- Tytuł:
- Kształtowanie środowiska mieszkaniowego dla seniorów
- Autorzy:
-
Gronostajska, Barbara Ewa
Bardzińska-Bonenberg, Teresa
Stankowski, Janusz - Powiązania:
- https://bibliotekanauki.pl/books/1954008.pdf
- Data publikacji:
- 2016
- Wydawca:
- Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
- Opis:
-
W monografi i przedstawiono szeroki opis środowiska dla osób starych. Tematyka w niej zawarta
jest związana z dwoma głównymi blokami: zagadnieniami dotyczącymi osób starych i ich funkcjonowania w środowisku zbudowanym oraz problemami starzejącego się społeczeństwa, pojawiającymi
się w środowisku mieszkaniowym blokowisk z wielkiej płyty z lat 70. i 80. XX wieku. Przedstawiono
liczne wzorcowe, polskie i zagraniczne, przykłady zabudowy mieszkaniowej przeznaczonej dla osób
starych. Ukazano również najważniejsze zmiany zachodzące obecnie w strukturze ludności oraz opisano problemy starzejących się społeczeństw. Ważnym elementem pracy są analizy gerontologiczne
związane ze zdrowiem oraz Universal Design i aging in place. W książce przedstawiono również sposoby
przekształceń zabudowy blokowej uwzględniające potrzeby osób starych oraz niepełnosprawnych.
Publikacja zawiera liczne autorskie ilustracje prezentujące zabudowę dla osób starych oraz studenckie projekty zespołów mieszkaniowo-usługowych przeznaczonych dla tej grupy społeczeństwa.
Shaping of the Housing Environment for Seniors The objectives of the presented survey are as follows: • to study the social transformations in selected prefabricated housing estates related to the aging of the society (age structure, family status, physical fitness); • to conduct social research on the elderly in selected prefabricated housing estates (household structure, family status, physical fitness, assessment of physical activities, leisure activities); • to evaluate the quality of residential environment of the studied housing estates with regard to architectural-urban research (using, inter alia, modified Post-Occupancy Evaluation method) in terms of satisfying the needs of the elderly, i.e. accessibility of recreation, parking spots, communication passageways, residential conditions, adaptation to the needs of people with disabilities – including blind and partially sighted persons, the presence of architectural barriers; • to devise a set of optimized, model solutions of the residential environment for the elderly, which take into consideration the development of apartments, vertical communication, common/meeting spaces, recreation, information and communication technology, etc. The studies will be conducted in two large prefabricated housing estates in Wrocław – Szczepin and Popowice. The study has an interdisciplinary character. The topics include research related to architecture against the background of sociology, social pedagogy, psychology, gerontology, medicine and research studies related to the residential environment. Apart from architectural problems and the technical and functional factors, the study also addresses behavioral issues that determine the quality of life in the built environment, resulting from psychological and social needs of man such as safety, accessibility, territoriality and privacy. The analysis of problems in the paper is based on the literature of the subject, and primarily on author’s own research into this subject and pertains to studies of the aging of society and of prefabricated housing estates. Scientists claims that each building is subject to specific life cycles. These include technical and economic cycles. While analyzing the situation of contemporary buildings, and in particular those built with prefabricated large panels, the social cycle should also be introduced, which consists in the aging of inhabitants in those housing estates. In the 1970s and 1980s the prefabricated housing estates were in the first social cycle. They were inhabited by young people, most often families with small children. Once they became adults, the children moved out, leaving their aging parents in these dwellings. Therefore, today, these estates are mostly inhabited by the elderly, who are often lonely. This is the second social cycle of these estates. As a result new problems emerged related to the needs of this particular group of tenants/inhabitants, which had not been taken into consideration when these housing estates were being designed. Surveys carried out by estate agents (e.g. Wrocławska Giełda Nieruchomości, Home Express, Świat Nieruchomości) indicate that apartments in prefabricated housing estates accounted for 40% of transactions on the secondary market in the last year. This shows that they are still popular and competitive in comparison with the contemporary solutions offered by real estate developers. However, the condition of these estates and the obsolete solutions incompliant with contemporary regulations depreciate their value in use, which is further compounded by property developers who increase the density of prefabricated housing estates. An analysis of foreign housing estates, e.g. in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, i.e. countries with a similar economic situation, shows that it is possible to introduce solutions which require low investments and which could serve their inhabitants for several decades. However, it is important for these solutions to be tailored for the elderly, who currently constitute a very large group of users in these estates. Therefore an important aspect of the project is to conduct social research and evaluate the quality of the environment in which elderly people live, and then to select solutions which can improve their quality of life based on their real needs and their psychophysical abilities. Social psychology shows a close relationship between man and the living environment. A safe and friendly space that is adapted to the needs of users has a positive influence on the quality of life. It can thus be concluded that there is a close link between the quality of the residential environment and the quality of life of the elderly. It is evident that the satisfaction of people with their place of residence is closely connected to the specific requirements related to age. Therefore it is important to learn about all the problems and aspects related to the aging process. For many years Western European countries have developed a model of retirement homes, which are very popular there. The Polish reality is different than in the West. This is related to different cultural values, the process of family functioning, habits and tradition. Thus the western models cannot be directly adopted in Poland. Moreover, in her book Formy mieszkaniowe dla osób starszych, Monika Magdziak- ‑Grabowska underlines that not all elderly people should end up in retirement homes, especially in light of research showing that one of the conditions for good physical fitness in old age is being independent. Such independence is possible primarily by owning and taking care of an apartment, which makes us feel “at home”. People say that “old age is not designed properly”, but it comes to all of us and we should already start thinking about the conditions in which we want to spend the last years of our lives. That is why any voice that promotes dignified aging and shows how to live and spend leisure time is worthy of attention. The analyses presented in the paper are the continuation of studies of problems in prefabricated housing estates, which the author has been conducting for over a decade. The data of the Central Statistical Office shows that out of the 12.5 million apartments in Poland, approximately 7 million are apartments built under the Polish People’s Republic (PRL). An important aspect of the study is the fact that inhabitants in these apartments are aging, and thus their needs are changing. Therefore, these needs should be investigated in order to provide the elderly with appropriate quality of housing. The results of the survey will have a significant impact on the development of architecture, psychology, and medicine because the project will contribute to creating a database of information on the social status, psycho-physical abilities, and architectural-urban needs of the elderly people living in the studied housing estates. The role of this information to portray the situation of prefabricated housing estates in Wrocław and it will serve as a database that can be used in future modernization projects of public space in prefabricated housing estates, residential interiors, entrance areas to stairways, community space, and information and communication systems. This research can be used for scientific purposes: • to expand knowledge on prefabricated housing estates, needs of the elderly, demographics of the studied housing estates, • to create patterns and functional models, • to develop norms and principles of design. - Dostawca treści:
- Biblioteka Nauki
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