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    Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7
    Tytuł:
    Characteristics of Melt Cast Compositions Based on cis-1,3,4,6-Tetranitrooctahydroimidazo-[4,5 d] imidazole (BCHMX)/TNT
    Autorzy:
    Elbeih, A.
    Zeman, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358268.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    nitramines
    BCHMX
    sensitivity
    detonation
    brisance
    Opis:
    cis-1,3,4,6-Tetranitrooctahydroimidazo-[4,5 d]imidazole (BCHMX) is a new bicyclic nitramine which has been prepared using a two-stage synthetic method. In this work, a new melt cast composition based on BCHMX/TNT (60/40 by wt.) was prepared. For comparison purposes, Composition B based on RDX (1,3,5-trinitro1,3,5-triazacyclohexane)/TNT (60/40 by wt.), and HMX (1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7tetraazacyclooctane)/TNT (60/40 by wt.) were also studied. Impact and friction sensitivities of these compositions and of the individual explosives were determined. The detonation velocities were measured experimentally. The performance of the compositions prepared was studied by measuring the brisance using the Kast method. The detonation parameters of the compositions and the individual explosives were calculated using the EXPLO5 thermodynamic code. The results show that mixing these nitramines with TNT decreases their sensitivities. BCHMX/TNT is more sensitive to impact and friction than Composition B while it has higher detonation parameters, at the same level as HMX/TNT. In comparison, BCHMX/TNT has the highest relative brisance of the compositions studied. It is postulated that the higher performance characteristics of BCHMX and compositions based on it, in comparison with those of HMX, are due to a higher positive heat of formation for this nitramine.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2014, 11, 4; 501-513
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Concerning the Shock Sensitivities of Certain Plastic Bonded Explosives Based on Attractive Cyclic Nitramines
    Autorzy:
    Zeman, S.
    Elbeih, A. E.
    Hussein, A.
    Elshenawy, T.
    Pelikán, V.
    Yan, Q-L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358824.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    nitramines
    gap test
    PBX
    sensitivity
    performance
    Opis:
    Plastic bonded explosives (PBXs) based on ε-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (ε-HNIW), 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX), β-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (β-HMX) and cis-1,3,4,6-tetranitro-octahydroimidazo-[4,5-d]imidazole (BCHMX) were prepared using a hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene as a binder (HTPB) and cured with hexamethylene di-isocyanate (HMDI). Recently published data for analogous PBXs with a polyisobutylene binder (i.e. a C4 matrix) are also included. All of these PBXs were tested using the Small Scale Water Gap Test according to STANAG 4490, the results of which are directly proportional to the impact and friction sensitivities of the PBXs studied. Reciprocal ratios between the shock sensitivity of these PBXs and their performance were found using the volume heat of explosion as a variable; a semi-logarithmic analogue, using a representative of the detonation pressure (product ρD2) as a variable, has shown an opposite trend for three of these PBXs. A semi-logarithmic relationship between the shock sensitivity of the PBXs and the impact sensitivity of their pure nitramine fillers has confirmed the higher shock reactivity of the C4 PBXs filled with both technical ε-HNIW and RS-ε-HNIW, while for the HTPB PBXs filled with technical grade ε-HNIW, the shock sensitivity found was as expected. The shape and size of the particles should not be a reason for the increased resistance to shock of HMX-C4.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2017, 14, 4; 775-787
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of Different Polymeric Matrices on the Sensitivity and Performance of Interesting Cyclic Nitramines
    Autorzy:
    Elbeih, A.
    Zeman, S.
    Jungova, M.
    Akstein, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358359.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    HNIW
    BCHMX
    RDX
    HMX
    sensitivity
    performance
    Opis:
    Different polymeric matrices, based on butadiene-styrene rubber, polymethyl-methacrylate and silicone binders, were investigated for their ability to decrease the sensitivity of explosives to different mechanical stimuli. A series of plastic explosives based on four different nitramines, namely RDX (1,3,5-trinitro- 1,3,5-triazacyclohexane), β-HMX (β-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazacyclooctane), BCHMX (bicycloHMX, cis-1,3,4,6-tetranitro-octahydroimidazo-[4,5- d ]imidazole) and ε -HNIW (ε -2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane, ε-CL-20), bonded by the selected polymeric matrices were prepared. Sensitivity to impact of all of the plastic explosives prepared as well as of the pure explosives, was measured using the fall hammer test. Sensitivity to friction was determined using the BAM friction test. The performance was studied using the ballistic mortar test and the results were recorded relative to TNT (trinitrotoluene) as reference. By comparing the results of impact and friction sensitivities, it is obvious that the mechanism of transfer of the friction force to the reaction center of the nitramine molecule should be different from that of impact energy transfer. The silicone binder appeared to be the best polymer for decreasing the sensitivity of explosives. The results of the ballistic mortar proved that the performance of the plastic explosives prepared is affected by the type and weight percentage of the binder in each sample.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2012, 9, 2; 131-138
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Path to ε-HNIW with Reduced Impact Sensitivity
    Autorzy:
    Elbeih, A.
    Husarova, A.
    Zeman, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358508.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    HNIW
    crystallization
    thermal stability
    impact sensitivity
    SEM
    Opis:
    New purification method was applied to obtain epsilon HNIW (ε-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane, ε-HNIW) which has low impact sensitivity. The method is based on removing the impurities from a solution of alpha HNIW (ε-HNIW) by a chemical reaction to obtain pure epsilon form. For comparison, selected different published methods for recrystallization of HNIW to obtain the epsilon form were studied. All the selected methods are based on solvent-antisolvent technique. The optimum parameters, such as type of solvent and anti-solvent, volume ratio of solvent to anti-solvent, rate of addition, speed of stirring, etc., were applied to enhance the crystal size and shape of ε-HNIW. Checking the polymorphs of the obtained HNIW was done by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The thermal stability of the prepared samples was studied by using differential thermal analysis technique (DTA). Qualitative analysis of the crystal size and shape was done using scanning electron microscope (SEM) devise. Quantitative measurement of the crystals sizes for the studied samples was determined by Laser scattering particle size distribution analyzer. Impact sensitivity was measured by falling hammer test. The results indicate that all the applied methods of recrystallization give ε-HNIW. The impact sensitivity of HNIW decreases by obtaining small particles with regular shape. All the used published methods produce ε-HNIW with higher impact sensitivity than other nitramines. While the obtained crystals from the new method has regular smooth surface, with small particle size and its impact sensitivity is lower than RDX and HMX.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2011, 8, 3; 173-182
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of polar plasticizers on the characteristics of selected cyclic nitramines
    Autorzy:
    Elbeih, A.
    Zeman, S.
    Pachman, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358627.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    energetic materials
    polymers
    sensitivity
    combustion
    thermal stability
    Opis:
    Dioctyl sebacate (DOS) is a plasticizer used with oily material for the softening of polyisobutylene binder (PIB) to form a polymeric matrix. This matrix was used for the preparation of various plastic explosives. The following energetic cyclic nitramines were used as explosive fillers: BCHMX (cis-1,3,4,6- tetranitrooctahydroimidazo [4,5 d]imidazole), ε-HNIW (ε-2,4,6,8,10,12- hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane), RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5- triazacyclohexane), and HMX (1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazacyclooctane). For comparison, Fluorel binder was used for the preparation of several plastic bonded explosives (PBXs) based on the same selected explosives. Impact and friction sensitivities of the prepared samples and the pure explosive fillers were measured. The thermal stability was studied using differential thermal analysis (DTA). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to detect the presence of BCHMX dissolved in dioctyl sebacate (DOS). The heat of combustion of the prepared samples and of the pure explosive fillers was measured using a bomb calorimetry. The results show that PIB softened by plasticizer (DOS) has a greater positive effect on decreasing the impact sensitivity of the studied pure explosives than Fluorel binder. On the other hand, the plasticizer acts as a solvent for the energetic materials and decreases the decomposition temperature of these plastic explosives.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2013, 10, 3; 339-349
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Recent Advances in the Study of the Initiation of Nitramines by Impact Using Their 15N NMR Chemical Shifts
    Autorzy:
    Jungová, M.
    Zeman, S.
    Yan, Q.-L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358278.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    impact sensitivity
    initiation
    15N NMR chemical shifts
    Opis:
    The relationship between the 15N NMR chemical shifts of aza nitrogen atoms in twelve nitramines and the impact sensitivity of these compounds, expressed as the drop energy, Edr, has been analyzed from the point of view of recently published findings. This relationship appears to be the best method for identifying the key atoms at the reaction centre of a given molecule. These atoms might be taken as “chemical hot spots”. The absence of any solid state influence on the chemical shifts, which were here determined in solution, does not have a fundamental influence on the reaction centre identification. The relationship discussed here confirms the close molecular structural dependence for drop energies (impact sensitivities) obtained for individual energetic materials (EMs) by means of a standard impact tester (Julius Peters) with the detection of the 50% probability of initiation based on acoustic detection. The dependence of impact sensitivity on specific crystal surfaces, using samples of individual EMs obtained by screening, should be investigated more extensively.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2014, 11, 3; 383-393
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    4,6-Diazido-N-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine (TNADAzT) and Its Silver Salt − Synthesis and Characterization
    Autorzy:
    Musil, T.
    Matyáš, R.
    Zeman, S.
    Růžička, A.
    Lyčka, A.
    Majzlík, J.
    Vala, R.
    Knotek, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358533.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    azido derivative of triazine
    silver salt
    sensitivity
    MTX-1
    X-ray
    Opis:
    4,6-Diazido-N-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine (TNADAzT) and its silver salt (AgTNADAzT) were prepared and characterized. Elemental analysis, FTIR, NMR, DSC, AAS and X-ray diffraction were used for analytical characterization. The sensitivities of TNADAzT and AgTNADAzT were determined and compared with common explosives and MTX-1. The crystal density of TNADAzT is 1.794 g·cm−3 and its heat of formation 899 kJ·mol−1. The sensitivity of TNADAzT to impact and friction slightly exceeds PETN; the sensitivity to electrostatic discharge is lower than RDX. The sensitivity of AgTNADAzT is on the level of a primary explosives (between mercury fulminate and PETN). The initiation efficiency of AgTNADAzT is higher than 200 mg (acceptor PETN compressed by 64-70 MPa) and therefore excludes it from practical use as a primary explosive in detonators.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2017, 14, 2; 304-320
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7

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