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    Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5
    Tytuł:
    Recent ion measurements within the modified DPF-1000U facility
    Autorzy:
    Kwiatkowski, R.
    Czaus, K.
    Skladnik-Sadowska, E.
    Sadowski, M. J.
    Zaloga, D. R.
    Paduch, M.
    Zielinska, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148249.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    DPF-1000U facility
    ion beams
    ion energy spectra
    ion pinhole images
    Opis:
    In this note we describe measurements of ion beams emitted along the z-axis of the DPF-1000U facility operated at 23 kV, 334 kJ, and with the initial deuterium pressure of 1.6–2 hPa. The DPF-1000U device was recently renewed and equipped with a dynamic gas-puff valve placed inside the inner electrode. The investigated ions were recorded by means of ion pinhole cameras equipped with solid state nuclear track detectors of the PM-355® (PADC) type. The energy spectra of ions were determined using a Thomson spectrometer placed on the symmetry axis at a distance of 160 cm from the electrodes outlets. The ion images recorded during discharges performed under different experimental conditions show that the ion beams have a complex structure, usually in the form of a central bunch and an annular stream composed of many micro-beams. Energies of the registered deuterons have been in the range of 30–700 keV, while the fast protons (which originated from the hydrogen remnants) had energies in the range of 300–850 keV.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2015, 60, 2; 297-302
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Comparison of optical spectra recorded during DPF-1000U plasma experiments with gas-puffing
    Autorzy:
    Zaloga, D. R.
    Skladnik-Sadowska, E.
    Kubkowska, M.
    Ladygina, M. S.
    Malinowski, K.
    Kwiatkowski, R.
    Sadowski, M. J.
    Paduch, M.
    Zielinska, E.
    Makhlaj, V. A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147780.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    electron density
    gas-puff
    optical spectrum
    plasma focus
    plasma stream
    Opis:
    The results are presented of the optical spectra measurements for free plasma streams generated with the use of the modifi ed DPF-1000U machine. This facility was recently equipped with a gas injection system (the so-called gas-puff) placed on the symmetry axis behind the central opening in the inner electrode. The DPF-1000U experimental chamber was fi lled up with pure deuterium at the initial pressure of 1.6 or 2.4 mbar. Additionally, when the use was made of the gas-puff system about 1 cm3 of pure deuterium was injected at the pressure of 2 bars. The gas injection was initiated 1.5 or 2 ms before the triggering of the main discharge. The investigated plasma discharges were powered from a condenser bank charged initially to 23 kV (corresponding to the energy of 352 kJ), and the maximum discharge current amounted to about 1.8 MA. In order to investigate properties of a dense plasma column formed during DPF-1000U discharges the use was made of the optical emission spectroscopy. The optical spectra were recorded along the line of sight perpendicular to the vacuum chamber, using a Mechelle®900 spectrometer. The recent analysis of all the recorded spectra made it possible to compare the temporal changes in the electron density of a freely propagating plasma stream for discharges without and with the gas-puffing. Using this data an appropriate mode of operation of the DPF-1000U facility could be determined.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2015, 60, 2; 309-314
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Studies of plasma interactions with tungsten targets in PF-1000U facility
    Autorzy:
    Ladygina, M. S.
    Skladnik-Sadowska, E.
    Zaloga, D. R.
    Sadowski, M. J.
    Kubkowska, M.
    Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, E.
    Krawczyk, N.
    Paduch, M.
    Miklaszewski, R.
    Garkusha, I. E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147524.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    plasma-surface interaction
    plasma streams
    tungsten
    plasma focus
    PF-1000U
    Opis:
    This paper presents results of experimental studies of tungsten samples of 99.95% purity, which were irradiated by intense plasma-ion streams. The behaviour of tungsten, and particularly its structural change induced by high plasma loads, is of great importance for fusion technology. The reported measurements were performed within a modifi ed PF-1000U plasma-focus facility operated at the IFPiLM in Warsaw, Poland. The working gas was pure deuterium. In order to determine the main plasma parameters and to study the behaviour of impurities at different instants of the plasma discharge, the optical emission spectroscopy was used. The dependence of plasma parameters on the initial charging voltage (16, 19 and 21 kV) was studied. Detailed optical measurements were performed during interactions of a plasma stream with the tungsten samples placed at the z-axis of the facility, at a distance of 6 cm from the electrode outlets. The recorded spectra showed distinct WI and WII spectral lines. Investigation of a target surface morphology, after its irradiation by intense plasma streams, was performed by means of an optical microscope. The observations revealed that some amounts of the electrodes material (mainly copper) were deposited upon the irradiated sample surface. In all the cases, melted zones were observed upon the irradiated target surface, and in experiments performed at the highest charging voltage there were formed some cracks.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2016, 61, 2; 149-153
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Measurements of electron and ion beams emitted from the PF-1000 device in the upstream and downstream direction
    Autorzy:
    Kwiatkowski, R.
    Skladnik-Sadowska, E.
    Malinowski, K.
    Sadowski, M. J.
    Czaus, K.
    Zebrowski, J.
    Karpinski, L.
    Paduch, M.
    Scholz, M.
    Garkusha, I. E.
    Kubeš, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146626.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    electron beam (EB)
    ion beams
    PF-1000 facility
    magnetic analyzer
    ion pinhole cameras (IPC)
    Opis:
    In this paper we report on measurements of the energy spectra and other properties of the electron and fast ion beams emitted in the upstream and downstream direction along the z-axis of a large plasma focus device PF-1000, that was operated at 21-27 kV, delivering 290–480 kJ pulse. Measurements of the electron beam (EB) properties were performed using a magnetic analyzer. Properties of the ion beams were measured by means of pinhole cameras equipped with PM-355 nuclear track detectors and placed at various angles (0, 60 and 180 centigrade) to the discharge axis. Measurements revealed a complex spatial structure of the fast ion beams. The ion measurements behind the PF-1000 collector proved that some fast deuterons are emitted also in the upstream direction. Measurements of the EBs emitted in the upstream and downstream direction revealed electron energies in the range from approximately 40 keV to approximately 800 keV. These spectra confirm that in localized regions within the PF-1000 plasma column there appear strong fields accelerating charged particles in different directions along the discharge axis.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2011, 56, 2; 119-123
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Study of tungsten surface interaction with plasma streams at DPF-1000U
    Autorzy:
    Ladygina, M. S.
    Skladnik-Sadowska, E.
    Zaloga, D. R.
    Malinowski, K.
    Sadowski, M. J.
    Kubkowska, M.
    Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, E.
    Paduch, M.
    Zielinska, E.
    Miklaszewski, R.
    Garkusha, I. E.
    Gribkov, V. A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147638.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    DPF-1000U
    electron density
    gas puffing
    plasma stream
    tungsten
    Opis:
    In this note experimental studies of tungsten (W) samples irradiated by intense plasma-ion streams are reported. Measurements were performed using the modified plasma focus device DPF-1000U equipped with an axial gas-puffing system. The main diagnostic tool was a Mechelle®900 optical spectrometer. The electron density of a freely propagating plasma stream (i.e., the plasma stream observed without any target inside the vacuum chamber) was estimated on the basis of the half-width of the Dβ spectral line, taking into account the linear Stark effect. For a freely propagating plasma stream the maximum electron density amounted to about 1.3 × 1017 cm–3 and was reached during the maximum plasma compression. The plasma electron density depends on the initial conditions of the experiments. It was thus important to determine first the plasma flow characteristics before attempting any target irradiation. These data were needed for comparison with plasma characteristics after an irradiation of the investigated target. In fact, spectroscopic measurements performed during interactions of plasma streams with the investigated W samples showed many WI and WII spectral lines. The surface erosion was determined from mass losses of the irradiated samples. Changes on the surfaces of the irradiated samples were also investigated with an optical microscope and some sputtering and melting zones were observed.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2015, 60, 2; 293-296
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5

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