Autor: Wachowska, M. - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Biochemical features of winter wheat grain affected by biological and chemical control treatments
Autorzy:: Wachowska, U.
Konopka, I.
Tańska, M.
Korzeniewska, E.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/962675.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2017
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie / Polskie Towarzystwo Magnezologiczne im. Prof. Juliana Aleksandrowicza
Opis:: A new trend in plant protection consists in the integration of biological and chemical control treatments. Unfortunately, the biological control agents for winter wheat are still in short supply. Bacteria of the genus Sphingomonas have a unique ability to produce prolyl endopeptidases. Those enzymes are capable of hydrolyzing the peptide PQPQLPYPQPQLP. During the growing season, the bacteria may be used to protect winter wheat against infections caused by fungi of the genera Fusarium. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of bacterial isolates in protecting field- -grown winter wheat plants against spike infections and to assess the effect of bacteria on the chemical composition and microbiological purity of winter wheat grain. The effects of bacteria of the genus Sphingomonas as biological control agents against Fusarium head blight (FHB) of winter wheat were evaluated in a three-year field experiment. For comparative purposes, the fungicides propiconazole at the elongation stage (BBCH 31) and fluoxastrobin + prothiconazole at the heading stage (BBCH 55) were applied. In 2010 and 2011, the application of cell suspensions of bacteria alleviated the symptoms of disease by 27.3% and 75.8%, respectively in comparison with control. Wheat grain yield was higher in plots subjected to the biological and chemical treatment (by an average of 9.5 and 13.6%, respectively). For the first time, we observed that biological control modified the chemical characteristics of wheat grain. In control grain, the content of gluten proteins was 7.9% higher than in grain treated with the biocontrol agent. In wheat grain treated with the biocontrol agent, the highest decrease was observed in the concentrations of alpha/beta-gliadins (10.59%), but grain quality was most affected by an estimated 8% decrease in the content of HMW glutenins. Biological treatment inhibited the growth pathogens of F. culmorum, F. poae, F. sporotrichiodes and F. avenaceum. A cell suspension of bacteria did not inhibit the growth of yeasts and epiphytic bacteria of the genus Azotobacter on grains.
Źródło:: Journal of Elementology; 2017, 22, 4
1644-2296
Pojawia się w:: Journal of Elementology
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Ocena skuteczności drożdży Aureobasidium pullulans, Debaryomyces hansenii i Rhodotorula glutinis w ograniczeniu septoriozy paskowanej liści pszenicy (Zymoseptoria tritici)
The effectiveness of Aureobasidium pullulans, Debaryomyces hansenii and Rhodotorula glutinis yeasts in inhibiting the development of Septoria leaf blotch (Zymoseptoria tritici) in wheat
Autorzy:: Wachowska, U.
Duba, A.
Goriewa, K.
Wiwart, M.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/808907.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2018
Wydawca:: Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Opis:: Grzyb Zymoseptoria tritici, sprawca septoriozy paskowanej liści, jest jednym z najgroźniejszych patogenów pszenicy między innymi z powodu bardzo długiego okresu inkubacji w tkankach roślin (faza bezobjawowa trwa nawet 10 dni) oraz bardzo szybkiego tempa rozprzestrzeniania się na plantacji, a także trudności w jego zwalczaniu metodami chemicznymi. Jedną z naturalnych metod ograniczenia rozwoju tego patogenu jest uprawa odmian o mniejszej podatności na infekcję. Alternatywą jest także poszukiwanie skutecznych biologicznych metod ochrony. Doświadczenia polowe prowadzono w dwóch lokalizacjach w północno-wschodniej Polsce na dwóch odmianach Triticum aestivum (‘Tonacja’ i ‘Skagen’) i jednej T. durum (‘Komnata’). Celem badań była ocena skuteczności zabiegów biologicznych polegających na opryskiwaniu roślin zawiesiną drożdży Aureobasidium pullulans, Debaryomyces hansenii i Rhodotorula glutinis w ograniczeniu objawów septoriozy paskowanej liści pszenicy. Odmiana Komnata charakteryzowała się mniejszą podatnością na infekcje liści Z. tritici niż odmiany Skagen i Tonacja. Skuteczność zabiegów biologicznych w ograniczeniu objawów septoriozy paskowanej liści odmiany Tonacja oszacowano na poziomie 59,3% dla izolatu A. pullulans oraz 56,7% dla D. hansenii. Zabiegi biologiczne nie miały istotnego wpływu na plonowanie pszenicy.
The causal agent of Septoria leaf blotch is one of the most dangerous fungal pathogens of wheat. It has a very long incubation period in plant tissues, spreads rapidly in crops and is highly resistant to chemical agents. Biological control methods could be used together with fungicides, but only between ten and twenty biocontrol agents have been approved for use in Europe to date. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of foliar-applied cell suspensions of Aureobasidium pullulans, Debaryomyces hansenii and Rhodotorula glutinis yeasts in eliminating the symptoms of Septoria leaf blotch in winter wheat. A field experiment was carried out in two locations in north-eastern Poland on two cultivars of Triticum aestivum (‘Tonacja’ and ‘Skagen’) and one T. durum cultivar (‘Komnata’). The yeast isolates used in the experiment were obtained from the grain of winter wheat cv. Tonacja (A. pullulans, Rh. glutinis) and apples cv. Antonówka (D. hansenii). The ITS1-5,8SrRNA-ITS2 sequences of A. pullulans, D. hansenii and R. glutinis yeasts were deposited in the NCBI database under accession numbers KX444670, KX444669 and KX444653, respectively. Yeast suspensions with density of 0.4–2.5·105 cells per cm3 of sterile water were sprayed onto plants with the use of a backpack sprayer at the first node stage, at the heading stage and at the full flowering stage. The effectiveness of biological treatments in controlling the spread of Septoria leaf depended on the susceptibility of wheat cultivars to infections caused by Zymoseptoria tritici and the yeast strain used as a biocontrol agent. Durum wheat cv. Komnata was less susceptible to leaf infections caused by Z. tritici than common wheat cvs. Skagen and Tonacja. In all analyzed wheat cultivars, the severity of Septoria leaf blotch was considerably lower on flag leaves than on penultimate leaves. The effectiveness of biological treatments in controlling the spread of Septoria leaf blotch in common wheat cv. Tonacja was estimated at 59.3% for the suspension containing the Aureobasidium pullulans isolate and 56.7% for the suspension containing the Debaryomyces hansenii isolate. In the remaining wheat cultivars, the effectiveness of biological treatments did not exceed 54.5%, and it was not statistically significant, mostly due to the low density of the cell suspension of the Rhodotorula glutinis isolate, which was characterized by a low growth rate on agar. Biological treatments had no significant influence on wheat yield. Since yeasts used as biocontrol agents are not highly effective against Z. tritici, they should be combined with chemical methods.
Źródło:: Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych; 2018, 592
0084-5477
Pojawia się w:: Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: The elemental composition of seedlings of selected Triticum sp. genotypes and of a commercial dietary supplement – a comparative analysis
Autorzy:: Wiwart, M.
Suchowilska, E.
Wachowska, U.
Krska, R.
Kandler, W.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/15381.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2016
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie / Polskie Towarzystwo Magnezologiczne im. Prof. Juliana Aleksandrowicza
Opis:: Cereal seedlings are quite broadly used in the dietary supplement industry. The elemental composition of seedlings of five species of the genus Triticum characterized by different ploidy levels (Triticum spelta line UWM10, T. aestivum cv Torka 2n=6x, T dicoccon cv. Lamela, T. polonicum line Pol 5, and T. turanicum cv. Kamut 2n=4x) was determined by the Inductively Coupled Plasma Sector Field Mass (ICP-SFMS) method to analyze their suitability for use in the manufacture of dietary supplements as compared with a dietary supplement product made from T. spelta seedlings, which is commercially available in the European Union. Seedlings of five Triticum genotypes had similar concentrations of the analyzed elements, and contained essential microelements and only trace amounts of heavy metals. The commercially available dietary supplement had a very high content of aluminum (421.1 μg g-1 i.e. nearly 74- to 150-fold higher in comparison with wheat seedlings) and lanthanides (1.074 μg g-1 i.e. 44- to 87-fold higher in comparison with wheat seedlings). Fe, Cr, V and Nb occurred in large quantities in the analyzed supplement (262.7, 1.13, and 0.080 μg g-1 i.e. 4.0, 3.7 and 101.4- fold higher in comparison with wheat seedlings). The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the supplement and the analyzed wheats had completely different elemental profiles. Similarities in the elemental profiles were noted between the wheats Kamut and cv. Lamela (both wheats are tetraploid) and between cv. Torka (hexaploid) and Polish wheat line Pol5 (tetraploid). Spelt line UWM10 significantly differed from the four remaining genotypes in the elemental profile of seedlings
Źródło:: Journal of Elementology; 2016, 21, 3
1644-2296
Pojawia się w:: Journal of Elementology
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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