are indispensable. With that, end in view the big practical and theoretical interest is, represented by working out of new methods of struggle against formation of paraffin adjournment. Considering problem urgency, from our party experiences on influence studying cavitation on formation asphaltene - pitch - paraffin adjournment on an internal surface of the pipeline have, been spent. The possibility of an intensification of process of influence of chemical reagent by cavitation for decrease in viscosity of oil is established. Results of pilot studies on complex influence of chemical reagents and cavitation on viscosity crude oil with various structural and group structure are received. As have shown experiments, as a result cavitation in oil there are irreversible changes of viscosity, pressure of sated steams, shares: paraffin, asphaltene and pitch hydrocarbons.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2018, 91; 44-58
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Struktura zaopatrzenia Polski w produkty rafinacji ropy naftowej w latach 2004–2014
The structure of refined petroleum products consumption from 2004–2014
Autorzy:
Komorowska, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/394544.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN
Tematy:
ropa naftowa
dywersyfikacja dostaw ropy naftowej
produkty rafinacji ropy naftowej
crude oil
diversification of crude oil
refined petroleum products
Opis:
Gospodarka Polski w głównej mierze bazuje na paliwach kopalnych. Najważniejszym nośnikiem energii pierwotnej jest węgiel, chociaż jego udział w krajowym bilansie paliwowo-energetycznym rokrocznie maleje. Drugim, pod względem zużycia, surowcem energetycznym jest ropa naftowa. W 2015 roku przemysł rafineryjny odnotował rekordowy wynik przerobu w wysokości 25,9 mln Mg. Rosnąca konsumpcja produktów petrochemicznych oraz wzrost mocy przerobowych krajowych rafinerii pozwoliły osiągnąć tak wysoki wynik. Uniwersalność ropy naftowej pozwala na uzyskanie produktów o różnym zastosowaniu. Należą do nich między innymi: olej napędowy, LPG i etan, paliwo lotnicze, benzyna silnikowa, oleje bazowe do wytwarzania środków smarnych, asfalty, woski naftowe. W artykule przedstawione zostały zmiany, jakie zaszły w strukturze krajowego zużycia oleju napędowego, LPG i etanu, benzyn silnikowych oraz paliw lotniczych w latach 2004 − 2014. Analizie poddano produkcję krajową, import oraz eksport. Konsumpcja oleju napędowego, LPG i etanu oraz paliwa lotniczego wzrosła w rozważanym okresie. Zmalało natomiast zużycie całkowite benzyn silnikowych. Analogicznie nastąpiły zmiany w produkcji krajowej. Wolumen importu zmniejszył się, a eksportu wzrósł dla każdego z przedstawianych produktów rafinacji ropy naftowej.
The economy in Poland is based mainly on fossil fuels. The most important primary energy carrier is coal, although its share in the national fuel and energy balance is still decreasing. In terms of consumption, crude oil is in the second place of energy resources. The Polish refinery industry reached a record result, namely 25.9 million Mg in 2015. The growing consumption of petroleum products and an increase in the capacity of domestic refineries allowed such a high score to be achieved. The versatility of crude oil allows products for different purposes to be obtained. These include: diesel, LPG and ethane, aviation fuel, motor gasoline, base oils for lubricants preparation, asphalts, petroleum waxes. The article presents the changes which have taken place in the structure of domestic consumption of these products from 2004–2014. The author has analyzed domestic production, import and export. The consumption of diesel, LPG, ethane, and aviation fuel increased in that period. The consumption of motor gasoline decreased, as did domestic production. The volume of the import decreased, while the export increased for each of the presented refined petroleum products.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN; 2016, 95; 205-213
2080-0819
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Petrol and Natural Gas Market of the Visegrád Group Countries 1993–2016: Current State and Prospects
Autorzy:
Kłaczyński, Robert
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594404.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
energy policy
energy
security
natural gas
crude oil
Opis:
The paper addresses problems related to energy policies pursued by Central European countries. It identifies the amounts of energy resources in individual countries in the Visegrád Group as well as the transmission infrastructures they use for natural gas and crude oil. The author discusses projects aimed at diversifying energy supplies which are of key importance to V4 countries. The article also presents relations between those countries in both within the group and bilaterally. When outlining prospects of a V4 energy strategy, the account is taken of such vital aspects as relations with the Russian Federation and the contribution made by Visegrád countries to EU actions designed to develop a single energy market.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2018, 1 (47); 7-19
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Predicting relative permeability from experimental capillary pressure porous plate test for two phase flow
Autorzy:
Czarnota, R.
Janiga, D.
Stopa, J.
Wojnarowski, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/298727.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
capillary pressure
relative permeability
crude oil
multiphase flow
Opis:
Relative permeabilities relationships as a function of fluids saturation are one of the most important parameters for describing multiphase flow processes in reservoir rocks. When direct laboratory tests are not available for investigating oil-water multi-phase flow in rocks, then indirect prediction techniques using relative permeability functions are widely used, e.g. from capillary pressure test. In this study the measurement of capillary pressure was performed on rocks plugs with different characteristics at reservoir conditions using porous plate method. During measurement semi-permeable membrane was used with 15 bar threshold pressure, what allowed to register formation water saturation, at changing differential pressures steps. Desaturation at each pressure stage was continued until no more produced liquid was observed. Water saturation point at maximum capillary pressure applied is assumed to be final irreducible water saturation. Application of porous plate method provides sufficient stabilization time, allowing to achieve uniform saturation distribution. In this research, Brook-Corey model was used to predict relative permeability from experimental measured capillary pressure data for oil-water phase flow in porous media. As a result, it is possible to obtain more accurate capillary pressure outcomes, and relative permeability curves for the two-phase system, than other methods used in practice. Performing capillary pressure measurements at reservoir conditions, allows to restore the processes occurring in the reservoir.
Źródło:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas; 2017, 34, 2; 323-334
2299-4157
2300-7052
Pojawia się w:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rationalization process in the refining sector of the European Union in the context of activities aimed at restoring the competitiveness of refineries
Autorzy:
Białek, M.
Gross-Gołacka, E.
Kaliski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/299026.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
crude oil prices
refining sector
European Commission
competitivness
Opis:
Analysis of factors shaping the market environment the oil sector in the European Union leads to the conclusion that the main elements having an impact on the profitability of refinery operations include their complexity index, access to a particular slate of crude oil, supply infrastructure (land premium, supply side, etc.) as well as laws and regulations regarding this very industry (both EU and national legislation). It should be emphasized that on the one hand European refiners compete against each other on national markets (including the EU market), on the other hand, however, they are vulnerable to competitive activity of refineries from outside of the European Union. Recent years clearly outline the downturn in the oil refining sector of the EU, that is manifested by idling the refineries, changes in their base model activity (conversion into the fuel and crude oil storage sites), or at best sector acquisitions by foreign companies (mainly from the Russian Federation). The progressive loss of capacity of oil refining on the Old Continent will cause significant changes in the energy security of fuel supplies, which simply, will have to be imported from abroad in the foreseeable future. In order to counteract the negative developments in the market, refineries affiliated with professional organizations (such as EUROPIA, Concawe) have taken an action in co-operation with the European Commission and the International Energy Agency aimed to develop the so-called pilot - horizontal control of refining sector efficiency (fitness check) involving the review of existing EU law. The purpose of this activity is to identify unnecessary burdens and unintended, negative impact of existing EU law on the sector. In line with the European Commission plans, the results of a fitness check are to be published in late 2014, yet the new non-legislative and legislative initiatives of the EU should take into account the context of the restoration of refinery competitiveness.
Źródło:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas; 2014, 31, 1; 39-48
2299-4157
2300-7052
Pojawia się w:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ zmian zachodzących w Polsce na wielkość zgłaszanych potrzeb na ropę naftową
The influence of the changes in the environment on the level of crude oil demand in Poland
Autorzy:
Kaliski, M.
Jedynak, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/283543.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN
Tematy:
otoczenie
ropa naftowa
zapotrzebowanie
environment
crude oil
demand
Opis:
W Polsce wzrasta znaczenie ropy naftowej w bilansie wykorzystania energii pierwotnej. Należy podkreślić, że obecnie potrzeby paliwowe w ograniczonym stopniu podlegaj ą regulacji, gdyż wynikają bezpośrednio z długookresowych zmian zachodzących w otoczeniu. Ponadto barierą dla prawidłowego funkcjonowania tego sektora są coraz częściej uwidaczniające się ograniczenia polityczno-gospodarcze zarówno w kraju jak i zagranicą. W związku z tym ukształtowany niekorzystnie dla odbiorców rynek, skłania do postawienia pytania o znaczenie poszczególnych czynników w procesie kształtowania aktualnych i przysz łych potrzeb paliwowych. Celem artykułu jest próba przeprowadzenia analizy zmian zachodz ących w krajowym otoczeniu i ocena ich wpływu na poziom zapotrzebowania na ropę naftową w Polsce w latach 1995-2006 oraz określenie ich znaczenia do roku 2015. Jego realizacja odbywa się poprzez metodę badawczą, która obejmuje następujące etapy: analizę otoczenia, ocenę otoczenia oraz ocenę szans i zagrożeń.
In Poland the importance of petroleum in the balance of the exploitation of primary energy has been considerably increasing. It needs to be emphasized that the present petroleum demand can only be regulated in a limited degree as it results from the long-term changes in the environment. Moreover, political and economic limitations which are more frequently apparent in and outside Poland are also a barrier to the proper functioning of the petroleum sector. As a consequence, the development of the market disadvantageous for the consumers triggers the questions concerning the significance of the particular factors in shaping the demand on petroleum at present and in the future. Therefore, the aim of this article is to analyze the changes in the domestic environment and to evaluate their influence upon the level of demand on petroleum in Poland in the years 1995-2006, as well as to determine their significance up to the year 2015. The stages of the research are: the analysis of the environment, the evaluation of the environment, the prognosis of the opportunities and threats.
Źródło:
Polityka Energetyczna; 2009, 12, 1; 33-59
1429-6675
Pojawia się w:
Polityka Energetyczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 132

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