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    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    Study of tungsten surface interaction with plasma streams at DPF-1000U
    Autorzy:
    Ladygina, M. S.
    Skladnik-Sadowska, E.
    Zaloga, D. R.
    Malinowski, K.
    Sadowski, M. J.
    Kubkowska, M.
    Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, E.
    Paduch, M.
    Zielinska, E.
    Miklaszewski, R.
    Garkusha, I. E.
    Gribkov, V. A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147638.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    DPF-1000U
    electron density
    gas puffing
    plasma stream
    tungsten
    Opis:
    In this note experimental studies of tungsten (W) samples irradiated by intense plasma-ion streams are reported. Measurements were performed using the modified plasma focus device DPF-1000U equipped with an axial gas-puffing system. The main diagnostic tool was a Mechelle®900 optical spectrometer. The electron density of a freely propagating plasma stream (i.e., the plasma stream observed without any target inside the vacuum chamber) was estimated on the basis of the half-width of the Dβ spectral line, taking into account the linear Stark effect. For a freely propagating plasma stream the maximum electron density amounted to about 1.3 × 1017 cm–3 and was reached during the maximum plasma compression. The plasma electron density depends on the initial conditions of the experiments. It was thus important to determine first the plasma flow characteristics before attempting any target irradiation. These data were needed for comparison with plasma characteristics after an irradiation of the investigated target. In fact, spectroscopic measurements performed during interactions of plasma streams with the investigated W samples showed many WI and WII spectral lines. The surface erosion was determined from mass losses of the irradiated samples. Changes on the surfaces of the irradiated samples were also investigated with an optical microscope and some sputtering and melting zones were observed.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2015, 60, 2; 293-296
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A new concept of fusion neutron monitoring for PF-1000 device
    Autorzy:
    Jednorog, S.
    Laszynska, E.
    Bienkowska, B.
    Ziolkowski, A.
    Paduch, M.
    Szewczak, K.
    Mikszuta, K.
    Malinowski, K.
    Bajdel, M.
    Potrykus, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148394.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    dense plasma focus (DPF)
    PF-1000
    neutron diagnostic
    activation technique
    Opis:
    The power output of plasma experiments and fusion reactors is a crucial parameter. It is determined by neutron yields that are proportional and directly related to the fusion yield. The number of emitted neutrons should be known for safety reasons and for neutron budget management. The PF-1000 is the large plasma facility based on the plasma focus phenomenon. PF-1000 is operating in the Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion in Warsaw. Neutron yield changes during subsequent pulses, which is immanent part of this type device and so it must be monitored in terms of neutron emission. The reference diagnostic intended for this purpose is the silver activation counter (SAC) used for many years. Our previous studies demonstrated the applicability of radio-yttrium for neutron yield measurements during the deuterium campaign on the PF-1000 facility. The obtained results were compared with data from silver activation counter and shown linear dependence but with some protuberances in local scale. Correlation between results for both neutron monitors was maintained. But the yttrium monitor registered the fast energy neutron that reached measurement apparatus directly from the plasma pinch. Based on the preliminary experiences, the yttrium monitor was designed to automatically register neutron-induced yttrium activity. The MCNP geometrical model of PF-1000 and yttrium monitor were both used for calculation of the activation coefficient for yttrium. The yttrium monitor has been established as the permanent diagnostic for monitoring fusion reactions in the PF-1000 device.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2017, 62, 1; 17-22
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Evolution of the small ball-like structures in the plasma focus discharge
    Autorzy:
    Cikhardtova, B.
    Kubes, P.
    Cikhardt, J.
    Paduch, M.
    Zielinska, E.
    Kravarik, J.
    Rezac, K.
    Kortanek, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146922.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    dense plasma focus (DPF)
    interferometric diagnostics
    organized structures in plasma
    plasmoids
    Opis:
    The experiments were carried out in the PF-1000 plasma-focus device at the maximum current reaching about 2 MA, at the deuterium or neon filling and with deuterium injected from a gas-puff nozzle placed on the axis of the anode face. Ball-like structures of diameters of 1–12 mm were identifi ed in interferometric and XUV pinhole camera frames. We made the statistical description of their parameters. A lifetime of the ball- -like structures was in the range from 30 to 210 ns, and in some cases even more. These structures appeared mostly at the surface of the imploding plasma shell and they did not change their position in relation to the anode end. During the evolution of these structures, interferometric fringes were observed near the surfaces of the structures only, and their internal parts were initially chaotic (without noticeable) fringes. Subsequently the number of interferometric fringes increased (the internal ‘chaotic’ area was fi lled with fringes too) and later on it decreased. The radii of the ball-like structures were mostly increasing during their existence. The maximum electron density reached the value of 1024 to 1025 m–3. The ball-like structures decayed by absorption inside the expanded pinch column and/or gradually expired in rare plasma outside of the dense plasma column.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2016, 61, 2; 155-159
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Recent ion measurements within the modified DPF-1000U facility
    Autorzy:
    Kwiatkowski, R.
    Czaus, K.
    Skladnik-Sadowska, E.
    Sadowski, M. J.
    Zaloga, D. R.
    Paduch, M.
    Zielinska, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148249.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    DPF-1000U facility
    ion beams
    ion energy spectra
    ion pinhole images
    Opis:
    In this note we describe measurements of ion beams emitted along the z-axis of the DPF-1000U facility operated at 23 kV, 334 kJ, and with the initial deuterium pressure of 1.6–2 hPa. The DPF-1000U device was recently renewed and equipped with a dynamic gas-puff valve placed inside the inner electrode. The investigated ions were recorded by means of ion pinhole cameras equipped with solid state nuclear track detectors of the PM-355® (PADC) type. The energy spectra of ions were determined using a Thomson spectrometer placed on the symmetry axis at a distance of 160 cm from the electrodes outlets. The ion images recorded during discharges performed under different experimental conditions show that the ion beams have a complex structure, usually in the form of a central bunch and an annular stream composed of many micro-beams. Energies of the registered deuterons have been in the range of 30–700 keV, while the fast protons (which originated from the hydrogen remnants) had energies in the range of 300–850 keV.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2015, 60, 2; 297-302
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Optical emission spectroscopy of plasma streams in PF-1000 experiments
    Autorzy:
    Jakubowska, K.
    Kubkowska, M.
    Skladnik-Sadowska, E.
    Malinowski, K.
    Marchenko, A. K.
    Paduch, M.
    Sadowski, M. J.
    Scholz, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146628.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    dense plasma focus (DPF)
    optical emission spectroscopy
    deuterium Balmer series
    Ar II lines
    electron density
    Boltzmann plot
    Opis:
    The optical spectroscopy in the visible range was used to determine properties of the dense magnetized plasma generated in the PF-1000, a 1 MJ plasma focus device operating in the Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion (IPPLM) in Warsaw, Poland. The experiments were performed in a vacuum chamber pumped out to the basic pressure of 2 x 10.5 hPa. The initial pressure of the pure deuterium filling was 2.9 hPa, while that of the deuterium--argon mixture was 1.07 hPa of D2 and 0.13 hPa of Ar. The deuterium-plasma emission contained the Balmer series (Dalfa, Dbeta and Dgamma) and a few distinct copper (Cu I) lines originating from the inner electrode material. The emission of the deuterium-argon plasma was rich in Ar II lines. The electron density (ne), averaged over line of sight, of order of 1016 cm.3 was calculated on the basis of the Dalfa and Dbeta emission only, because the D�ż line was strongly self-absorbed. A group of the Ar II spectral lines was used to estimate the excitation temperature (Texc = 3 eV) by means of a Boltzmann plot. Additionally, the temporal evolution of the electron density was determined on basis of the Stark broadening of the Dalfa and Dgamma lines.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2011, 56, 2; 125-129
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    PF-6 an effective plasma focus as a source of ionizing radiation and plasma streams for application in material technology, biology and medicine
    Autorzy:
    Gribkov, V.
    Dubrovsky, A.
    Scholz, M.
    Jednorog, S.
    Karpiński, L.
    Tomaszewski, K.
    Paduch, M.
    Miklaszewski, R.
    Pimenov, V.
    Ivanov, L. I.
    Dyomina, E. V.
    Maslyaev, S. A.
    Orlova, M. A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147424.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
    Tematy:
    dense plasma focus (DPF)
    ion beam
    plasma beam
    X-ray beams
    surface damage
    microlithography
    radioenzymology
    positron emission tomography (PET)
    Opis:
    A review of results on the design and operation of the new efficient Dense Plasma Focus device PF-6 of medium size (transportable) having bank energy of ca. 7 kJ and possessing a long lifetime is presented. New data on the interaction of the pulsed fast ion beams and dense plasma streams generated at this apparatus with various materials are given. These results are compared with the analogous information received at the biggest facility PF-1000. It is shown that it is possible to have about the same power flux density (in the range of 105 109 W/cm2) in both devices however in different areas. Doses of soft X-rays produced by the device within the resists for the goals of microlithography and micromachining appear to be several times less that it is with the conventional X-ray tube. In biological application of this device, medium- and hard-energy X-rays are exploited in the field of radioenzymology. It was found that the necessary dose producing activation/inactivation of enzymes can be by several orders of magnitude lower if used at a high-power flux density in comparison with those received with isotope sources. In medicine, short-life isotope production for the goals of the positron emission tomography (medicine diagnostics) is possible by means of the fast ions generated within DPF. All these experiments are discussed in the framework of pulsed radiation physics and chemistry in its perfect sense thereto the criteria are formulated.
    Źródło:
    Nukleonika; 2006, 51, 1; 55-62
    0029-5922
    1508-5791
    Pojawia się w:
    Nukleonika
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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