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    Tytuł:
    Intelligence and parallel versus sequential organization of information processing in analogical reasoning
    Autorzy:
    Orzechowski, Jarosław
    Nęcka, Edward
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/419420.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011-11-01
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    intelligence
    analogical reasoning
    parallel processing
    sequential processing
    attention
    working memory
    Opis:
    The construct of the organization of information processing (OIP) has been adopted as a possible cognitive mechanism responsible for human intelligent functioning. Participants (N = 77) were asked to solve an analogical reasoning task, a test of divided attention, a working memory capacity test, and Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices as a standard test of general fl uid intelligence. On the basis of the chronometric analysis of their performance in the analogy task, participants were divided into those preferring to use parallel or sequential modes of organization of information processing. It appeared that intelligent people using the parallel mode of processing obtained the best results in the analogical reasoning test. Other subgroups did not differ substantially from one another. It also appeared that intelligent people using the parallel mode of processing performed equally well regardless of their attentional resources and working memory capacity, whereas people using the sequential mode of processing were much more dependent on these basic cognitive limitations. A compensatory mechanism is suggested in order to account for this data: the parallel mode of processing probably helps to compensate for defi cient attention or impaired working memory, whereas the sequential mode cannot act in a compensatory way.
    Źródło:
    Studia Psychologiczne (Psychological Studies); 2011, 49, 5; 41-53
    0081-685X
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Psychologiczne (Psychological Studies)
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Meta-analysis of the research impact of Baddeley’s multicomponent working memory model and Cowan’s embedded-processes model of working memory: A bibliometric mapping approach
    Autorzy:
    Gruszka, Aleksandra
    Orzechowski, Jarosław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430623.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-04-01
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    multicomponent working memory model
    embedded-processes model of working memory
    meta-analysis
    co-word analysis
    bibliometric map
    Opis:
    In this study bibliometric mapping method was employed to visualise the current research trends and the impact of the two most influential models of working memory, namely: A. D. Baddeley and G. J. Hitch’s (1974) multicomponent working memory model and N. Cowan’s (1988) embedded-processes model of working memory. Using VOSviewer software two maps were generated based on the index-term words extracted from the research papers citing Baddeley (2000) and Cowan (2001), respectively. The maps represent networks of co-occurrences of index terms and can be interpreted as an indication of the main research fields related to the examined models of WM. The results of the analysis revealed that the spheres of influence of the two main conceptualisations of WM are rather different than similar. Although the first two clusters, i.e. “brain mapping” and “higher-level cognition and development” are present in both maps, their relative importance varies. The remaining clusters are unique to each map. Baddeley’s theory seems to have a greater influence on “neuropsychology”, while Cowan’s theory - on basic research on “biological systems”, including the nervous system in humans and animals. The second difference between these theories concerns their relations to functions and dysfunctions associated with particular sensory modalities: in Baddelay’s theory with the “auditory modality” cluster, and in Cowan’s - with the “visual modality” one.
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2016, 47, 1; 1-11
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    All employees need job resources – Testing the Job Demands–Resources Theory among employees with either high or low working memory and fluid intelligence
    Autorzy:
    Kulikowski, Konrad
    Orzechowski, Jarosław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2162497.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018-10-30
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    cognitive functioning
    work engagement
    working memory
    fluid intelligence
    UWES
    Job Demands–Resources Theory
    Opis:
    Background The Job Demands–Resources Theory (JD-R) is one of the most influential theoretical frameworks for explaining work engagement. The JD-R postulates the existence of a health impairment process in which job demands lead to strain, and of a motivational process in which job resources lead to work engagement. Although cognitive functions are among the most important characteristics of employees related to job, still little is known about its moderating role in JD-R processes; hence in this study we make a novel attempt to test the invariance of JD-R propositions among employees at different levels of cognitive functioning. Material and Methods A group of 383 multioccupational employees completed a set of questionnaires measuring job resource: co-worker support, supervisor support, performance feedback; job demands: emotional demands, occupational constraints, work-home interferences; Utrecht Work Engagement Scale; Oldenburg Burnout Inventory along with 2 working memory and 3 fluid intelligence tests. Results The multigroup invariance analysis with latent variables revealed that both the health impairment process and the motivational process as postulated by JD-R are invariant across groups of employees with either high or low levels of fluid intelligence and working memory capacity. Conclusions This result provides the first piece of evidence for JD-R robustness among employees at different levels of cognitive functioning. Our findings counterintuitively suggest that employees with high cognitive functioning are not more resistant to job demands than employees with low cognitive functioning and that in order to be work-engaged they need job resources, no less than their colleagues with low cognitive functioning. Med Pr 2018;69(5):483–496
    Źródło:
    Medycyna Pracy; 2018, 69, 5; 483-496
    0465-5893
    2353-1339
    Pojawia się w:
    Medycyna Pracy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Task conditions and short-term memory search: two-phase model of STM search
    Autorzy:
    Orzechowski, Jarosław
    Nęcka, Edward
    Balas, Robert
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430621.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-04-01
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    short-term memory
    STM retrieval
    STM search
    Sternberg paradigm
    familiarity
    recollection
    Opis:
    Short-term memory (STM) search, as investigated within the Sternberg paradigm, is usually described as exhaustive rather than self-terminated, although the debate concerning these issues is still hot. We report three experiments employing a modified Sternberg paradigm and show that whether STM search is exhaustive or self-terminated depends on task conditions. Specifically, STM search self-terminates as soon as a positive match is found, whereas exhaustive search occurs when the STM content does not contain a searched item. Additionally, we show that task conditions influence whether familiarity- or recollection-based strategies dominate STM search performance. Namely, when speeding up the tempo of stimuli presentation increases the task demands, people use familiarity-based retrieval more often, which results in faster but less accurate recognition judgments. We conclude that STM search processes flexibly adapt to current task conditions and finally propose two-phase model of STM search.
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2016, 47, 1; 12-20
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    NAS-50 and NAS-40: New scales for the assessment of self-control
    Autorzy:
    Nęcka, Edward
    Wujcik, Radosław
    Orzechowski, Jarosław
    Gruszka, Aleksandra
    Janik, Beata
    Nowak, Michał
    Wójcik, Natalia
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430784.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-09-01
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    self-control
    questionnaire
    scale
    self-report
    other-report
    psychological assessment
    Opis:
    In this paper, we present a new questionnaire for the assessment of self-control as an individual trait. We describe the process of construction of this assessment tool. We also report the results of relevant validation studies. The questionnaire has two independent versions, one based on self-reports (NAS-50) and another one based on other-reports (NAS-40). The first version consists of five subscales (10 items each), called Initiative and Persistence (IP), Proactive Control (PC), Switching and Flexibility (SF), Inhibition and Adjournment (IA), and Goal Maintenance (GM). Seven samples of participants (N = 934 altogether) took part in the validation study. The second version has not been split into subscales. Both versions obtained satisfactory indices of internal consistency, assessed with Cronbach’s alpha (for NAS- 50 total score a = .861, for the subscales a between .726 and .867; for NAS-40 a = .844). The NAS-50 and NAS-40 scores were highly correlated with other measures of self-control, including Tangney, Baumeister, and Boone’s (2004) self-control scale. They also proved to be entirely independent of general intelligence. In conclusion, both versions can be regarded reliable and valid enough, and therefore suitable for the assessment of trait self-control for research purposes.
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2016, 47, 3; 346-355
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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