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    Tytuł:
    Optymalizacja wieku dojrzałości rębnej drzewostanów z punktu widzenia wiązania węgla
    Optimizing the stand rotation age from the point of view of carbon sequestration
    Autorzy:
    Wysocka-Fijorek, E.
    Zając, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/988959.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    gospodarka lesna
    drzewostany sosnowe
    drzewostany bukowe
    dojrzalosc rebna
    wiek dojrzalosci rebnej
    optymalizacja
    wiazanie wegla
    wzory empiryczne
    wspolczynniki przeliczeniowe
    optimization of the rotation age
    carbon dioxide accumulation
    timber production
    Opis:
    The selection of the rotation time of a stand (from planting to final felling), i.e. the age at which stand reaches harvest maturity, is a key decision in forest management due to, inter alia, the amount and value of carbon stored in the forest. In this context, the basis for the economic optimisation of the rotation age of forests is to define the goal of forest production and desirable state of forests ensuring the achievement of the adopted aim. Therefore, the choice of the most suitable optimal moment of completing a production cycle and starting the subsequent one is very important in forest management. The aim of the performed analysis is to verify the empirical equations and conversion factors as well as to assess their suitability for determining the volume and value of standing timber and accumulation of carbon in the aboveground woody biomass. The verified equations will be used for modelling the optimal rotation age of forests due to the maximization of the rate of carbon accumulation in the aboveground woody biomass. The input data for the verification of equations and conversion factors were grouped according to the dominant species, 10−years age subclass and site index class. Four methodological approaches were used to analyse and estimate the amount of carbon accumulated in the aboveground woody biomass. With the assumption of a continuous use of forest land for timber production, the generated revenues will be same at the same level of costs in the subsequent production cycles. Analysing the results of the optimization of the age of felling maturity it should be noticed that these are the averaged values relating to the State Forests. They do not take into account local differences in the price of raw wood and production costs including the specific characteristics of individual trees or stands. The accuracy (quality) of calculating the average and current increment of stands and, in consequence, of the amount and value of the accumulated carbon is important for the effectiveness of the optimization of the amount of carbon accumulated in the aboveground woody biomass.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2017, 161, 11; 883-891
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Metody optymalizacji wieku dojrzałości rębnej drzewostanów z punktu widzenia wiązania węgla
    Optimization methods of the rotation age from the point of view of carbon sequestration
    Autorzy:
    Wysocka-Fijorek, E.
    Zając, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989326.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    drzewostany
    dojrzalosc rebna
    okreslanie wieku dojrzalosci rebnej
    optymalizacja
    wiazanie wegla
    rotation age
    optimization methods
    carbon dioxide accumulation
    timber production
    Opis:
    The determination of the age at which a stand reaches harvest maturity is one of the most important decision−making problems in the forest management. The method of determining the rotation age depends primarily on the objectives and management practices (e.g. timber production, carbon sequestration), which determine the optimal age of trees for felling. The paper includes the methodological basis of optimization of the rotation age of stands due to the maximization of the accumulation of carbon in the aboveground woody biomass of forest trees. The research method involves two variants of calculating the optimal rotation age: grouping the stands by site class (W−1) and grouping the stands by management method (W−2). For each of the variants four data processing methods were used to optimize the rotation age of stands: allometric formulas (I−1), formulas for the calculation of the aboveground woody biomass (I−2), information on wood density (I−3), and IPCC method (I−4). The study assumes that the optimal rotation age from the point of view of maximizing the rate of carbon accumulation is when the value of increment in the average aboveground woody biomass production S(t)/(t) equals to the value of the current increment in this biomass production – ΔS. At this age, the standing volume R(t) and the volume of carbon stored in the growing stock Ww was calculated. The optimization method is analogous in all variants and approaches. The proposed method of optimizing the felling age of stands is illustrated on the example of Scots pine stands in 1 st site class (variant W−1, approach I−4). The 2014 data from the Information System of the State Forests were used for the calculations. The results (fig.) indicate that due to the maximization of the rate of carbon accumulation, the optimum rotation age for the Scots pine in 1st site class is 56 years. At that age the stand was characterized by the standing volume R(t) of about 305 m³/ha. The total carbon accumulation S(t) before this age was 85 t/ha.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2016, 160, 09; 720-729
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Indukcyjna metodyka prognozy rozwoju zasobów drzewnych
    Inductive methodology of the forecast of wood resources development
    Autorzy:
    Wysocka-Fijorek, E.
    Zajączkowski, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979067.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    harvest growth increment
    volume
    area
    resource modelling
    Opis:
    For effective forest management, comprehensive information on the condition and structure of wood resources is needed, as well as a forecast of their development and the possibility of harvest cutting in the long term. The paper objectives is to present a methodology of predicting the development of wood resources and the possibility of main cutting based on the current state of the forest. Presented methodology of the forecast preparation is based on the inductive type of prediction in which future directions of changes are predicted based on past events. Such forecast finds expression of conscious human activity in actively shaping the future, while it does not seek to determine the target state of the forest, but it is assumed that shaping the state of the forest can be subject to constant evolution. The forecast of the development of wood resources in individual forest areas may be based on the data contained in the forest management plans, and these data may be compiled either for individual forest districts (or other forest units), or for groups of forest districts (e.g. for regional directorates of the State Forests, or the State Forests in total). The initial data, necessary to make forecasts, are primarily: a tabular comparison of the stands area and volume in age classes and subclasses; projected afforestation area; intensity indicators of final cutting and intermediate felling determining the harvesting intensity in relation to the size of wood resources in individual classes and age subclasses; and the expected volume of current volume increment over the adopted forecast periods. Additional data contains: approximate share of clear− and complex cutting in final felling; adopted distribution according to the age classes of the young generation after removal cuts in stands kept in complex cutting; average length of the regeneration period; and average age of stands in regeneration classes – used to determine the average age in forest areas for which a forecast is made. Presented methodology makes it possible to determine and analyse anticipated changes in area and volume in age classes, average age and average stand volume as well as possibilities of final and intermediate cutting, and the harvesting intensity in relation to the size of wood resources and the current volume increase in the adopted forecast periods.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2020, 164, 04; 267-279
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ocena naturalnego i sztucznego odnowienia drzewostanów sosnowych Pinus sylvestris L. w Nadleśnictwie Nowa Dęba
    Evaluation of the natural and artificial regeneration of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L. stands in the Forest District Nowa Deba
    Autorzy:
    Długosiewicz, J.
    Zając, S.
    Wysocka-Fijorek, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1291496.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    hodowla lasu
    odnowienia lasu
    drzewostany sosnowe
    odnowienia naturalne
    odnowienia sztuczne
    sosna zwyczajna
    Pinus sylvestris
    jakosc hodowlana
    wzrost roslin
    zywotnosc drzew
    zdrowotnosc drzew
    zageszczenie drzew
    stopien pokrycia terenu
    Opis:
    The main purpose of this article was to highlight the potential for enhancing positive silvicultural effects and their dependency on the management method in Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L. stands. We therefore assessed the impact of natural and artificial regeneration on vitality and health, compaction, surface coverage and seedlings height. Another important goal was to assess the severity of damage in the selected forest sites. A comparative analysis was carried out based on results from field work conducted in the autumn 2010 in the Forest District Nowa Dęba. As part of this field work, also the breeding quality of the analyzed pine renewals was assessed. The obtained results indicate that natural regeneration of Scots pine under the conditions of a fresh coniferous forest as well as a fresh mixed coniferous forest is the most reasonable management practice. In wet mixed coniferous forests however, the naturally regenerating Scots pine seedlings are of lower silvicultural quality and growth parameter values compared to those in artificially regenerated stands. In fresh mixed broadleaved forests, naturally regenerated Scot pine trees showed slightly lower silvicultural quality and vitality than artificially regenerated trees. Our results indicate furthermore that there are indeed conditions under which the restoration of Scots pine in the Nowa Dęba Forest District using natural regeneration is preferable. We also found that the employed method of renewing has a significant impact on pine growth parameters in the moist mixed coniferous forest habitat. Naturally renewing pines are characterized by a lower overall viability, but at the same time natural regeneration provides a larger number of individuals with the best viability (1st vitality class), which can be a valuable selection basis for trees used in breeding.
    Źródło:
    Leśne Prace Badawcze; 2019, 80, 2
    1732-9442
    2082-8926
    Pojawia się w:
    Leśne Prace Badawcze
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Struktura sortymentowa pozyskiwanego drewna w podklasach wieku w wybranych rodzajach rębni w drzewostanach sosnowych
    Assortment structure of harvested wood in age subclasses in selected cutting systems in Scots pine stands
    Autorzy:
    Parzych, S.
    Mandziuk, A.
    Wysocka-Fijorek, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/980187.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    Panstwowe Gospodarstwo Lesne Lasy Panstwowe
    drzewostany sosnowe
    rebnie
    sosna zwyczajna
    Pinus sylvestris
    pozyskiwanie drewna
    struktura sortymentowa
    management system
    cutting system
    assortment of wood
    scots pine
    Opis:
    Scots pine is the dominant forest tree species in Poland covering 58.0% of the forest area and constituting 61.1% of timber resources. Theoretically, all types of cuttings can be used in pine stands, but the purpose of the paper is to analyse the share of the main groups of assortments obtained from such stands with the use of: clear, group and gradual cuttings. It should be remembered that all types and forms of cutting are ideological, and the choice of a particular system should be determined by the silviculture goal. We used the data from the years 2012−2014 to conduct the research. The analysis covered Scots pine stands from all forest districts of the State Forests National Forest Holding, in which this species had a share of 80 to 100%. We analysed clear (I), group (III) and gradual (IV) cutting systems. Over 3.1 million hectares of mono−species pine stands was analysed. Numerical data was obtained from the database of the State Forests Information System. The studies took into account the assortments that actually occurred in a given subclass of age, divided into the type of cuttings, aggregated into three categories: small, medium and large−sized timber. In Poland, in mono−species Scots pine stands, mainly I and III cutting systems (about 97% of analysed stands) were used, the remaining types of treatments were sporadic. The largest share of harvest was characterized by the pulpwood assortment in harvesting I and III and the sawmill wood in the IV cutting system. With age, a decrease in the proportion of small−sized assortments and a gradual increase in the share of large−sized assortments was observed, while in the case of medium−sized assortments, the culmination of the share occurs at the age of 35−45 years, in all the analysed cutting systems. The course of the fraction of sub−classes in the case of large and medium−sized assortments in I and III cutting systems was similar.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2019, 163, 09; 707-715
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ zasobności drzewostanów sosnowych na ustalanie ekonomicznego wieku dojrzałości rębnej
    Impact of Scots pine stand growing stock on determining the optimal economic rotation age
    Autorzy:
    Parzych, S.
    Mandziuk, A.
    Wysocka-Fijorek, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/986601.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    gospodarka lesna
    drzewostany sosnowe
    zasobnosc drzewostanu
    wiek dojrzalosci rebnej
    optymalizacja
    klasy bonitacji
    timber price
    rotation age
    optimization methods timber production
    site class index
    Opis:
    The stand volume is one of the forest inventory characteristic determined during the field work aimed at planning operations in the tree stands. Determining the optimal rotation age is an important decision issue in the forest management. In turn, the key factor that determines the choice of the method for determining the rotation age of the tree stands is the production target. Depending on the rotation age, a specific structure of quantity, quality and dimensions of particular timber assortments is obtained. It seems reasonable that the economic rotation age is one of the main criteria taken into account when planning forest management in tree stands or forest district. The aim of the paper is to assess the impact of growing stock on determining the rotation age of Scots pine stands in particular site index classes. We compared the tabular (i.e. based on data from yield tables) and real (i.e. based on data from the Information System of the State Forests) volume of pine stands. The analysis was based on the forest description data, the amount of the harvested timber and economic data: timber price as well as the costs of harvesting, skidding and production of assortments. The optimal economic rotation age was determined as the point of intersection of the curve describing the average and current increment of the value of Scots pine stands. The research showed that the rotation age of stands is related to the site index class and whether real or tabular results are analysed. The optimal rotation age for Scots pine tree stands is lower in the real data model from 10 to 23 years from that calculated on the basis of tabular data.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2018, 162, 08; 671-678
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ekonomiczna efektywność naturalnego i sztucznego odnowienia drzewostanów sosnowych w Nadleśnictwie Nowa Dęba
    Economic effectiveness of natural and artificial regeneration of Scots pine stands in the Nowa Deba Forest District
    Autorzy:
    Długosiewicz, J.
    Zając, S.
    Wysocka-Fijorek, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985715.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    gospodarka lesna
    drzewostany sosnowe
    odnowienia lasu
    odnowienia naturalne
    odnowienia sztuczne
    efektywnosc ekonomiczna
    ocena ekonomiczna
    Nadlesnictwo Nowa Deba
    scots pine
    natural regeneration
    artificial regeneration
    costs
    effectiveness assessment
    Opis:
    A prerequisite for effective forest management is a detailed economic analysis of given management determinants. In the forest district’s expenditures, next to the wood harvesting and skidding, the cost of silvicultural activities constitute a considerable share. The choice of forest management methods, including those for forest regeneration has a significant effect on the costs incurred for silvicultural activities as well as on the quality of emerging new generation. The aim of the study was to assess the economic effectiveness of Scots pine stand management using natural and artificial regeneration. The research determined the size and structure of expenditures incurred for the establishment and maintenance of crops. We also carried out the analysis and assessment of the effects of the selected regeneration method on forest management economic efficiency. The economic analysis included the comparison of the costs of establishment and maintenance of stands with artificially regenerated Scots pine trees with the costs of analogous activities carried out within the research plots with Scots pine from self−seeding. The studies were carried out on 4 types of forest sites, i.e.: fresh coniferous, fresh mixed coniferous, wet mixed coniferous and fresh mixed deciduous. The analyses were carried out using the cash flow method – the stream of expenditure incurred for stand management. The total costs of artificial stand regeneration and maintenance were on average higher by 1,443.24 PLN/ha of plantation as compared to naturally regenerated stands. Lower costs of tending and corrections performed in artificially regenerated Scots pine stands did not compensate for high expenditure incurred on regeneration activities, and as a result the total cost amounted to an average of 5,002.94 PLN/ha, whereas in the case of natural regeneration the total cost was 3,559.70 PLN/ha. In the analysed methods, the site conditions were of great importance to the amount of expenditures incurred for stand regeneration and maintenance. The economic viability of forest natural regeneration was confirmed for fresh coniferous, fresh mixed coniferous and wet mixed coniferous habitat types. In fresh mixed deciduous site, high costs of tending treatments and corrections had a major effect on the low economic result of the natural method of forest regeneration. The presented results on the effectiveness of management of Scots pine stands or those with the predominance of Scots pine using natural and artificial regeneration can be an important factor in taking appropriate silvicultural decisions, based on the assessment and knowledge of determinants affecting profitability of undertakings.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2019, 163, 05; 373-384
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Podatki i opłaty obciążające państwowe gospodarstwo leśne w Polsce na przykładzie Nadleśnictwa Drewnica
    Taxes and fees incurred state forests in Poland on the example of the Drewnica Forest District
    Autorzy:
    Zając, S.
    Młynarski, W.
    Sikora, A.T.
    Wysocka-Fijorek, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989706.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    Panstwowe Gospodarstwo Lesne Lasy Panstwowe
    nadlesnictwa
    Nadlesnictwo Drewnica
    dzialalnosc gospodarcza
    obciazenia finansowe
    podatki
    state forest
    taxes and fees
    poland
    Opis:
    The article examines taxes, fees and other payments that are incurred by the State Forests National Forest Holding (SFNFH) on the example of the Drewnica Forest District (central Poland) in period 2008−2012. Fiscal instruments are shown against the results of the operations carried out by the forest district, while considering natural and economic conditions and various functions (e.g. environmental, social) performed by the entity, as well as any additional costs incurred during the implementation of these functions. The balance sheet reports, financial statements and other financial and accounting documents, including the planning documents of the examined forest district, constitute the data source for this study. Over the five−year period, the Drewnica Forest District paid an average PLN 839,000 in taxes and fees per annum, and this amounted to approximately 6.1% of its revenue (including the contributions made by the forestry fund). The largest share of the tax paid was composed of VAT (PLN 479,000) and forestry tax (PLN 167,000), as well as income tax from individuals (PLN 129,000). Other relatively small charges included PFRON contributions (PLN 45,000), property tax (PLN 16,000), agricultural tax (PLN 1,000), as well as the fees for the perpetual usufruct of land (PLN 3,000). Between 2008 and 2012, the revenue of the Drewnica Forest District was less than its expenses, and the additional payments in the form of taxes and other fees further increased its deficit. The analysis of the level and structure of taxes and other fiscal charges is important in the context of maintaining the statutory requirement of the financial independence of SFNFH. Studies reveal that the structure and level of financial charges imposed on the organisational units of the State Forests should be subject to the specific nature and conditions of the forestry production process. The imposition of excessively restrictive financial charges in the form of various taxes, fees and payments, made mostly to the State Treasury and municipalities, could threaten the economic viability of the State Forests.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2015, 159, 08; 693-704
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Economic optimization of the rotation age of stands
    Autorzy:
    Plotkowski, L.
    Zajac, S.
    Wysocka-Fijorek, E.
    Gruchala, A.
    Piekutin, J.
    Parzych, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/38593.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
    Źródło:
    Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry; 2016, 58, 4
    0071-6677
    Pojawia się w:
    Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Porównanie sposobów określania składu gatunkowego drzewostanów obrębu leśnego
    Comparison of the methods of determining the tree species composition of stands in a forest district
    Autorzy:
    Bruchwald, A.
    Miścicki, S.
    Dmyterko, E.
    Stereńczak, K.
    Wysocka-Fijorek, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985705.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    sklad gatunkowy
    struktura gatunkowa
    metody badan
    analiza porownawcza
    obreby lesne
    basal area
    cover
    diversity
    sample plot
    survey
    volume
    Opis:
    In Polish forest management planning, the species composition of stands in a forest district is established by adding up the volumes of tree species from individual forest stands. These volumes are calculated according to the estimated share of species cover and the estimated volume of the entire forest stand. The species structure of stands in a forest district, established on the basis of such a method, may be different than that obtained from sample plots. The aim of the study was to compare three ways of determining the tree species structure of stands in a forest district. In Method 1, the species composition was estimated on the basis of the volume of trees measured on sample plots as part of a periodic forest inventory based on stratified sampling. The same data were used in Method 2, but the share of species was calculated on the basis of the basal area. In Method 3, the species structure was estimated according to the volume of trees estimated in each forest stand based on the cover of a given species. The empirical material was collected in 53 forest districts. In method 1 and 2, data from an average of 740 sample plots within the forest district were used. In Method 3, data from the forest stand descriptions contained in the database of the State Forests Information System were used. For each forest district, species composition was calculated, including 6 tree species and 8 groups of tree species. For all forest districts, the average shares of individual species and groups of species differed, depending on the applied method (tab. 1). In case of methods 1 and 2, the biggest difference was found for pine – the most numerous species – but it was also big for less numerous ones: birch and oak (tab. 2). In case of methods 1 and 3, the biggest difference in share was also found for pine (tab. 3). The greater the species diversity of a forest district (determined according to Simpson’s index of diversity), the greater was the average difference in the estimated share of an individual species (figs. 1 and 2). The method of determining the species structure in a forest district used in forest management practice nowadays was considered insufficient. It was proposed to establish it in larger units (subclass, age class, forest district) only according to the volume of trees measured on the sample plots (without rounding and ‘switching’ of species), using the stratified sampling method.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2019, 163, 05; 365-372
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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