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    Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9
    Tytuł:
    Research on interactions of plasma streams with CFC targets in the Rod Plasma Injector facility
    Autorzy:
    Zaloga, D. R.
    Kwiatkowski, R.
    Skladnik-Sadowska, E.
    Sadowski, M. J.
    Nowakowska-Langier, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146642.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    CFC target
    optical spectroscopy
    plasma streams
    plasma-target interaction
    Opis:
    This paper present results of optical spectroscopy studies of interactions of intense plasma streams with a solid target made of carbon fibre composite (CFC). The experiments were carried out within the Rod Plasma Injector (RPI) IBIS facility. The optical measurements were performed first for a freely propagating plasma stream in order to determine the optimal operational parameters of this facility. Optical emission spectra (OES) were recorded for different operational modes of the RPI IBIS device, and spectral lines were identified originating from the working gas (deuterium) as well as some lines from the electrode material (molybdenum). Subsequently, optical measurements of plasma interacting with the CFC target were performed. In the optical spectra recorded with the irradiated CFC samples, in addition to deuterium and molybdenum lines, many carbon lines, which enabled to estimate erosion of the investigated targets, were recorded. In order to study changes in the irradiated CFC samples, their surfaces were analysed (before and after several plasma discharges) by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. The analysis of the obtained SEM images showed that the plasma irradiation induces noticeable changes in the surface morphology, for example vaporisation of some carbon fi bres and formation of microcracks. The obtained EDS images showed that upon the irradiated target surface, some impurity ions are also deposited, particularly molybdenum ions from the applied electrodes.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2016, 61, 2; 179-183
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Recent ion measurements within the modified DPF-1000U facility
    Autorzy:
    Kwiatkowski, R.
    Czaus, K.
    Skladnik-Sadowska, E.
    Sadowski, M. J.
    Zaloga, D. R.
    Paduch, M.
    Zielinska, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148249.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    DPF-1000U facility
    ion beams
    ion energy spectra
    ion pinhole images
    Opis:
    In this note we describe measurements of ion beams emitted along the z-axis of the DPF-1000U facility operated at 23 kV, 334 kJ, and with the initial deuterium pressure of 1.6–2 hPa. The DPF-1000U device was recently renewed and equipped with a dynamic gas-puff valve placed inside the inner electrode. The investigated ions were recorded by means of ion pinhole cameras equipped with solid state nuclear track detectors of the PM-355® (PADC) type. The energy spectra of ions were determined using a Thomson spectrometer placed on the symmetry axis at a distance of 160 cm from the electrodes outlets. The ion images recorded during discharges performed under different experimental conditions show that the ion beams have a complex structure, usually in the form of a central bunch and an annular stream composed of many micro-beams. Energies of the registered deuterons have been in the range of 30–700 keV, while the fast protons (which originated from the hydrogen remnants) had energies in the range of 300–850 keV.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2015, 60, 2; 297-302
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Research on spatial and energetic characteristics of the ion beams emitted in the PF - 360 discharges
    Autorzy:
    Kwiatkowski, R.
    Skladnik-Sadowska, E.
    Malinowski, K.
    Sadowski, M. J.
    Czaus, K.
    Zebrowski, J.
    Garkusha, I. E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147918.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    ion beams
    PF-360 facility
    ion pinhole images
    Opis:
    Experimental results are presented on the spatial structure and energetic characteristics of the fast ion beams produced by high-current discharges in a PF-360 device operated at the National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ, Otwock/Świerk, Poland). The 105 kJ discharges were initiated at the initial deuterium pressure around p0 = 6 hPa and were powered from a 234 miF capacitor bank charged up to 30 kV. The spatial structure of the ion beams was recorded using pinhole cameras equipped with the solid-state nuclear track detectors of the PM-355 type, placed at two different angles (0 centigrade, 45 centigrade) relative to the discharge axis. The detectors were shielded by thin absorption filters made of pure Al foils of various thickness, which made it possible to record only ions with energies exceeding a chosen threshold value. Similarly as in other plasma focus (PF) experiments, energies of the emitted ions ranged from about 30 keV to about 3 MeV, i.e. they were much higher than the voltage applied to the electrodes. The recorded ion images showed a complex spatial structure of the fast ion beams, which consisted of many micro-beams of different energies. It is possible that these beams were emitted by various local micro-sources (e.g. plasma micro-diodes) the were formed inside the PF pinch column.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2012, 57, 1; 67-74
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Time - and space - resolved measurements of high - energy ion beams emitted from PF - type discharges
    Autorzy:
    Kwiatkowski, R.
    Sadowski, M. J.
    Skladnik-Sadowska, E.
    Zebrowski, J.
    Malinowski, K.
    Czaus, K.
    Garkusha, I. E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147518.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    ion beams
    miniature scintillation detectors
    PF-360 facility
    Opis:
    The paper presents experimental studies of the spatial-microstructure and temporal-characteristics of fast ion beams, which are emitted from high-current plasma-focus (PF) discharges performed within the PF-360 facility at National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ) at Otwock/Świerk, Poland. The spatial structure of the ion beams was investigated by means of pinhole cameras equipped with solid-state nuclear track detectors shielded by absorption filters made of Al-foils of different thickness. In order to perform time-resolved measurements there were applied miniature scintillation detectors placed at different points of the ion-image plane.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2012, 57, 2; 211-214
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Comparison of optical spectra recorded during DPF-1000U plasma experiments with gas-puffing
    Autorzy:
    Zaloga, D. R.
    Skladnik-Sadowska, E.
    Kubkowska, M.
    Ladygina, M. S.
    Malinowski, K.
    Kwiatkowski, R.
    Sadowski, M. J.
    Paduch, M.
    Zielinska, E.
    Makhlaj, V. A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147780.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    electron density
    gas-puff
    optical spectrum
    plasma focus
    plasma stream
    Opis:
    The results are presented of the optical spectra measurements for free plasma streams generated with the use of the modifi ed DPF-1000U machine. This facility was recently equipped with a gas injection system (the so-called gas-puff) placed on the symmetry axis behind the central opening in the inner electrode. The DPF-1000U experimental chamber was fi lled up with pure deuterium at the initial pressure of 1.6 or 2.4 mbar. Additionally, when the use was made of the gas-puff system about 1 cm3 of pure deuterium was injected at the pressure of 2 bars. The gas injection was initiated 1.5 or 2 ms before the triggering of the main discharge. The investigated plasma discharges were powered from a condenser bank charged initially to 23 kV (corresponding to the energy of 352 kJ), and the maximum discharge current amounted to about 1.8 MA. In order to investigate properties of a dense plasma column formed during DPF-1000U discharges the use was made of the optical emission spectroscopy. The optical spectra were recorded along the line of sight perpendicular to the vacuum chamber, using a Mechelle®900 spectrometer. The recent analysis of all the recorded spectra made it possible to compare the temporal changes in the electron density of a freely propagating plasma stream for discharges without and with the gas-puffing. Using this data an appropriate mode of operation of the DPF-1000U facility could be determined.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2015, 60, 2; 309-314
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Studies of plasma interactions with tungsten targets in PF-1000U facility
    Autorzy:
    Ladygina, M. S.
    Skladnik-Sadowska, E.
    Zaloga, D. R.
    Sadowski, M. J.
    Kubkowska, M.
    Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, E.
    Krawczyk, N.
    Paduch, M.
    Miklaszewski, R.
    Garkusha, I. E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147524.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    plasma-surface interaction
    plasma streams
    tungsten
    plasma focus
    PF-1000U
    Opis:
    This paper presents results of experimental studies of tungsten samples of 99.95% purity, which were irradiated by intense plasma-ion streams. The behaviour of tungsten, and particularly its structural change induced by high plasma loads, is of great importance for fusion technology. The reported measurements were performed within a modifi ed PF-1000U plasma-focus facility operated at the IFPiLM in Warsaw, Poland. The working gas was pure deuterium. In order to determine the main plasma parameters and to study the behaviour of impurities at different instants of the plasma discharge, the optical emission spectroscopy was used. The dependence of plasma parameters on the initial charging voltage (16, 19 and 21 kV) was studied. Detailed optical measurements were performed during interactions of a plasma stream with the tungsten samples placed at the z-axis of the facility, at a distance of 6 cm from the electrode outlets. The recorded spectra showed distinct WI and WII spectral lines. Investigation of a target surface morphology, after its irradiation by intense plasma streams, was performed by means of an optical microscope. The observations revealed that some amounts of the electrodes material (mainly copper) were deposited upon the irradiated sample surface. In all the cases, melted zones were observed upon the irradiated target surface, and in experiments performed at the highest charging voltage there were formed some cracks.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2016, 61, 2; 149-153
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Comparison of characteristics of pulsed ion beams emitted from different small PF devices
    Autorzy:
    Sadowski, M.
    Skladnik-Sadowska, E.
    Baranowski, J.
    Zebrowski, J.
    Kelly, H.
    Lepone, A.
    Marquez, A.
    Milanese, M.
    Moroso, R.
    Pouzo, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146809.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2000
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    Faraday cups
    ion beams
    plasma focus
    Thomson analyzers
    track detectors
    Opis:
    The paper concerns studies of pulsed ion beams emitted from different small-energy (5–50 kJ) devices of the plasma focus (PF) type. Emission characteristics of the ion beams as measured with nuclear track detectors (NTDs), Faraday-type collectors (FC), and Thomson-type analyzers, are summarized. Common features of the ion emission are considered and some differences are discussed.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2000, 45, 3; 179-184
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Study of tungsten surface interaction with plasma streams at DPF-1000U
    Autorzy:
    Ladygina, M. S.
    Skladnik-Sadowska, E.
    Zaloga, D. R.
    Malinowski, K.
    Sadowski, M. J.
    Kubkowska, M.
    Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, E.
    Paduch, M.
    Zielinska, E.
    Miklaszewski, R.
    Garkusha, I. E.
    Gribkov, V. A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147638.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    DPF-1000U
    electron density
    gas puffing
    plasma stream
    tungsten
    Opis:
    In this note experimental studies of tungsten (W) samples irradiated by intense plasma-ion streams are reported. Measurements were performed using the modified plasma focus device DPF-1000U equipped with an axial gas-puffing system. The main diagnostic tool was a Mechelle®900 optical spectrometer. The electron density of a freely propagating plasma stream (i.e., the plasma stream observed without any target inside the vacuum chamber) was estimated on the basis of the half-width of the Dβ spectral line, taking into account the linear Stark effect. For a freely propagating plasma stream the maximum electron density amounted to about 1.3 × 1017 cm–3 and was reached during the maximum plasma compression. The plasma electron density depends on the initial conditions of the experiments. It was thus important to determine first the plasma flow characteristics before attempting any target irradiation. These data were needed for comparison with plasma characteristics after an irradiation of the investigated target. In fact, spectroscopic measurements performed during interactions of plasma streams with the investigated W samples showed many WI and WII spectral lines. The surface erosion was determined from mass losses of the irradiated samples. Changes on the surfaces of the irradiated samples were also investigated with an optical microscope and some sputtering and melting zones were observed.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2015, 60, 2; 293-296
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Measurements of electron and ion beams emitted from the PF-1000 device in the upstream and downstream direction
    Autorzy:
    Kwiatkowski, R.
    Skladnik-Sadowska, E.
    Malinowski, K.
    Sadowski, M. J.
    Czaus, K.
    Zebrowski, J.
    Karpinski, L.
    Paduch, M.
    Scholz, M.
    Garkusha, I. E.
    Kubeš, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146626.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    electron beam (EB)
    ion beams
    PF-1000 facility
    magnetic analyzer
    ion pinhole cameras (IPC)
    Opis:
    In this paper we report on measurements of the energy spectra and other properties of the electron and fast ion beams emitted in the upstream and downstream direction along the z-axis of a large plasma focus device PF-1000, that was operated at 21-27 kV, delivering 290–480 kJ pulse. Measurements of the electron beam (EB) properties were performed using a magnetic analyzer. Properties of the ion beams were measured by means of pinhole cameras equipped with PM-355 nuclear track detectors and placed at various angles (0, 60 and 180 centigrade) to the discharge axis. Measurements revealed a complex spatial structure of the fast ion beams. The ion measurements behind the PF-1000 collector proved that some fast deuterons are emitted also in the upstream direction. Measurements of the EBs emitted in the upstream and downstream direction revealed electron energies in the range from approximately 40 keV to approximately 800 keV. These spectra confirm that in localized regions within the PF-1000 plasma column there appear strong fields accelerating charged particles in different directions along the discharge axis.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2011, 56, 2; 119-123
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9

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