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    Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9
    Tytuł:
    O prawidłowości statystycznej Yulea (uwagi polemiczne)
    On Yule s Statistical Regularity (Polemical Remarks)
    Autorzy:
    Ruszkowski, Marek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1927245.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2002-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Opolski
    Opis:
    British statistician G. U. Yule examined sentence lengths measured with a number words (word forms) as a characteristic of a particular prose style. He found out that in a particular author's works sentences tend to become shorter with time, i.e. in texts from la[1]ter period of creative activity sentences as a rule are shorter than in texts written earlier. In order to verify this claim I have examined sentence lengths in 4o texts of contemporary Polish artistic prose authored by 15 writers (3 or, in few cases, 2 works by one author). I have analysed 200 sentences from each text. Yule's statistical regularity was corroborated only by one author's works, which makes up for 7, 1%. However, the examination has proved another relationship - the shorter period between works of a particular author, the slighter differences in sentence lengths and vice versa.
    Źródło:
    Stylistyka; 2002, 11; 541-548
    1230-2287
    2545-1669
    Pojawia się w:
    Stylistyka
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wskaźnik nominalności jako element stylistycznej charakterystyki tekstu
    Nominality Ratio as Element of Stylistic Characteristic of Text
    Autorzy:
    Ruszkowski, Marek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1926988.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2004-12-30
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Opolski
    Opis:
    The most characteristic part of every text as regards the occurrence frequency of speech parts is the number of nouns and verbs, respectively. Quantity relationship between the two word classes detem1ines the degree of nominality which can be calculated with the application of the so called nominality ratio. lts value is the quotient of the total number of nouns used in a text by the to tal number of used verbs. The numeric value of the parameter under analysis is of importance for the purpose of detem1ining stylistic nature of a text. The value may characterise both the style of a particular text, author, types and genres ofliterature as well as functional styles and specify the extent ofnominality in national languages. Analysis o f27 types oftexts - both spoken and written ones -demonstrates that some of them represent nominal styles (as it seems, the noun-to-verb ratio exceeds 3.0), others - verba! styles (the noun-to-verb ratio is !ower than 1 .5). However, most texts should be numbered among intermediate styles (the noun-to-verb ratio ranging from 1.6 to 3.0) that span between liveliness, dynamics and intellectual colouring which manifests itself by nomina lity. Significant deviations from the average value of that parameter whose value for the Polish language is 2.3 are always stylistically meaningful. 
    Źródło:
    Stylistyka; 2004, 13; 329-340
    1230-2287
    2545-1669
    Pojawia się w:
    Stylistyka
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wariancja rzeczowników w Nowym słowniku poprawnej polszczyzny PWN
    Variantivity of nouns in Nowy słownik poprawnej polszczyzny PWN
    Autorzy:
    Ruszkowski, Marek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1375201.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010-01-01
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Opis:
    Linguistic variants are elements that are considered identically in terms of functionality, though they differ formally. The present article discusses variant forms of nouns. The study refers both to variants in the strict sense, i.e. identical in terms of function, and oscillating variants, i.e. those that differ in one quality, i.e. chronology, frequency, social range, stylistic character or the degree of expressiveness or emotiveness. The examples have been excerpted from Nowy słownik poprawnej polszczyzny PWN [The PWN New Dictionary of Correct Polish Usage]. The collected material has been classified into several groups depending on the relations between variants defined by means of qualifiers and abbreviations. Formal and linguistic expressions of noun variantivity are also presented. The examples under scrutiny indicate that the linguistic norm (standard) accepts far more nominal variant forms than the linguistic custom presents as it has sanctioned only a certain part of the analysed examples. A detailed and thorough study on the functioning of nominal variants in the linguistic custom is, however, difficult to carry out.
    Źródło:
    Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza; 2010, 17; 131-138
    1233-8672
    2450-4939
    Pojawia się w:
    Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Stylistyka literaturoznawcza - stylistyka językoznawcza (przegląd stanowisk)
    Literary Stylistics — Linguistic Stylistics
    Autorzy:
    Ruszkowski, Marek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1925805.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2000-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Opolski
    Opis:
    Stylistics as a separate discipline was developed in the 19th century, but the most distinguishing division between 1. literary and 2.linguistic stylistics was formed quite recently: This division is still regarded as ambiguous and unclear which is related to the interdiscplinary characteristic of stylistics itself. There are, however, a few opponent features which may be applied to both types of stylistics such as: 1.Subjectivity versus objectivity; 2. the individual linguistic expression studies v. all types of utterances systematisation; 3. the analyses of utterances which are connected with a conscious choice v. the analyses ofutterances which are connected with a spontaneous choice; 4. deep structure studies v. surface structure studies; 5. summarising of stylistic analyses v. the preparation for stylistic analyses; 6. literary works studies v. all text: studies The division described in this paper was discussed when linguistic phenomena were analysed without taking the external conditions into account. Nowadays, however, it is believed that the distinction made between literary and linguistic stylistics is not required. Therefore every researcher should integrate his linguistic knowledge with literary data. Unfortunately, it is still a theoretical postulate at present.
    Źródło:
    Stylistyka; 2000, 9; 417-422
    1230-2287
    2545-1669
    Pojawia się w:
    Stylistyka
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zdania inicjalne w powieściach Marka Krajewskiego
    Opening sentences in Marek Krajewski’s novels
    Autorzy:
    Ruszkowski, Marek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/615495.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Opolski
    Tematy:
    opening sentences
    novel
    Marek Krajewski
    Opis:
    Opening sentences raise a lot of interest of both linguists and common Polish speakers. It is evident from numerous websites in which Internet users share their observations on the best opening sentences of books (most often novels), as well as theoretical papers and writing guides. The analysis of opening sentences of ten novels by Marek Krajewski (co-author of two of them being Mariusz Czubaj) is to provide an answer to the question to what extent the utterance opening of the texts of the Wroc³aw-based prose writer fulfill the requirements to be met by such type of constructions. It turns out that most crucial are syntactic and semantic features rather than lexical ones. The clash between theoretical assumptions and the M. Krajewski’s writing practice shows that opening sentences of his novels not always fall into classical determinants of incipient formulas. It also illustrates the thesis that a skillful writer does not need to cling to theoretical assumptions to create good opening sentences and novels translated into nearly twenty languages.
    Źródło:
    Stylistyka; 2016, 25; 267-276
    1230-2287
    2545-1669
    Pojawia się w:
    Stylistyka
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wybór jako podstawowy wyróżnik stylu językowego
    Selection as the Basic Distinguishing Feature of the Linguistic Style
    Autorzy:
    Ruszkowski, Marek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1923886.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1998-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Opolski
    Opis:
    There are three very important distinguishing features of linguistic styles: selection, construction and transformation. The notion of selection is still regarded as arguable and amiguous. The reason for that is a limited collection of possible choices the speaker can make. It is also necessary to distinguish between the stylistic selection and unstylistic one. The first one consists of pragmatic (one chooses the element which is close to the described part of reality) and grammatical choices (one chooses an element which is consistent with grammatical rules). The stylistic selection, however, assumes that the choice is made between synonymous components (elements). Therefore, it is worth distinguishing between selection as a procedure and selection as a result of this procedure. The linguistic style is established as the result of two procedures: selection and adaptation, because a linguistic element may be selected in the process of grammatical and semantic adaptation to the other elements. Probably, the procedure of selection cannot be identically applied to all functional styles.
    Źródło:
    Stylistyka; 1998, 7; 61-66
    1230-2287
    2545-1669
    Pojawia się w:
    Stylistyka
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Eufonia a frekwencja wariantatywnych form fleksyjnych
    Euphony with Regard to Frequency of Variable Inflected Forms
    Autorzy:
    Ruszkowski, Marek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/568106.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Wydawnictwo UMK
    Tematy:
    euphony
    inflexion
    frequency
    Opis:
    This article deals with euphony understood as pleasant pronunciation of utterances, harmonization of sound quality of a word. A breach against euphony is the use of phonetic combinations perceived as difficult to pronounce, sounding unpleasant, cacophonous. The analysis encompassed chosen pairs of variable inflected forms which are in line with the linguistic norm confirmed by the PWN Grat Dictionary of the Correct Polish Language (e.g. magistrzy - magistrowie, pedagodzy - pedagogowie, bitw - bitew, brzytw - brzytew, napełń - napełnij). Quantitative data were obtained from the National Corpus of Polish. The research shows that euphony plays a great role in the choice of inflected variant forms. Inflected forms of word that contain phoneme combinations that are easier to pronounce have, generally, a higher frequency, even if such words are longer than their variants (syllable being the measure of length).
    Źródło:
    Linguistica Copernicana; 2014, 11; 183-191
    2080-1068
    2391-7768
    Pojawia się w:
    Linguistica Copernicana
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Liczba trzy w kulturze i języku
    The number three in the culture and language
    Autorzy:
    Ruszkowski, Marek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2174110.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022-12-02
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
    Tematy:
    number three
    trichotomy
    culture
    language
    liczba trzy
    trychotomia
    kultura
    język
    Opis:
    Already in the oldest cultures, numbers were used not only for counting, but humans used them to tame and organise the world and attributed to them magical, mystical and causative powers. It is difficult to characterise all cultural and linguistic areas in which the number three plays a very important role and performs many functions. Out of necessity, this article will limit itself to selected ones: various contemporary and past religions; folk culture; sports; children’s rhymes and counting books; phraseological idioms, proverbs and maxims. Triads occur extremely often in the physical and mental world of many societies, because the number three is considered lucky, perfect, often even sacred, basic in many areas of life (among others in folklore, in fairy tales, in literature, in games and plays, spells, aphorisms, wishes).
    Źródło:
    Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Linguistica; 2022, 17; 214-221
    2083-1765
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Linguistica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    O godzinie siódmej wieczorem w całym mieście zgasło światło – modelowe zdanie inicjalne
    O godzinie siódmej wieczorem w całym mieście zgasło światło (At seven o’clock in the evening, the light went out in the whole town) – a model initial sentence
    Autorzy:
    Ruszkowski, Marek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/10589263.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Kultury Języka
    Opis:
    The sentence cited in the title begins the novel Zazdrość i medycyna (Jealousy and Medicine) by Michał Choromański, which was published in 1933. This paper aims at demonstrating that this initial statement can be considered a model one, that is a very good beginning to an epic work. Having studied the characteristics desired in an initial sentence (enumerated in both theoretical studies and style guides) and carried out stylistic and semantic analysis, the author found M. Choromański’s statement a model one. The contributing elements are as follows: 1. euphonic (the melody of the sentence manifested in a clear caesura nearly exactly in the middle in terms of the number of syllables and in classical proportions between vowels and consonants); 2. syntactic (word order and the related distribution of individual parts of the sentence, dynamism of the statement); 3. semantic (introducing the reader to the centre of extraordinary events, drawing their attention and enforcing their reflection); 4. graphic (isolating the initial statement in a paragraph). Only the lexis of the examined sentence remains neutral.
    Źródło:
    Poradnik Językowy; 2016, 738, 9; 7-14
    0551-5343
    Pojawia się w:
    Poradnik Językowy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9

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