Autor: Majchrowski, D. - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Wdrożenia nowoczesnych energooszczędnych i higienicznych układów napędowych w liniach rozlewniczych napojów butelkowanych. Motoreduktory VLT OneGearDrive Danfoss Drives w wykonaniu higienicznym
Autorzy:: Majchrowski, D.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/304526.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2017
Wydawca:: Wydawnictwo Druk-Art
Tematy:: układ napędowy
linia rozlewnicza napojów
przetwornica częstotliwości
drive system
bottling line
frequency converter
Opis:: Firma Danfoss należy do niekwestionowanych liderów branży napędowej. Nasze marki VLT i VACON to przetwornice częstotliwości o najlepszych parametrach technicznych, najwyższej niezawodności i funkcjonalności. Napędy te pracują w aplikacjach na całym świecie, a Danfoss oferuje najbardziej rozległą sieć doświadczonych specjalistów i Partnerów z zakresu techniki napędowej.
Źródło:: Napędy i Sterowanie; 2017, 19, 4; 12-14
1507-7764
Pojawia się w:: Napędy i Sterowanie
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Wpływ następczy nawozów organicznych na zawartość mikroelementów w glebie i w pszenicy
Following effect of organic fertilizers on microelement contents in soil and wheat
Autorzy:: Parylak, D.
Waclawowicz, R.
Majchrowski, P.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/804561.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2000
Wydawca:: Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Opis:: Wszystkie formy nawozów organicznych zastosowane pod przedplon (burak cukrowy) spowodowały wzrost zawartości badanych mikroelementów w glebie w terminie zbioru pszenicy. W dwa lata po wprowadzeniu do gleby nawozów organicznych ilość miedzi, w porównaniu z glebą nawożoną wyłącznie nawozami mineralnymi, była większa średnio o 14,6%, cynku o 13,8%, a manganu o 7,8%. Zwiększona zawartość mikroelementów w glebie nie zawsze znajdowała odbicie w ich pobraniu przez roślinę uprawną. W porównaniu z roślinami nawożonymi wyłącznie NPK, tendencję do zwiększania zawartości Cu i Zn stwierdzono w ziarnie pszenicy uprawianej po buraku na oborniku lub kompoście koprolitowym. Zastosowane nawożenie organiczne, niezależnie od rodzaju, wpływało na ogół ograniczająco na zawartość Cu, Zn i Mn w słomie pszenicy.
All forms of organic fertilizers applied to the forecrop (sugar beet) resulted in increased content of studied microelements in soil at the time of wheat harvest. Two years after organic fertilizer application into soil the content of copper increased by 14.6%, that of zinc by 13.8% and manganese by 7.8% on average, as compared to soil fertilized with mineral fertilizers only. Increased content of microelements in the soil did not always correspond their uptake by cultivated plant. A tendency to Cu and Zn contents higher than in plants fertilized exclusively with NPK was found only in grain of wheat grown after beet fertilized with manure or coprolyte compost. Applied organic fertilization, irrespective of its kind, generally resulted in decreased contents of Cu, Zn and Mn in wheat straw.
Źródło:: Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych; 2000, 471, 1
0084-5477
Pojawia się w:: Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Influence of non-photosynthetic pigments on the measured quantum yield of photosynthesis
Autorzy:: Ficek, D.
Majchrowski, R.
Ostrowska, M.
Wozniak, B.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47492.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2000
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Tematy:: marine phytoplankton
pigment
quantum yield
chlorophyll a
phytoplankton pigment
bio-optical modelling
concentration
sea
water column
photosynthesis
Opis:: The aim of this work was to assess the effect of non-photosynthetic (photoprotecting) pigments on the measured quantum yield of photosynthesis in the sea. The energy absorbed by these pigments is not utilised during photosynthesis. As a result, the measured yield of this process, i.e. the photosynthetic yield referred to the total energy absorbed by all phytoplankton pigments, is less than the actual quantum yield of photosynthesis, i.e. the yield referred to the energy absorbed by photosynthetic pigments only. The model of the absorption properties of marine phytoplankton derived by the authors (see Woźniak et al. 2000, this volume) was employed to determine the relevant contributions of photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic pigments to the total energy absorbed by phytoplankton in different trophic types of seas and at different depths in the water column. On this basis the non-photosynthetic pigment absorption factor fa, which describes the relation between the true and measured quantum yields of photosynthesis, could be characterised. The analysis shows that fa varies in value from 0.33 to 1, and that it depends on the trophic type of sea and the depth in the water column. The values of this factor are usually highest in eutrophic waters and decrease as waters become progressively more oligotrophic. It is also characteristic of fa that it increases with increasing depth in the sea.
Źródło:: Oceanologia; 2000, 42, 2
0078-3234
Pojawia się w:: Oceanologia
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Variability of the specific fluorescence of chlorophyll in the ocean. Part 1. Theory of classical in situ chlorophyll fluorometry
Autorzy:: Ostrowska, M.
Majchrowski, R.
Matorin, D.N.
Wozniak, B.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48349.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2000
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Tematy:: marine phytoplankton
variability
luminescence
in situ
fluorescence
depth
sea
fluorometric method
phytoplankton
ocean
chlorophyll
light absorption
Opis:: The range of variability of the fluorescence properties of marine phytoplankton in different trophic types of seas and at different depths in the sea is analysed theoretically. An attempt is also made to interpret artificially induced in situ fluorescence measured with submersible fluorometers. To do this, earlier optical models of light absorption by phytoplankton (see Woźniak et al. 2000, this volume) and actual empirical data were applied. A straightforward theoretical model of artificially photoinduced phytoplankton fluorescence accounting for the complex influence of different photophysiological characteristics of phytoplankton and the optical characteristics of the instrument has been worked out. A physical method of determining chlorophyll a concentrations in seawater from fluorescence measured in situ with contact fluorometers can be based on this model.
Źródło:: Oceanologia; 2000, 42, 2
0078-3234
Pojawia się w:: Oceanologia
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Dependence of the photosynthesis quantum yield in oceans on environmental factors
Autorzy:: Wozniak, B.
Dera, J.
Ficek, D.
Ostrowska, M.
Majchrowski, R.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48279.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2002
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Tematy:: primary production
water temperature
quantum yield
environmental factor
bio-optical modelling
nutrient content
phytoplankton
chlorophyll
irradiance
photosynthesis
Opis:: Statistical relationships between the quantum yield of photosynthesis and selected environmental factors in the ocean have been studied. The underwater irradiance, nutrient content, water temperature and water trophicity (i.e. the surface concentration of chlorophyll Ca(0)) have been considered, utilizing a large empirical data base. On the basis of these relationships, a mathematical model of the quantum yield was worked out in which the quantum yield Φ is expressed as a product of the theoretical maximum quantum yield ΦMAX = 0.125 atomC quanta−1 and six dimensionless factors. Each of these factors fi appears to be, to a sufficiently good approximation, dependent on one or two environmental factors and optical depth at most. The model makes it possible to determine the quantum yield from known values of these environmental factors. Empirical verification of the model yielded a positive result – the statistical error of the approximate values of the quantum yield Φ is 42%.
Źródło:: Oceanologia; 2002, 44, 4
0078-3234
Pojawia się w:: Oceanologia
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Quantum yield of photosynthesis in the Baltic: a new mathematical expression for remote sensing applications
Autorzy:: Wozniak, B.
Ficek, D.
Ostrowska, M.
Majchrowski, R.
Dera, J.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/49078.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2007
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Tematy:: remote sensing
application
phytoplankton photosynthesis
photosynthesis quantum yield
Baltic Sea
Opis:: Statistical relationships between the quantum yield of photosynthesis Φ and selected environmental factors in the Baltic have been established on the basis of a large quantity of empirical data. The model formula is the product of the theoretical maximum quantum yield ΦMAX =0.125 atomC quantum−1 and five dimensionless factors fi taking values from 0 do 1: Φ = ΦMAXfa fΔ fc(Ca(0)) fc(PARinh) fE, t. To a sufficiently good approximation, each of these factors fi appears to be dependent on one or at most two environmental factors, such as temperature, underwater irradiance, surface concentration of chlorophyll a, absorption properties of phytoplankton and optical depth. These dependences have been determined for Baltic Case 2 waters. The quantum yield Φ, calculated from known values of these environmental factors, is then applicable in the model algorithm for the remote sensing of Baltic primary production. The statistical error of the approximate quantum yields Φ is 62%.
Źródło:: Oceanologia; 2007, 49, 4
0078-3234
Pojawia się w:: Oceanologia
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Chlorophyll fluorimetry as a method for studying light absorption by photosynthetic pigments in marine algae
Autorzy:: Matorin, D.N.
Antal, T.K.
Ostrowska, M.
Rubin, A.B.
Ficek, D.
Majchrowski, R.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48459.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2004
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Tematy:: alga
chlorophyll a concentration
photosynthetic pigment
fluorescence
marine alga
phytoplankton
light absorption
chlorophyll fluorimenty
Opis:: Using laboratory cultures of algae and natural phytoplankton populations from Nhatrang Bay (South China Sea), the relationship between the chlorophyll fluorescence F0, the chlorophyll a concentration Ca and light absorption capacities of algae cells was studied. It is shown that the ratio F0/Ca depends mainly on the species composition of the algae population; hence, the concentration Ca can be measured with the fluorescence method with acceptable accuracy only when the species composition of algae populations varies over a rather narrow range. The fluorescence F0 can, however, be a good index of the total absorption capacities of different phytoplankton species, because the intensity of F0 depends on the sum total of light absorbed by all photosynthetic pigments in a plant cell. Thus, the fluorescence F0 measures not only the concentration of chlorophyll a, but that of all photosynthetic pigment concentrations.
Źródło:: Oceanologia; 2004, 46, 4
0078-3234
Pojawia się w:: Oceanologia
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Remote sensing of vertical phytoplankton pigment distributions in the Baltic: new mathematical expressions. Part 3: Non-phytosynthetic pigment absorption factor
Autorzy:: Wozniak, B.
Majchrowski, R.
Ostrowska, M.
Ficek, D.
Kunicka, J.
Dera, J.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48371.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2007
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Tematy:: remote sensing
pigment distribution
phytoplankton pigment
vertical distribution
non-photosynthetic pigment absorption
Baltic Sea
Opis:: This paper, part 3 of the description of vertical pigment distributions in the Baltic Sea, discusses the mathematical expression enabling the vertical distributions of the non-photosynthetic pigment absorption factor fa to be estimated. The factor fa is directly related to concentrations of the several groups of phytoplankton pigments and describes quantitatively the ratio of the light energy absorbed at given depths by photosynthetic pigments to the light energy absorbed by all the phytoplankton pigments together (photosynthetic and photoprotecting). Knowledge of this factor is highly desirable in the construction of state-of-the-art ‘light-photosynthesis’ models for remote-sensing purposes. The expression enables fa to be estimated with considerable precision on the basis of two surface parameters (available from satellite observations): the total chlorophyll a concentration at the surface Ca(0) and the spectral downward irradiance Ed(λ, 0) just below the sea surface. The expression is applicable to Baltic waters from the surface down to an optical depth of τ ≈5. The verification of the model description of fa was based on 400 quasi-empirical values of this factor which were calculated on the basis of empirical values of the following parameters measured at the same depths: Ed(λ, z) (or also PAR(z)), apl(λ, z), and the concentrations of all the groups of phytoplankton pigments Ca(z) and Cj(z) (where j denotes in turn chl b, chl c, PSC, phyc, PPC). The verification shows that the errors in the values of the non-photosynthetic pigment absorption factor fa estimated using the model developed in this work are small: in practice they do not exceed 4%. Besides the mathematical description of the vertical distribution of fa, this paper also discusses the range of variation of its values measured in the Baltic and its dependence on the trophic index of a basin and depth in the sea. In addition, the similarities and differences in the behaviour of fa in Baltic and oceanic basins are compared.
Źródło:: Oceanologia; 2007, 49, 4
0078-3234
Pojawia się w:: Oceanologia
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Modelling light and photosynthesis in the marine environment
Autorzy:: Wozniak, B.
Dera, J.
Ficek, D.
Majchrowski, R.
Ostrowska, M.
Kaczmarek, S.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47660.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2003
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Tematy:: primary production
pigment
underwater irradiance
marine environment
quantum yield
remote sensing algorithm
bio-optical modelling
photoacclimation
phytoplankton
chromatic acclimation
light absorption
photosynthesis
Opis:: The overriding and far-reaching aim of our work has been to achieve a good understanding of the processes of light interaction with phytoplankton in the sea and to develop an innovative physical model of photosynthesis in the marine environment,suita ble for the remote sensing of marine primary production. Unlike previous models,the present one takes greater account of the complexity of the physiological processes in phytoplankton. We have focused in particular on photophysiological processes,whic h are governed directly or indirectly by light energy,or in which light, besides the nutrient content in and the temperature of seawater,is one of the principal limiting factors. To achieve this aim we have carried out comprehensive statistical analyses of the natural variability of the main photophysiological properties of phytoplankton and their links with the principal abiotic factors in the sea. These analyses have made use of extensive empirical data gathered in a wide diversity of seas and oceans by Polish and Russian teams as well as by joint Polish-Russian expeditions. Data sets available on the Internet have also been applied. As a result,a set of more or less complex,semi-empir ical models of light-stimulated processes occurring in marine phytoplankton cells has been developed. The trophic type of sea, photo-acclimation and the production of photoprotecting carotenoids,c hromatic acclimation and the production of various forms of chlorophyll-antennas and photosynthetic carotenoids,cell adaptation by the package effect, light absorption, photosynthesis, photoinhibition,the fluorescence effect,a nd the activation of PS2 centres are all considered in the models. These take into account not only the influence of light,but also, indirectly,tha t of the vertical mixing of water; in the case of photosynthesis,the quantum yield has been also formulated as being dependent on the nutrient concentrations and the temperature of seawater. The bio-optical spectral models of irradiance transmittance in case 1 oceanic waters and case 2 Baltic waters,dev eloped earlier,a lso are described in this paper. The development of the models presented here is not yet complete and they all need continual improvement. Nevertheless,w e have used them on a preliminary basis for calculating various photosynthetic characteristics at different depths in the sea,su ch as the concentration of chlorophyll and other pigments, and primary production. The practical algorithm we have constructed allows the vertical distribution of these characteristics to be determined from three input data: chlorophyll a concentration,irradiance, and temperature at the sea surface. Since all three data can be measured remotely,ou r algorithm can be applied as the ‘marine part’ of the remote sensing algorithms used for detecting marine photosynthesis.
Źródło:: Oceanologia; 2003, 45, 2
0078-3234
Pojawia się w:: Oceanologia
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Practical applications of the multi-component marine photosynthesis model (MCM)
Autorzy:: Ficek, D.
Majchrowski, R.
Ostrowska, M.
Kaczmarek, S.
Wozniak, B.
Dera, J.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48509.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2003
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Tematy:: primary production
quantum yield
inorganic nitrogen
temperate zone
tropical zone
practical application
bio-optical modelling
marine photosynthesis model
marine alga
polar zone
photosynthesis
Opis:: This paper describes the applications and accuracy analyses of our multi-component model of marine photosynthesis, given in detail in Woźniak et al. (2003). We now describe an application of the model to determine quantities characterising the photosynthesis of marine algae, especially the quantum yield of photosynthesis and photosynthetic primary production. These calculations have permitted the analysis of the variability of these photosynthesis characteristics in a diversity of seas, at different seasons, and at different depths. Because of its structure, the model can be used as the ‘marine part’ of a ‘satellite’ algorithm for monitoring primary production in the sea (the set of input data necessary for the calculations can be determined with remote sensing methods). With this in mind, in the present work, we have tested and verified the model using empirical data. The verification yielded satisfactory results: for example, the statistical errors in estimates of primary production in the water column for Case 1 Waters do not exceed 45%. Hence, this model is far more accurate than earlier, less complex models hitherto applied in satellite algorithms.
Źródło:: Oceanologia; 2003, 45, 3
0078-3234
Pojawia się w:: Oceanologia
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 11.

Tytuł:: Spectra of light absorption by phytoplankton pigments in the Baltic; conclusions to be drawn from a Gaussian analysis of empirical data
Autorzy:: Ficek, D.
Kaczmarek, S.
Ston-Egiert, J.
Wozniak, B.
Majchrowski, R.
Dera, J.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47835.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2004
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Tematy:: phytoplankton pigment
remote sensing algorithm
Baltic Sea
Gaussian analysis
light absorption
Opis:: Analysed by differential spectroscopy, 1208 empirical spectra of light absorption apl(λ) by Baltic phytoplankton were spectrally decomposed into 26 elementary Gaussian component bands. At the same time the composition and concentrations of each of the 5 main groups of pigments (chlorophylls a, chlorophylls b, chlorophylls c, photosynthetic carotenoids and photoprotecting carotenoids) were analysed in 782 samples by HPLC. Inspection of the correlations between the intensities of the 26 elementary absorption bands and the concentrations of the pigment groups resulted in given elementary bands being attributed to particular pigment groups and the spectra of the mass-specific absorption coefficients established for these pigment groups. Moreover, balancing the absorption effects due to these 5 pigment groups against the overall absorption spectra of phytoplankton suggested the presence of a sixth group of pigments, as yet unidentified (UP), undetected by HPLC. Apr eliminary mathematical description of the spectral absorption properties of these UP was established. Like some forms of phycobilins, these pigments are strong absorbers in the 450–650 nm spectral region. The packaging effect of pigments in Baltic phytoplankton was analysed statistically, then correlated with the concentration of chlorophyll a in Baltic water. As a result, a Baltic version of the algorithm of light absorption by phytoplankton could be developed. This algorithm can be applied to estimate overall phytoplankton absorption spectra and their components due to the various groups of pigments from a knowledge of their concentrations in Baltic water.
Źródło:: Oceanologia; 2004, 46, 4
0078-3234
Pojawia się w:: Oceanologia
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 12.

Tytuł:: Remote sensing of vertical phytoplankton pigment distributions in the Baltic: new mathematical expressions. Part 1: Total chlorophyll a distribution
Autorzy:: Ostrowska, M.
Majchrowski, R.
Ston-Egiert, J.
Wozniak, B.
Ficek, D.
Dera, J.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47972.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2007
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Tematy:: remote sensing
phytoplankton pigment
chlorophyll a
vertical distribution
concentration
Baltic Sea
distribution
Opis:: This article is the first in a series of three describing the modelling of the vertical different photosynthetic and photoprotecting phytoplankton pigments concentration distributions in the Baltic and their interrelations described by the so-called non-photosynthetic pigment factor. The model formulas yielded by this research are an integral part of the algorithms used in the remote sensing of the Baltic ecosystem. Algorithms of this kind have already been developed by our team from data relating mainly to oceanic Case 1 waters (WC1) and have produced good results for these waters. But their application to Baltic waters, i.e., Case 2 waters, was not so successful. On the basis of empirical data for the Baltic Sea, we therefore derived new mathematical expressions for the spatial distribution of Baltic phytoplankton pigments. They are discussed in this series of articles. This first article presents a statistical model for determining the total concentration of chlorophyll a (i.e., the sum of chlorophylls a+pheo derived spectrophotometrically) at different depths in the Baltic Sea Ca(z) on the basis of its surface concentration Ca(0), which can be determined by remote sensing. This model accounts for the principal features of the vertical distributions of chlorophyll concentrations characteristic of the Baltic Sea. The model’s precision was verified empirically: it was found suitable for application in the efficient monitoring of the Baltic Sea. The modified mathematical descriptions of the concentrations of accessory pigments (photosynthetic and photoprotecting) in Baltic phytoplankton and selected relationships between them are given in the other two articles in this series (Majchrowski et al. 2007, Woźniak et al. 2007b, both in this volume).
Źródło:: Oceanologia; 2007, 49, 4
0078-3234
Pojawia się w:: Oceanologia
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 13.

Tytuł:: Modelling the light absorption properties of particulate matter forming organic particles suspended in sea water. Part 3. Practical applications
Autorzy:: Wozniak, B.
Wozniak, S.B.
Tyszka, K.
Ostrowska, M.
Ficek, D.
Majchrowski, R.
Dera, J.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47909.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2006
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Tematy:: marine environment
absorption coefficient
light index
sea water
particulate organic matter
modelling
light absorption
Źródło:: Oceanologia; 2006, 48, 4
0078-3234
Pojawia się w:: Oceanologia
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 14.

Tytuł:: Remote sensing of vertical phytoplankton pigment distributions in the Baltic: new mathematical expressions. Part 2: Accessory pigment distribution
Autorzy:: Majchrowski, R.
Ston-Egiert, J.
Ostrowska, M.
Wozniak, B.
Ficek, D.
Lednicka, B.
Dera, J.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48281.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2007
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Tematy:: remote sensing
accessory pigment concentration
pigment distribution
chlorophyll a
phytoplankton pigment
vertical distribution
Baltic Sea
marine ecosystem
distribution
Opis:: This is the second in a series of articles, the aim of which is to derive mathematical expressions describing the vertical distributions of the concentrations of different groups of phytoplankton pigments; these expressions are necessary in the algorithms for the remote sensing of the marine ecosystem. It presents formulas for the vertical profiles of the following groups of accessory phytoplankton pigments: chlorophylls b, chlorophylls c, phycobilins, photosynthetic carotenoids and photoprotecting carotenoids, all for the uppermost layer of water in the Baltic Sea with an optical depth of τ ≈ 5. The mathematical expressions for the first four of these five groups of pigments, classified as photosynthetic pigments, enable their concentrations to be estimated at different optical depths in the sea from known surface concentrations of chlorophyll a. The precision of these estimates is characterised by the following relative statistical errors according to logarithmic statistics σ−: approximately 44% for chlorophyll b, approx. 39% for chlorophyll c, approx. 43% for phycobilins and approx. 45% for photosynthetic carotenoids. On the other hand, the mathematical expressions describing the vertical distributions of photoprotecting carotenoid concentrations enable these to be estimated at different depths in the sea also from known surface concentrations of chlorophyll a, but additionally from known values of the irradiance in the PAR spectral range at the sea surface, with a statistical error σ− of approximately 42%
Źródło:: Oceanologia; 2007, 49, 4
0078-3234
Pojawia się w:: Oceanologia
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki