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    Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7
    Tytuł:
    Conceptualizing the Theoretical Category of Neo-militant Democracy: The Case of Hungary
    Autorzy:
    Rak, Joanna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2014409.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    militant democracy
    Karl Loewenstein
    neo-militant democracy
    political regime
    hybrid regime
    Hungary
    authoritarianism
    Opis:
    The article aims to formulate a theoretical category of neo-militant democracy that applies to study the nature and dynamics of democratic regimes after the 2008 economic crisis. It conducts an empirical test to verify the analytical effectiveness of the redeveloped category. The test takes a form of the case study of the Hungarian political system. Apart from a verification-objective, the research aims to identify and account for the dynamics of the Hungarian regime in terms of the neo-militant democracy principle. The qualitative method of source analysis serves to collect data on the processes of becoming neo-militant democracy. The selection of sources is deliberate and oriented on finding information about the implementation of neo-militant democracy measures in Hungary (2008-2019). The technique of qualitative content analysis applies to identify the nature of these processes. The theoretical tool is the category of neo-militant democracy, which simultaneously undergoes the empirical test. The main argument is that the process of becoming neo-militant democracy took a traditional form since the Hungarian neo-militant democracy principle drew on the traditional means introduced by Loewenstein rather than innovations advanced by the current research
    Źródło:
    Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2020, 2 (49); 61-70
    0208-7375
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Political Science Yearbook
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Why Did Italian Democracy Become Vulnerable? Theorizing the Change from Neo- to Quasi-Militant Democracy
    Autorzy:
    Rak, Joanna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2020181.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    neo-militant democracy
    quasi-militant democracy
    contentious politics
    anti-democratic restrictions
    the Northern League
    the Five Star Movement
    political nation
    Opis:
    Embedded in scholarship on militant democracy, this research aims to explain how Italian legislation was positioned to militant democratic measures and how this changed over time. Drawing on the qualitative source analysis and the explanatory frameworks of democratic vulnerability tests two competing theory-grounded assumptions. While the first one assumes that Italian democracy became vulnerable when traditional militant democracy instruments were outmoded, the second considers the misuse or abandonment of those means with social consent as the source of vulnerability. The crisis-induced socioeconomic inequality and uncertainty weakened the Italian political nation. As a result, the latter supported populists in return for a promise of political change. The anti-democratic legal means employed to extend power competencies and prevent the exchange of ruling parties were the way to and the costs of the expected political change. At the same time, the political nation became unable to self-organize to strengthen democracy self-defense. As a result, Italians co-produced a quasi-militant democracy that turned vulnerable because militant democracy measures were misused or not used with the consent of Italians that relinquished their political subjectivity in favor of the Northern League and the Five Star Movement.
    Źródło:
    Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2021, 2 (50); 51-61
    0208-7375
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Political Science Yearbook
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Civic Education for Democracy During Crisis : Measuring State Media Engagement
    Autorzy:
    Rak, Joanna
    Rezmer-Płotka, Kamila
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2140579.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022-09-30
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    neo-militant democracy
    autocracy
    civic knowledge
    contentious politics
    Opis:
    Informed by a research problem of explaining the relationships between the specificity of civic education and public support for authoritarian politicians, this paper aims to propose and test an analytical tool for measuring media engagement in civic education. It contributes methodologically to studies on civic education by delivering a tool that applies to identify and trace state media’s efforts to shape either democratic or autocratic citizenship models. Thereby, it allows monitoring current challenges to civic education for democracy in individual countries. The test contributes empirically to the studies on state-orchestrated civic education by revealing civic education for autocracy in pandemic-driven Poland. It enriches the knowledge of the use of Polish state media by the anti-democratic ruling actors to maintain the status quo.
    Źródło:
    The New Educational Review; 2022, 69; 82-94
    1732-6729
    Pojawia się w:
    The New Educational Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Neo-militant Democracy and (Un)fulfilled Destination of Consolidated Democracies? The Inner Six in Comparative Perspective
    Autorzy:
    Rak, Joanna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2146971.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022-05-14
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Wydawnictwo UMK
    Tematy:
    neo-militant democracy
    European Union
    Inner Six
    anti-democratic legal measures
    civic freedoms
    political rights
    Opis:
    Drawing upon the methods of qualitative source analysis and process tracing, the study addresses the following research questions: How was the national legislation of consolidated democracies positioned to neo-militant democracy measures during the recovery from the great financial crisis (2007–2009)? To what extent was democracy prone to authoritarian abuse depending on a neo-militant democracy rule implementation? It advances arguments to reject Carlo Invernizzi Accetti’s and Ian Zuckerman’s hypothesis that if the freedom of political actors is restricted through militant democracy measures, democracy becomes more prone to authoritarian abuse in the long run. In the founding states of the EU, neo-militant democracy measures functioned in the legal structures long before the outbreak of the great financial crisis, during the crisis (2007–2009), and in the period of recovery. The states restricted democratic freedoms of speech, the press, association, and assembly. Belgium, Luxembourg, and Germany also limited organization in political parties. Moreover, during the recovery from the crisis, that is, a period of particular vulnerability of democracy to authoritarian abuse, the lists of relevant precautions were extended in France, Italy, and Germany. In these states, strengthening neo-militant democracy measures was neither a factor undermining democracy nor making it prone to drift towards a hybrid or authoritarian regime.
    Źródło:
    Historia i Polityka; 2022, 40 (47); 9-24
    1899-5160
    2391-7652
    Pojawia się w:
    Historia i Polityka
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Epistemic Fairness in Militant Democracies: Shaping Freedom of Speech on the Internet in the Inner Six
    Sprawiedliwość epistemiczna w demokracjach opancerzonych – kształtowanie wolności słowa w internecie w państwach założycielskich Unii Europejskiej
    Autorzy:
    Rak, Joanna
    Owczarek, Karolina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/25806036.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    militant democracy
    epistemic fairness
    civil freedoms
    the Inner Six
    threats to democracy
    demokracja opancerzona
    sprawiedliwość epistemiczna
    wolności obywatelskie
    państwa założycielskie Unii Europejskiej
    zagrożenia dla demokracji
    Opis:
    Embedded in the theories of epistemic fairness and militant democracy and based on the qualitative document analysis, the case study deals with the research question: What is the epistemic fairness of threats’ definitions included in the restrictions on the freedom of speech on the Internet in the Inner Six states? The article delivers initial evidence to support the theorygrounded assumption that epistemic fairness in legally defining threats to liberal democracy is a component of militant democracies that makes democracy last and not erode. Slight deviations from the principle of epistemic fairness in defining threats to democracy in France and Italy coincided with an incidental reduction in the quality of democracy. This is the first case study on militant democracies using the theoretical category of epistemic fairness. Preliminary conclusions incentivize more extensive comparative research, including other restrictions to democratic freedoms.
    Studium przypadku, oparte na teorii epistemicznej sprawiedliwości i demokracji opancerzonej oraz jakościowej analizie dokumentów, odpowiada na pytanie badawcze: Jaki jest poziom epistemicznej sprawiedliwości definicji zagrożeń zawartych w ograniczeniach wolności słowa w Internecie w państwach założycielskich Unii Europejskiej? Artykuł dostarcza wstępnych dowodów na poparcie ugruntowanego teoretycznie założenia, że sprawiedliwość epistemiczna w legalnym definiowaniu zagrożeń dla liberalnej demokracji jest komponentem demokracji opancerzonych, powodującym, że demokracja trwa i nie ulega erozji. Niewielkie odstępstwa od zasady epistemicznej sprawiedliwości w definiowaniu zagrożeń dla demokracji we Francji i we Włoszech współwystępowały z incydentalnym obniżeniem jakości demokracji. Jest to pierwsze studium przypadku demokracji opancerzonych wykorzystujące kategorię teoretyczną epistemicznej sprawiedliwości. Wstępne wnioski zachęcają do szerzej zakrojonych badań porównawczych uwzględniających inne ograniczenia wolności demokratycznych.
    Źródło:
    Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne; 2023, 80; 80-92
    1505-2192
    Pojawia się w:
    Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Why did Putin go too far? The rationality of Vladimir Putin’s decision to begin a war with Ukraine
    Autorzy:
    Bäcker, Roman
    Rak, Joanna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2118943.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022-08-23
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    : Russia
    Ukraine
    war
    political decision-making
    authoritarianism
    clep-
    tocracy
    Western militant democracy
    Opis:
    The paper aims to determine the extent of the rationality of Vladimir Putin’s decision to begin a war with Ukraine. Its central argument is that this decision was irrational on three levels. Firstly, the Russian decision-making elites failed to foresee the ability of the Ukrainian army and people to resist efficiently. It might have resulted from the imperial superiority syndrome reinforced by the experiences of 2014. Secondly, the elites treated the reports on the Russian army’s combat readiness as reliable and did not make an effort to verify them. Probably no one can determine the scale of the kleptocracy, and therefore no one has reliable data on the quality of the Russian army’s combat preparation. Thirdly, the elites failed to envisage the scale of support for Ukraine from Western democracies. What is more, they did not take into account the democratic rationality of Western politicians. The same politicians who appeared to Putin to be weak and incapable of action, immediately after the mass social protests and condemnation of Russia’s aggression by public opinion, acted following the clearly expressed will of the political nation. The article reflects on the systemic reasons for such a poor definition of the decision-making situation and then tries to formulate the general relationship between the quality of the decision-making elite and the acceleration of the bifurcation processes of the Russian autocratic regime.
    Źródło:
    Society Register; 2022, 6, 3; 57-72
    2544-5502
    Pojawia się w:
    Society Register
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7

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