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    Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4
    Tytuł:
    Removal of selected organic compounds on modified activated carbons
    Autorzy:
    Okoniewska, E.
    Lach, J.
    Ociepa, E.
    Stępniak, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/207870.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    activated carbon
    organic compounds
    sorption
    removal of organic compounds
    węgiel aktywowany
    związki organiczne
    sorpcja
    usuwanie związków organicznych
    Opis:
    The presented work attempted to modify activated carbons with ultrasonic field and evaluate the efficiency of sorption of organic compounds on the obtained modified activated carbons. The results showed that the applied procedure had a positive effect on the removal of the investigated substance. In the case of removal of benzoic and phthalic acids, the highest sorption capacities were obtained for activated carbons modified with ultrasonic waves with the amplitude of 100% and the exposure time of 5 min. The removal efficiency for both acids was approximately 80% at the initial pH and 65% at pH = 8.0. Sorption of imidazole on modified activated carbons showed that lower final concentration was obtained for activated carbons modified with ultrasounds at the amplitude of 100%. The time of exposure to ultrasounds did not have a significant effect on reducing final concentrations. The average removal degree was approximately 45%. Sorption of phenol showed that the average degree of removal was approximately 80% for the solution of the initial pH whereas for higher pH the average removal degree was close to 65%.
    Źródło:
    Environment Protection Engineering; 2013, 39, 2; 135-144
    0324-8828
    Pojawia się w:
    Environment Protection Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ pola ultradźwiękowego na adsorpcję kationów kadmu
    The Effect of Ultrasonic Field on the Adsorption of Cadmium Ions
    Autorzy:
    Lach, J.
    Okoniewska, E.
    Stępniak, L.
    Ociepa, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1819171.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
    Tematy:
    pola ultradźwiękowe
    adsorpcja kationów
    aqueous solution
    activated carbon
    sewage sludge
    metal ions
    removal
    surface
    Opis:
    Adsorption on activated carbon is one of the methods applied for removal of heavy metals from water and wastewater contaminated with these elements. Ion exchange is a predominating mechanism in the process of sorption of ions. In case of sorption of heavy metals cations various surface aggregates are formed. Other processes, such as reduction and oxidation, and precipitation in the pores of insoluble compounds (e.g. hydroxides, carbonates) also occur. The processes behind the formation of aggregates with various degrees of resistance have a particular effect on the selectivity of ion exchange on activated carbons. The chemical composition of activated carbon surface – in particular, the presence of oxygen groups capable of ion exchange – shows the most significant effect during adsorption of heavy metals ions. Typically, the surface of the activated carbons produced with the steam-gaseous method has functional groups both of acidic and alkaline character that are capable of exchanging cations as well as anions. Carbon materials with no functional groups can also sorb protons. This is possible due to the fact that dislocated electrons π in the solutions act as Lewis base. There are a number of methods currently being investigated that would allow for improving the efficiency of adsorption of heavy metals. In the presented work the effect of ultrasonic field on the adsorption of cadmium from the model solutions was analyzed. Various configurations of ultrasonic field applied in the process of adsorption were investigated. Ultrasounds were generated in the UP 400S disintegrator. In the first phase the activated carbon in the form of granules was modified with the ultrasonic field of acoustic power density of 42,5 W/cm2or 85,0 W/cm2, at the amplitude of 30 and 60 µm, and at the exposure time of 5, 10, 15 and 20 min. Modified activated carbons were used for sorption of cadmium ions from the solutions at the initial concentrations ranging from 2,24 do 11,2 mg/dm3. The adsorption of cadmium on the activated carbon modified with ultrasounds (at the amplitude of 30 µm and 60 µm) and at the shortest exposure time (i.e. 5 min.) was higher than on the initial activated carbon. The most favorable results were obtained for the activated carbon modified with ultrasonic field with the acoustic power density of 42,5 W/cm3 and the exposure time of 10 min. The efficiency of cadmium adsorption for the highest concentration increased from 50% (the initial activated carbon) to 63%. Also, the work included the analysis of the effect of ultrasonic field on the cadmium solution with the activated carbon in the form of granules in the first phase of static adsorption. In this case, no significant differences in the adsorption capacities were observed. Also, the effect of ultrasounds on the solution used for the adsorption of cadmium did not have an impact on the efficiency of adsorption. In the final phase of the investigations the effect of sonification on the adsorption of cadmium on the powdery activated carbon was analyzed. The control sample was mechanically mixed for 5 min, and the remaining samples were subjected to the ultrasonic field at various amplitudes but with the same exposure time. The efficiency of adsorption combined with ultrasounds was significantly higher. The final concentrations during the adsorption without ultrasounds were in the range of 0,291 to 1,778 mg/dm3 whereas for the adsorption combined with ultrasounds these concentrations ranged from 0,13 to 0,748 mg/dm3.
    Źródło:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2013, Tom 15, cz. 3; 2142-2157
    1506-218X
    Pojawia się w:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Modyfikacja węgli aktywnych z wykorzystaniem pola ultradźwiękowego
    Modification of Activated Carbons with Ultrasonic Field
    Autorzy:
    Okoniewska, E.
    Lach, J.
    Stępniak, L.
    Ociepa, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1819209.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
    Tematy:
    węgle aktywne
    pole ultradźwiękowe
    adsorption
    surface
    impact
    dyes
    Opis:
    Technical activated carbons WG-12, ROW 08 Supra and F-300 have been modified using ultrasonic field. Firstly was examined the activated carbon WG-12 produced by GRYFSKAND of Hajnówka in Poland. ROW 08 Supra is granulated and refined activated carbon, which can be thermally regenerated. It is produced from peat by Dutch company NORIT by the use of steam-gas method. The carbon is characterized by a large volume of pores and large size of the grains, which makes, that is commonly used for drinking water treatment in order to enhance the taste of the water and remove the odor, chlorine, ozone and micropollutants (e.g., dissolved organic substances or pesticides). The carbon F-300 is produced by the Belgian company CHEMVIRON CARBON. Sonication of activated carbons was carried out in an ultrasonic generator UPS 400 S Hielscher's designed for stationary use. The modification of activated carbons by sonication was made as follows: the test coals were filled with distilled water in an amount of 500 cm3 and treated by ultrasonic field for 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes. Two series of tests were performed with amplitudes equal 50 and 100%. After sonication process, activated carbons were dried at 145°C to obtain of constant weight. Then, an analysis of selected technical indicators such as bulk density, iodine number, the number of the methylene and the ash content according to the PN were made.
    Źródło:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2013, Tom 15, cz. 3; 2563-2572
    1506-218X
    Pojawia się w:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Immobilizacja cynku i kadmu w glebach w wyniku stosowania substratów odpadowych
    The Immobilization of Zinc and Cadmium in the Soil as a Result of the Use of Waste Substrates
    Autorzy:
    Ociepa, E.
    Ociepa-Kubicka, A.
    Okoniewska, E.
    Lach, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1819005.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
    Tematy:
    substraty odpadowe
    immobilizacja
    sewage sludge
    disintegration
    pH
    Opis:
    The overall goal of the presented work was to evaluate the effects of a fertilizing mixture of sewage sludge, brown coal and brown coal (O+W+P) ash on mobility of Zn and Cd in soil environment and metal uptake by Miscanthus Giganteus. The pot experiment was done in semi-natural conditions from April 2007 to January 2008. The soil that was used in the experiment was taken from surroundings of Huta Częstochowa and village Dyrdy. Both soils were poorly contaminated with zinc and cadmium (II0) but there was a difference in their profiles, pH, granulometric compositions, sorption properties etc. The soil used in experiments was taken from 30 points lying on the diagonal of the study area with a depth of 0 to 20 cm. The pots used in the experiment had a capacity of 11 dm3,filled with soil of its natural moisture content after sieving through a sieve with a mesh diameter of 5 mm. For each soil there were used 6 combinations of fertilization and each of the combination was repeated in four pots. The effect of the prepared formulation was compared with the operation of the same residues (O), the mixture of sludge and mineral fertilizer (NPK+O), a mixture of lignite and mineral fertilizer (NPK+W) and the fertilization with mineral fertilizers (NPK). During periods of no precipitation or low precipitation values, the plants were watered to obtain soil moisture level of 60%. Results of this study indicate that all types of fertilizer improved sorption properties of soils, but in varying degrees. The reason is the increase in total exchangeable cations and a significant increase in the sorption capacity of the soil and the degree of saturation of the sorption complex bases. Depending on the soil type, the application of the investigated fertilizing mixture resulted in the increase in pH by 0,3–0,4, sorption capacity by 3,0 cmol(+)kg-1 and degree of sorption complex saturation with bases by 10–40%. The applied fertilizing mixture had a significant effect on limitation of bioavailable forms of Zn and Cd in soils and the content of metals in plant biomass. The introduction of O+W+P and W + NPK mixtures mostly affected to reduction of soluble forms of Zn and Cd in 1 M HCl and 0.01 M CaCl2 in studied soils. To estimate the degree of immobilization of metals in media immobilization If ratios were calculated. If values confirmed that the fertilizations O+W +P and W+NPK contributed to the immobilization of Zn and Cd in both soils. In soil enriched with O+W +P there was an observed reduction of zinc content in plants by approximately 15.0% compared to plants grown on control soil. The reduction of the cadmium content in plants grown on enriched soil 1 O+W+P was approximately 15.0% and approximately 17.0% in soil 2 in relation to the content of the crops grown on unfertilized soils. This was primarily the result of the enrichment of soil by organic matter and soil pH increase which resulted in limiting the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals.
    Źródło:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2013, Tom 15, cz. 2; 1772-1786
    1506-218X
    Pojawia się w:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4

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