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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 132
Tytuł:
Czechosłowacja w obliczu dyktatu mocarstw zachodnich w 1938 r. w świetle depesz Jana Masaryka z Londynu
Czechoslovakia in face of the dictates of Western powers in 1938 in the light of Jan Masaryk’s correspondence from London
Autorzy:
Kamiński, Marek Kazimierz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/957908.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
interwar Czechoslovakia, partition of Czechoslovakia 1938, Germans in Czechoslovakia, British-Czechoslovak relations, Jan Masaryk
Opis:
The issue of the lands inhabited by the Sudeten Germans within the Czechoslovak state became the reason for the fall of Czechoslovakia in 1938. The German minority had the right to demand the creation of an independent state under the principle of self-determination. In 1921, there was a substantial German minority of 23.4 percent in Czechoslovakia, making it the second largest nationality in the republic. When defining the new borders, the victorious Entente powers could have prevented an unnecessary conflict, due to which Europe suddenly found itself in 1938 on the threshold of another world war. However, they failed to do so, lacking political imagination; and Czechoslovakia has paid the price. 
Проблема земель, населенных немцами в Чехословацком государстве, то есть т. н. Судетских немцев, стала причиной поражения Чехословакии в 1938 г. Немцы имели правотребовать создать собственное государство, согласно принципу самоопределения наций. В 1921 г. немцы составляли 23,4 % населения страны и были вторым по численности народом республики. Устанавливая межгосударственные границы, победившие державы Антанты были властны предотвратить ненужный конфликт, который стал причиной того, что Европа вдруг в 1938 г. оказалась на пороге очередной мировой войны. Однако они не сделали этого, так как им не хватило политического воображения. За все это поплатилась Чехословакия.
Źródło:
Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej; 2016, 51, 1
2353-6403
1230-5057
Pojawia się w:
Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Territorial disputes between Poland and Czechoslovakia 1938–1945
Autorzy:
Błachut, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1933787.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-17
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
Tematy:
annexation
Zaolzie
Polska
Czechoslovakia
Opis:
The historical point of view is important to fully understand foreign affairs. For Polish-Czech relations the crucial period in this respect is 1918–1945. The matter of the conflict were borderlands, with the most important one – Zaolzie, that is, historical lands of the Duchy of Cieszyn beyond Olza River. Originally, the land belonged to the Crown of the Polish Kingdom, then to the Kingdom of Bohemia and Austrian Habsburg dynasty. After World War I, local communities took control of the land. Czechoslovakian military intervention and a conflict with Bolsheviks caused both parties to agree to the division of Zaolzie through arbitration of powers in 28 July 1920. Until 1938, key parts of Zaolzie belonged to Czechoslovakia. In that year, Poland decided to annex territories lost according to the arbitration. After World War II tension between Poland and Czechoslovakia heightened again. Czechoslovakia made territorial claims on parts of Silesia belonging to Germany. Poland once more tried to reclaim Zaolzie, but military invasion was stopped by Stalin. Negotiations failed, but the escalation of the conflict was stopped. Two years later the relationship between the parties was eventually normalized, the final agreement was signed in 1958 and it is still in place today.
Źródło:
Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje; 2020, 38(38); 9-17
2299-4033
Pojawia się w:
Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
DYSKONTYNUACJA SYSTEMU PRAWNOPAŃSTWOWEGO I TRANSFORMACYJNEGO REPUBLIKI SŁOWACKIEJ W LATACH 1992–1994
THE DISSOLUTION OF THE LEGAL-STATE AND TRANSFORMATION SYSTEM OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC IN 1992–1994
Autorzy:
Żarna, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/513201.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
Slovakia
Czechoslovakia
Vladimír Mečiar
HZDS
Opis:
The article concerns an analysis of the political situation in the Slovak Republic between the years 1992–1994 and the formation of the legal and state system. In the analysed period, the process of decomposition of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic took place or, to be more precise, the finalisation of this process. The study is based on the assumption that in the analysed period there were many divisions observed on the political scene, which was the result of the lack of a stable political structure.
Źródło:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo; 2019, 17, 2; 129-141 (13)
1732-9639
Pojawia się w:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Between Czechoslovakia and 'mečiarism': Political situation in the Slovak Republic in 1992-1994
Autorzy:
Żarna, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/514699.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Śląski. Wydział Nauk Społecznych
Tematy:
Slovakia
Czechoslovakia
Vladimír Mečiar
HZDS
Opis:
The article concerns the analysis of the political situation in the Slovak Republic and the formation of the party system. In the analysed period, the process of decomposition of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic took place, or actually, the culmination of this process. The study is based on the assumption that in the analysed period there were many divisions observed on the political scene, which were the result of the lack of a stable political structure. In the article author uses the method of historical and institutional analysis.
Źródło:
Political Preferences; 2018, 21; 71-83
2449-9064
Pojawia się w:
Political Preferences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Czechosłowakizm na językowym tle I Republiki Czechosłowackiej (1918-1938)
Czechoslovakism against the linguistic background of the First Czechoslovak Republic (1918-1938)
Autorzy:
Tkaczewski, Dariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29519575.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Gospodarki w Bydgoszczy. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
Czechoslovakia
1918-1938
Czechoslovakism
Czech language
Opis:
On 28 October 1918, Czechoslovakia, one of the new countries on the map of Central Europe, appeared. It was a common republic of two nations, being a true implementation of the somewhat idealistic idea of Czechoslovakism — an optional combination of Czechs and Slovaks within one country and Czechoslovakian divided into two language ‘branches’ Czech and Slovak. In the centenary of Czechoslovakia the author describes the initial (ethnic) conditions and the state of the Czech language in ‘the first’ 20 years (1918–1938) as well as the development and modernization of modern Czech in the field of lexis, grammar solutions, the style, and artistry of Czech literature. He also mentions the timeless scientific and theoretical initiatives (e.g. Prague Linguistic Circle) which the Czech-Slovak linguistic achievements have raised to a global level.
Źródło:
Heteroglossia- studia kulturoznawczo-filologiczne; 2022, 13; 293-307
2084-1302
Pojawia się w:
Heteroglossia- studia kulturoznawczo-filologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prison and Society Connected. The Development of the Czechoslovak Prison System in 1945–92
Autorzy:
Pinerová, Klára
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/601725.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
prison system
Czechoslovakia
humanisation
penology
modernisation
Opis:
The aim of this article is to describe the transformation of the prison system during the years 1945–92 in Czechoslovakia. The following phases are analysed: the sovietisation process in the 1950s, the humanization and professionalization processes in the 1960s, the ambivalence between modernisation and repression in the 1970s and 1980s, and finally the democratisation that occurred after 1989. For each phase, it will be explained how the system was influenced by the concept of class struggle, mainly reflected in the approach to political prisoners, as well as a modernist-technocratic approach that gained priority at the time of the release of political prisoners in the 1960s. The aim is to show the dominant trends during this period and how the political and social context was reflected in the prison system.
Źródło:
Acta Poloniae Historica; 2018, 118
0001-6829
Pojawia się w:
Acta Poloniae Historica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Odmowa służby wojskowej w Czechosłowacji 1969–1989
Autorzy:
Blažek, Petr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/478200.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu
Tematy:
Czechoslovakia
military service refusal
1969-1989
Źródło:
Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość; 2003, 2(4); 253-270
1427-7476
Pojawia się w:
Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Стосунки уряду та опозиції в Чехословаччині в кінці 80-х – на початку 90-х років XX ст.
Relationship between the Government and the Opposition of Czechoslovakia at the End of 80th Beginning of 90th of XX century
Autorzy:
Бусленко, Василь
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/489347.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe w Żytomierzu
Tematy:
political opposition
Czechoslovakia
government
authority
competition
Opis:
The study aims to identify of the specific models of cooperation between government and opposition in Czechoslovakia in transition period. In the article the prerequisites of confrontational relationships and their projection on the level of political competition and the formation of new political institutions in terms of democratization are determined. Was proved that the character of the relationship between government and opposition in Czechoslovakia was largely determined by degree of democratization of the regime and the opposition force, it`s goals and strategies. In the late 80th under pressure of the opposition, parties have moved from confrontation to cooperation, what reflected on co-option of the opposition members to the government. However, at the coalition government in fact was no division on pro-government and opposition forces, which made adaptation of opposition to the new socio-political conditions more complicated. A fundamental difference between the relationship of government and opposition in West European countries and Czechoslovakia was noted. In West European countries, the relationship found expression in both legal and political norms. They were characterized by the fact that they are in mutual consent of the parties to act before all in the public interest without going beyond existing law. In Czechoslovakia the main opponents of the ruling forces were communists who had radically different understanding of the main goals of social development. As for the anti-communist opposition, which operated until 1989, its isolation and the virtual disappearance were observed. The elections did not lead to authority post-communist forces, as it were observed in Poland and Hungary. The weakness of the opposition until 1989 gave her little chances at a new political conditions. It was weakened by internal divisions. Against the background of a weak opposition increased level of competition between pro-government parties. This, to some extent, contributed the establishment of new informal rules of electing of the president and prime minister of the federal government. After the first free parliamentary elections, relations between the government and the opposition have changed to a more confrontational with minimal consensus. In Czechoslovakia, in contradistinction to Poland and Hungary, there was no opposition repositioning, i.e. its transformation from outsider of changes of political order to an active participant in the parliament. Post-opposition forces remained weak and separated political entities. In 1991-1992 clear division between progovernment and opposition forces cannot be traced. Blurred boundaries between political opponents were intensified duality of political regime, that combines the features of the previous and democratic, centrifugal tendencies, regionalization of political parties. The competition took the form of real competition within the ruling group, formally differentiated by geographic criteria into two political parties. All this weakens the inter-party competition at the level of «government-parliamentary opposition» at the national level and put the problems of democratization to the second plan, giving priority to processes of formation of independent states of Czech Republic and Slovakia.
Źródło:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona; 2016, 6; 162-168
2312-8933
Pojawia się w:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
František Kordač, arcybiskup praski i prymas Czech w latach 1919–1931. Wysoki dostojnik Kościoła, który nie został kardynałem
Autorzy:
Šmíd, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1900733.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
František Kordač
Catholic Church
Czechoslovakia
Vatican
Opis:
The study deals with František Kordač, a Czech Church dignitary and university professor who became the Archbishop of Prague and the Czech Primate in 1919. The text is based on materials from Czech and foreign archives, e.g. the Vatican funds.
Źródło:
Historia Slavorum Occidentis; 2021, 2 (29); 154-170
2084-1213
Pojawia się w:
Historia Slavorum Occidentis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mapping the Status of the Greek Catholic Church after 1948 from the Perspective of Selected Local Periodicals
Autorzy:
Lukáčova, Jana
Šturák, Peter
Kichera, Viktor
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/18787582.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Fundacja Pro Scientia Publica
Tematy:
Greek Catholic Church
history
Czechoslovakia
daily-newspaper
Opis:
Aim. The article discusses the status of the Greek Catholic Church from 1948 to 1950. It also presents how this period was presented through media. Since it is possible to investigate this aspect within the framework of a comparison of several media channels, we have decided to introduce the comparison through the perspective of the daily-newspaper Rudé právo. Methods. The findings of our research study are based on the data collected from archival and documentary sources, as well as professional studies and monographs related to the above-mentioned topic. Results. Based on our research topic, we can understand how the attitude towards the Greek Catholic Church changed after the events of February 1948 and what impact the change of regime had on its functioning. Regarding media, we can observe how the pressure on the Greek Catholic Church changed in relation to the regime change and individual historical events, and how the media expressed its opinion on the Church. Conclusion. Media is not only a source of information for people, but it also creates public opinion, and therefore, it was extremely important to control this state apparatus in the past. We must understand that availability of information in the 1950s and today is significantly different. Catholic periodicals were almost non-existent and thus, people often received misleading or false information. Through our research, which is presented in the tabular presentation of data, we can discover the increasing pressure against the Church, and the response of the public to the Church.
Źródło:
Journal of Education Culture and Society; 2023, 14, 2; 439-455
2081-1640
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Education Culture and Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Memory of the Warsaw Pact Intervention in the Post-August History 1968–1989
Autorzy:
Černá, Marie
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/626065.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
Czechoslovakia
Soviet army
Prague Spring
normalization
memory
Opis:
The meaning of the Warsaw Pact intervention in August 1968 soon became a matter of political manipulation. The spontaneously shared notion of the “occupation” quickly turned into its very antithesis. The postulate of the “friendly assistance” of the Soviet Army gradually promoted on the official level played a key role in the policy of the so-called consolidation. As a consequence, the Prague Spring was denigrated as an attempted counterrevolution. The memory of the August “occupation” disappeared from the public sphere: It went underground or was pushed into the private sphere. The idea of the heroic and victorious fight against the counterrevolution, so much cherished by leftist radicals, reached its peak by the end of 1970 when it was confirmed by an official document. After that, it started losing its momentum as if the Prague Spring and the August events were rather due to fall into oblivion. But in 1989, the relevance of the 21st August suddenly reemerged in public protests against the Communist régime, which were taking place on that date. The article explores the coexistence/parallel lives of the three conflicting memories of the August 68 during the post-August history of normalization mentioned below: the privatized memory of occupation, the radical memory of fraternal assistance, and the policy of oblivion.
Źródło:
Review of International American Studies; 2019, 12, 2; 141-158
1991-2773
Pojawia się w:
Review of International American Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On Behalf of the People – against Citizens. Criminal Law Jurisdiction of National Committees in Terms of "Punishment" of Romanies in the Former Czechoslovakia
Autorzy:
Gecelovský, Vladimír
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/501373.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
criminal law
National Committees
Former Czechoslovakia
Roma
Opis:
-
Źródło:
Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne; 2012, 1(9); 141-148
1898-0171
Pojawia się w:
Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Enlarged Details and Close-up Views: Art Reproduction in 1930s Czechoslovakia
Autorzy:
Buddeus, Hana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32347178.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
photography
detail art reproduction
Czechoslovakia
1930s
Opis:
Each photograph captures an artwork within a particular frame of space and time, providing a perspective that is contingent and dependent on the era the photograph was made in (Bergstein 1992). Moreover, every photograph is always embedded in specific material conditions and has its own social life (Edwards–Hart 2004). The aim of this article is to show the particularity of reproductions of artworks in 1930s Czechoslovakia and the motivations and discussions behind the extensive use of detail. I argue that the pronounced interest in close-up views is a result of a series of circumstances specific to the period. There is an important pre-condition in the development in the field of art photography and graphic design that took place in the late 1920s, bringing about an interest in sharp and faithful images and full bleed prints, as well as a recognition of the social impact of the medium. As a result, photographers, artists, art historians, and graphic designers living in Czechoslovakia also began to rethink the use of photography in the art field. This was manifested in period publications such as the well-known Fotografie vidí povrch (Photography Sees the Surface), published in 1935. In terms of art reproductions, it shows the importance of close-up views for providing an insight into individual artistic approaches and into the history of the respective artwork. The same year saw the publication of the 31st volume of the art magazine Volné směry, which enables us to follow several micro-histories that can also be applied more generally to the period discussions. As illustrated by a text by Bohuslav Slánský and the reproduced photographs of medieval panel portraits from Karlštejn Castle attributed to Master Theodoric, one of the purposes behind the commissions of enlarged photographic details of artworks were planned restorations. Moreover, examples from the photographic campaigns led by the company of Jan Štenc, the State Photo-Measurement Institute, or the project by Karel Šourek, Alexandr Paul, and František Illek (Documenta Bohemia Artis Phototypica) show that detail is generally used for showing the structure and texture of the work, for zooming in on otherwise distant works, or for the purpose of comparison. According to Volné směry editor-in-chief Emil Filla and his manifesto article “Práce oka”, the new method of working with reproductions and the frequent use of photographic detail precipitated a change in the observational habits of the audience. This intention was materialised through his long-term collaboration with the photographer Josef Sudek, who helped him show the artworks in a new light. It is evident that by the mid-1930s, the synergic work of individuals from different fields brought the use of detail in art-related publications to an unprecedented level.
Źródło:
Artium Quaestiones; 2022, 33; 61-86
0239-202X
Pojawia się w:
Artium Quaestiones
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Beginnings of Hospice Care in the Czech Republic
Autorzy:
Polák, Jan
Opatrná, Marie
Svatošová, Marie
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/19322797.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Opolski. Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego
Tematy:
Czechoslovakia
palliative care
communism
oncology
hospice
Caritas
funding
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to review the situation in communist and post-revolutionary Czechoslovakia in the area of palliative care. It will familiarize readers with the enormous efforts of two big personalities in the history of Czech health care: Marie Opatrná and Marie Svatošová, who tried to change the old and inconvenient Soviet health care system and make the care of terminal and dying people more human. At the end, it will present some challenges which the current Czech hospice care is confronted with.
Źródło:
Family Forum; 2022, 12; 293-306
2084-1698
Pojawia się w:
Family Forum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ownership and property in communist Civil Codes of Czechoslovakia
Autorzy:
Bělovský, Petr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1595984.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
communism
ownership
property
socialist property
civil code
Czechoslovakia
Opis:
The distribution of property in society is a fundament of communist ideology, which in Czechoslovakia was regulated by two Civil Codes. In the process of reforming the entire legal system, the purpose of both codes was, besides property regulation, also to transform the perception of the importance of ownership in society and to change the way people think about the role of property. In order to achieve this, the communist legislation introduced brand new property-rights institutions, which were supposed to replace ownership – in particular, the so called ‘use’ (užívání) of property. The ultimate goal of the communist property reform, however, became so-called socialist ownership, which corresponded to the requirements of communist ideology and which existed in public and individual form. This article presents the various types of ownership regulated in the Czechoslovak Civil Codes in the years 1948–1989. It also draws attention to some of the pitfalls of applying different forms of property in legal practice, particularly as regards land. It also points out the difference between the political demands placed on property law legislation and the economic reality of the day, which, among other things, contributed to the gradual weakening of the confidence in the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and eventually led to the fall of the whole regime.
Źródło:
Acta Iuris Stetinensis; 2019, 27, 3; 23-38
2083-4373
2545-3181
Pojawia się w:
Acta Iuris Stetinensis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 132

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