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    Tytuł:
    Removal of selected organic compounds on modified activated carbons
    Autorzy:
    Okoniewska, E.
    Lach, J.
    Ociepa, E.
    Stępniak, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/207870.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    activated carbon
    organic compounds
    sorption
    removal of organic compounds
    węgiel aktywowany
    związki organiczne
    sorpcja
    usuwanie związków organicznych
    Opis:
    The presented work attempted to modify activated carbons with ultrasonic field and evaluate the efficiency of sorption of organic compounds on the obtained modified activated carbons. The results showed that the applied procedure had a positive effect on the removal of the investigated substance. In the case of removal of benzoic and phthalic acids, the highest sorption capacities were obtained for activated carbons modified with ultrasonic waves with the amplitude of 100% and the exposure time of 5 min. The removal efficiency for both acids was approximately 80% at the initial pH and 65% at pH = 8.0. Sorption of imidazole on modified activated carbons showed that lower final concentration was obtained for activated carbons modified with ultrasounds at the amplitude of 100%. The time of exposure to ultrasounds did not have a significant effect on reducing final concentrations. The average removal degree was approximately 45%. Sorption of phenol showed that the average degree of removal was approximately 80% for the solution of the initial pH whereas for higher pH the average removal degree was close to 65%.
    Źródło:
    Environment Protection Engineering; 2013, 39, 2; 135-144
    0324-8828
    Pojawia się w:
    Environment Protection Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ pola ultradźwiękowego na adsorpcję kationów kadmu
    The Effect of Ultrasonic Field on the Adsorption of Cadmium Ions
    Autorzy:
    Lach, J.
    Okoniewska, E.
    Stępniak, L.
    Ociepa, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1819171.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
    Tematy:
    pola ultradźwiękowe
    adsorpcja kationów
    aqueous solution
    activated carbon
    sewage sludge
    metal ions
    removal
    surface
    Opis:
    Adsorption on activated carbon is one of the methods applied for removal of heavy metals from water and wastewater contaminated with these elements. Ion exchange is a predominating mechanism in the process of sorption of ions. In case of sorption of heavy metals cations various surface aggregates are formed. Other processes, such as reduction and oxidation, and precipitation in the pores of insoluble compounds (e.g. hydroxides, carbonates) also occur. The processes behind the formation of aggregates with various degrees of resistance have a particular effect on the selectivity of ion exchange on activated carbons. The chemical composition of activated carbon surface – in particular, the presence of oxygen groups capable of ion exchange – shows the most significant effect during adsorption of heavy metals ions. Typically, the surface of the activated carbons produced with the steam-gaseous method has functional groups both of acidic and alkaline character that are capable of exchanging cations as well as anions. Carbon materials with no functional groups can also sorb protons. This is possible due to the fact that dislocated electrons π in the solutions act as Lewis base. There are a number of methods currently being investigated that would allow for improving the efficiency of adsorption of heavy metals. In the presented work the effect of ultrasonic field on the adsorption of cadmium from the model solutions was analyzed. Various configurations of ultrasonic field applied in the process of adsorption were investigated. Ultrasounds were generated in the UP 400S disintegrator. In the first phase the activated carbon in the form of granules was modified with the ultrasonic field of acoustic power density of 42,5 W/cm2or 85,0 W/cm2, at the amplitude of 30 and 60 µm, and at the exposure time of 5, 10, 15 and 20 min. Modified activated carbons were used for sorption of cadmium ions from the solutions at the initial concentrations ranging from 2,24 do 11,2 mg/dm3. The adsorption of cadmium on the activated carbon modified with ultrasounds (at the amplitude of 30 µm and 60 µm) and at the shortest exposure time (i.e. 5 min.) was higher than on the initial activated carbon. The most favorable results were obtained for the activated carbon modified with ultrasonic field with the acoustic power density of 42,5 W/cm3 and the exposure time of 10 min. The efficiency of cadmium adsorption for the highest concentration increased from 50% (the initial activated carbon) to 63%. Also, the work included the analysis of the effect of ultrasonic field on the cadmium solution with the activated carbon in the form of granules in the first phase of static adsorption. In this case, no significant differences in the adsorption capacities were observed. Also, the effect of ultrasounds on the solution used for the adsorption of cadmium did not have an impact on the efficiency of adsorption. In the final phase of the investigations the effect of sonification on the adsorption of cadmium on the powdery activated carbon was analyzed. The control sample was mechanically mixed for 5 min, and the remaining samples were subjected to the ultrasonic field at various amplitudes but with the same exposure time. The efficiency of adsorption combined with ultrasounds was significantly higher. The final concentrations during the adsorption without ultrasounds were in the range of 0,291 to 1,778 mg/dm3 whereas for the adsorption combined with ultrasounds these concentrations ranged from 0,13 to 0,748 mg/dm3.
    Źródło:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2013, Tom 15, cz. 3; 2142-2157
    1506-218X
    Pojawia się w:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Modyfikacja węgli aktywnych z wykorzystaniem pola ultradźwiękowego
    Modification of Activated Carbons with Ultrasonic Field
    Autorzy:
    Okoniewska, E.
    Lach, J.
    Stępniak, L.
    Ociepa, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1819209.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
    Tematy:
    węgle aktywne
    pole ultradźwiękowe
    adsorption
    surface
    impact
    dyes
    Opis:
    Technical activated carbons WG-12, ROW 08 Supra and F-300 have been modified using ultrasonic field. Firstly was examined the activated carbon WG-12 produced by GRYFSKAND of Hajnówka in Poland. ROW 08 Supra is granulated and refined activated carbon, which can be thermally regenerated. It is produced from peat by Dutch company NORIT by the use of steam-gas method. The carbon is characterized by a large volume of pores and large size of the grains, which makes, that is commonly used for drinking water treatment in order to enhance the taste of the water and remove the odor, chlorine, ozone and micropollutants (e.g., dissolved organic substances or pesticides). The carbon F-300 is produced by the Belgian company CHEMVIRON CARBON. Sonication of activated carbons was carried out in an ultrasonic generator UPS 400 S Hielscher's designed for stationary use. The modification of activated carbons by sonication was made as follows: the test coals were filled with distilled water in an amount of 500 cm3 and treated by ultrasonic field for 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes. Two series of tests were performed with amplitudes equal 50 and 100%. After sonication process, activated carbons were dried at 145°C to obtain of constant weight. Then, an analysis of selected technical indicators such as bulk density, iodine number, the number of the methylene and the ash content according to the PN were made.
    Źródło:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2013, Tom 15, cz. 3; 2563-2572
    1506-218X
    Pojawia się w:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3

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