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    Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5
    Tytuł:
    Rola cyrkulacji atmosfery w kształtowaniu temperatury powietrza w styczniu na Spitsbergenie
    Role of atmospheric circulation on the January temperature variability in Spitsbergen
    Autorzy:
    Niedźwiedź, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260696.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2004
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
    Tematy:
    cyrkulacja atmosfery
    Spitsbergen
    temperatury powietrza
    atmospheric circulation
    air temperature
    Opis:
    The study presents variability of simple circulation indices above Spitsbergen for the period 1899-2004 in January, based on original calendar of synoptic divided from the synoptic maps. After calculation of synoptic types frequencies the further results have been obtained using the simple circulation indices: W - westerly, zonal index, S - southerly - meridional index, C - cyclonicity index, as proposed by R. Murray and R. Lewis (1966) with some modifications, as well as Spitsbergen Oscillation (OS) defined as the standarized pressure difference between Bjornoya and Longyearbyen. The negative value of W index is typical for Spitsbergen, according to great frequency of eastern airflow. Variability of January temperature in Svalbard (t01SV) were investigated on the basis of averages from four stations: Isfjord Radio and Svalbard Lufthavn, as well as from Polish Polar Station in Hornsund Fiord on SW part of Spitsbergen, and from Bjornoya (Bear Island) - about 300 km SSE from Hornsund. After reconstructions of some lack data on the basis of linear regression, temperature data were obtained for the period of 1912-2004. For the temperature the main feature is period of cooling in the years 1912-1918 and then the great warming during the decade of 1930th (1933-1937). During the years 1937-1971 was observed the significant decreasing trend in January temperature to the cool period of years 1962-1971. The last period 1971-2004 has no any trend in temperature. But three large fluctuations took place with warm Januarys of 1972-1974, 1990-1992 and 1999-2001 and cool ones of 1975-1982, 1993-1998 and 2002-2004. Temperature of January changes in Spitsbergen depend on a great extend of circulation factors, mainly from the southern (S) and zonal circulation indices (W) or Spitsbergen Oscillation index (SO). Using the models of multiple regression was possible the recontruction of January temperature since 1899 on the basis of circulation indices. They explained about 63% of variance in temperature.
    Źródło:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2004, 14; 59-68
    1234-0715
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Trendy temperatury powietrza oraz liczby dni mroźnych i z przejściem temperatury przez 0°C w Arktyce Atlantyckiej i Syberyjskiej
    The trends in air temperature and the number of ice and freeze-thaw days in the Atlantic and Siberian sector of Arctic
    Autorzy:
    Łupikasza, E.
    Małarzewski, Ł.
    Niedźwiedź, T.
    Dobrowolska, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/261053.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
    Tematy:
    trendy temperatury powietrza
    dni mroźne
    dni z przejściem temperatury przez 0°C
    Arktyka Atlantycka
    Arktyka Syberyjska
    temperature trends
    ice days
    freeze-thaw days
    Atlantic Arctic
    Siberian Arctic
    Opis:
    Opracowanie dotyczy oceny zmienności wybranych charakterystyk termicznych na 4 wybranych stacjach meteorologicznych w obrębie atlantyckiego i syberyjskiego sektora Arktyki w okresie 1979-2013. Arktykę Atlantycką reprezentuje stacja w Hornsundzie (SW Spitsbergen) oraz w Danmarkshavn na wschodnim wybrzeżu Grenlandii. W pobliżu granicy obu regionów znajduje się stacja Dikson. Natomiast Arktykę Syberyjską dobrze reprezentuje stacja Ostrov Kotielnyj w archipelagu Wysp Nowosyberyjskich. Zmienność i trendy średniej temperatury powietrza oraz liczby dni mroźnych (Tmax<0°C) i dni z przejściem temperatury przez 0°C (Tmin≤0°C ^Tmax>0°C) przedstawiono w ujęciu rocznym i sezonowym. Znaczne ocieplenie w świetle średniej rocznej temperatury powietrza z trendami rzędu od +0,6°C do 1,0°C/10 lat znajduje odzwierciedlenie w tendencji spadkowej liczby dni mroźnych w obu regionach. Natomiast odmiennie kształtują się tendencje w występowaniu dni z przejściem temperatury przez 0°C, które są wzrostowe w Arktyce Atlantyckiej i spadkowe w Arktyce Syberyjskiej.
    An increase in the air temperature is an evident manifestation of contemporary climate change. In the Arctic this trend began to be significant in the middle of the nineties and has been accompanied by significant changes in the frequency of thermally characteristic days. This paper discusses the directions and the rate of changes in the average annual and seasonal air temperatures, the number of ice days (Tmax<0°C) and the number of days with freeze-thaw events (Tmin≤0°C^Tmax>0°C) in both the Atlantic Arctic and The Siberian Arctic in the period 1979-2013. Four meteorological stations were considered: Danmarkshavn, Hornsund, Dikson, Ostrov Kotielnyj. In this paper annual courses of the above mentioned characteristics of air temperature are recognized and their trends are calculated from annual and seasonal perspectives. Trend magnitude was assessed with least square method and its significance was tested with Mann-Kendall test. Trends were calculated for several long-term periods starting with the 30-year period of 1979-2008 followed by further periods of which each was lengthened by a year in relation to preceding period, e.g. 1979-2009, 1979-2010 etc. Such an approach enables the trends stability assessment. At the stations considered average monthly air temperature was varying in the range from about -30°C in February at Ostrov Kotielnyj station to slightly more than +5°C in July and August at Dikson station. The mildest thermal conditions characterize Hornsund station where average monthly temperature in winter months reaches about -10°C and during four months (June-September) it is above 0°C. Statistically significant increase in the average annual air temperature of magnitude of +1.0°C or +0.8°C per 10 years was found at all the stations. Trends in the seasonal air temperature were also positive however not always significant. The strongest increase of the rate of more than +2.0°C per 10 yrs was found at Hornsund in winter for the period of 1979-2013. Spring air temperature showed significant increasing trends for all of the long-term periods at the station in Siberian Arctic (Ostrov Kotielnyj) and Dikson. At both Ostrov Kotielnyj and Danmarkshavn stations significant increase of temperature in this season started from the period of 1979-2010. Trends in autumn temperature were significant and stable at most of the stations. At Dikson station exclusively an increase in temperature reached statistical significance slightly later - in the period of 1979-2011. Significant changes in average air temperature caused changes in the frequency of thermally characteristic days. Trends in the frequency of both ice days and days with freeze-thaw events were less significant. The frequency of ice days has been diminishing at all of the stations but significant were mostly annual trends. Significant decrease of the ice days was found at Ostrov Kotielnyj and Danmarkshavn stations in spring and at Hornsund station in summer. In summer significant were also trends for the longest of the multiyear periods analysed at Ostrov Kotielnyj and Danmarkshavn stations. In autumn downward trends were stable at Ostrov Kotielnyj station. At other stations trends in this index were significant only for the period of 1979-2013. A direction of trends in the frequency of days with freeze-thaw event is less stable. In the case of annual index values trends were negative at Ostrov Kotielnyj and Dikson stations whereas at other stations they were positive. Trend directions in the frequency of days with Tmin≤0°C^Tmax>0°C varied depending on season. In spring and autumn trends were positive at majority of the stations. However, they were significant only in spring at Ostrov Kotielnyj and Danmarkshavn stations. In summer trends in this index were negative. This decrease was the strongest and the most pronounced at Dikson station.
    Źródło:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2014, 24; 5-24
    1234-0715
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Współczesna zmienność cyrkulacji atmosfery, temperatury powietrza i opadów atmosferycznych na Spitsbergenie
    Contemporary variability of atmospheric circulation, temperature and precipitation in Spitsbergen
    Autorzy:
    Niedźwiedź, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260947.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2003
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
    Tematy:
    cyrkulacja atmosfery
    temperatury powietrza
    opady atmosferyczne
    Spitsbergen
    atmospheric circulation
    air temperature
    precipitation
    Opis:
    The study presents variability of simple circulation indices above Spitsbergen for the period 1951-2002, based on original calendar of synoptic divided from the synoptic maps. After calculation of synoptic types frequencies the further results have been obtained using the simple circulation indices: W - westerly, zonal index, S - southerly - meridional index, C - cyclonicity index, as proposed by R. Murray and R. Lewis (1966) with some modifications. The negative value of W index is typical for Spitsbergen, according to great frequency of eastern airflow. Some complicated relations between above indices, NAO, temperature and precipitation were noticed in Spitsbergen. Variability of temperature and precipitation based on the data from Isfjord Radio and Svalbard Lufthavn stations, as well as from Polish Polar Station in Hornsund Fiord on SW part of Spitsbergen. They were compared with Bjornoya (Bear Island) - about 300 km SSE from Hornsund. For the temperature the main feature is period of cooling in the years 1961-1971 and around 1988, after the great warming during the decade of 1930th. During that coolest years also large annual temperature range was typical. The coldest was year 1968, and the warmest one -1984 (from -2 to -3°C). Next warm years were observed in 1990 and 1999, but in Jan Mayen the warmest was year 2002. The coolest winter (December-February) with average temperature below -20°C in Longyearbyen was in 1962/1963 (-21.5°C) and 1988/1989 (-20.1°C), and the warmest one on 1984/1985 (-8.3°C). Significant warming was noticed only in the warm half-year (V-X) about 1.2K since 1972 up to 2002. The warmest period V-X was in 1990, and coolest - in 1968. In summer (June-August) the temperature varied between 2°C in 1982 and 4.5°C (Hornsund) or 6.1°C (Longyearbyen) in 2002 (the warmest summer). Temperature changes in Spitsbergen depend on a great extend of circulation factors, mainly from the southern (S) and zonal circulation indices (W). The lowest temperatures were observed round the 1965. During the last decade of 1980 the period of little warming is observed again. For precipitation relative large increase of summer and September precipitation were noticed in the last years of the 20th century, mainly in 1994-1997. May be the part of its fallen in the form of snow in the upper parts of archipelago and supplied glaciers. The highest precipitation is typical for August and September. The largest diurnal precipitation totals - 58.3 mm was observed on August 1, 1994. The second high value 52.6 mm was noticed on September 6, 1996. During the observed period since 1978, only 5 time the daily precipitation in Hornsund exceeded 40 mm and 14 time were higher than 30 mm. In Hornsund annual total of precipitation twice exceeded 600 mm, in 1994 and 1996. This increase of precipitation was connected with greater frequency in the intensity of westerly and southerly atmospheric circulation expressed by the zonal and meridional circulation indices and the more intense cyclonic activity in autumn and winter seasons
    Źródło:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2003, 13; 79-92
    1234-0715
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ cyrkulacji atmosfery na występowanie dni z przejściem temperatury przez 0°C w Hornsundzie (Spitsbergen)
    The influence of the atmospheric circulation on the occurrence of days with freeze-thaw events in Hornsund (Spitsbergen)
    Autorzy:
    Łupikasza, E.
    Małarzewski, Ł.
    Niedźwiedź, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260761.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
    Tematy:
    dni z przejściem temperatury przez 0°C
    przymrozki
    cyrkulacja atmosfery
    Spitsbergen
    Hornsund
    days with freeze-thaw events
    atmospheric circulation
    Opis:
    Dni z przejściem temperatury przez 0°C (Tmin<0°C i Tmax>0°C) są ważnym wskaźnikiem współczesnych zmian klimatu. W obszarach polarnych przekroczenie wspomnianego progu termicznego ma istotne znaczenie ze względu na uruchamiające się wówczas procesy zamarzania wody i tajania lodu. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest określenie wieloletnich zmian występowania dni z Tmin<0°C i Tmax>0°C oraz zbadanie relacji pomiędzy ich występowaniem a makroskalową cyrkulacją atmosfery w Hornsundzie, na podstawie dostępnych danych. Dni z przejściem temperatury przez 0°C w Hornsundzie pojawiają się w ciągu całego roku. Ich występowanie podlega istotnym statystycznie różnokierunkowym zmianom w czerwcu (trend ujemny) i w grudniu (trend dodatni), a kierunek tych zmian wykazuje związek ze średnią miesięczną temperaturą powietrza oraz jej wzrostową tendencją. Relacje pomiędzy występowaniem dni z przejściem temperatury powietrza przez 0°C a cyrkulacją atmosfery zmieniają się w przebiegu rocznym. W miesiącach zimowych (grudzień, styczeń, luty, marzec) oraz w kwietniu, październiku i listopadzie występowaniu dni z przejściem temperatury przez 0°C najbardziej sprzyja adwekcja powietrza z południa (S, SW i W) bez względu na rodzaj układu barycznego. W sierpniu, kiedy zależności wystę-powania dni z Tmin<0°C i Tmax>0°C od cyrkulacji atmosfery są bardzo wyraźne, oraz w lipcu, ich występowanie związane jest z napływem zimnego powietrza z NW i W, szczególnie podczas zalegania wyżu.
    Days with freeze-thaw events at which air temperature crosses the threshold of 0°C (Tmin<0°C and Tmax>0°C) are regarded as an important index of climate change. In the Polar Region such thermal conditions trigger the processes of water melting and freezing. This paper aims at the recognition of the variability and changes in the frequency of days with Tmin<0°C and Tmax>0°C as well as the relationships between their occurrence and macro scale circulation on the basis of available data. Days with freeze-thaw events occur throughout the year. Statistically significant trends in the occurrence of such days were found in June (downward trend) and December (upward trend). The directions of the trends are related to the magnitude of the average monthly temperatures and their growing tendencies. Relationships between the occurrence of days with Tmin<0°C and Tmax>0°C and atmospheric circulation change seasonally. Regardless of the type of baric centre, the warm air advection from the south-west sector (S, SW, W) favours the occurrence of such days in the winter half-year months (November-April) as well as in October. In August, when the relation between days with freeze-thaw events and atmospheric circulation is evident, as well as in July, the occurrence of the days concerned is linked to the inflow of cold air from the NW and W directions, particularly when Spitsbergen is influenced by the anticyclone.
    Źródło:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2012, 22; 5-16
    1234-0715
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Występowanie dni z przejściem temperatury powietrza przez 0°C na wybranych stacjach w atlantyckim sektorze Arktyki
    The occurrence of days with freeze-thaw events at selected stations within the Atlantic sector of Arctic
    Autorzy:
    Łupikasza, E.
    Niedźwiedź, T.
    Małarzewski, Ł.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/972208.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
    Tematy:
    dni z przejściem temperatury przez 0°C
    Arktyka
    trendy dni przymrozkowych
    cyrkulacja atmosfery
    wskaźniki cyrkulacji
    AO
    freeze-thaw events
    Arctic
    trends in the days with freeze-thaw events
    atmospheric circulation
    circulation indices
    Opis:
    Opracowanie dotyczy ważnego wskaźnika współczesnych zmian klimatu – dni z przejściem temperatury powietrza przez 0°C, które wyróżniono na podstawie temperatury dobowej maksymalnej i minimalnej mierzonej na 4 wybranych stacjach w obrębie atlantyckiego sektora Arktyki w okresie regularnych pomiarów instrumentalnych. Analiza częstości występowania tych dni w kolejnych miesiącach wskazuje na ich bimodalny przebieg roczny z maksimum w maju lub czerwcu, a minimum w lipcu lub sierpniu. Obliczona metodą Mann- Kendalla istotność tendencji wykazała spadek częstości występowania dni z Tmax>0°C i Tmin<0°C w miesiącach z cieplejszej części roku oraz w grudniu. Czasowe zmiany występowania tych dni zależą od lokalnej cyrkulacji atmosfery – najsilniej od napływu powietrza z południa, który w lecie przyczynia się do spadku, zaś w zimie do wzrostu ich frekwencji.
    This study aims at determining the occurrence of days with freeze-thaw events at selected meteorological stations (Svalbard Lufthavn, Hornsund, Hopen, Bjørnøya) representing the Atlantic sector of the Arctic, recognizing the trends in the frequency of these days and their relation to atmospheric circulation. The days with freeze-thaw events (TD0) were selected on the basis of daily minimum and maximum air-temperature during the period of regular instrumental measurements conducted at particular stations – Hopen: November 1946 – March 2013, Bjørnøya: January 1946 – March 2013, Svalbard Lufthavn: January 1957 – March 2013, Hornsund: July 1978 – March 2013. Basic descriptive statistics were used to investigate the annual course of the days with freezethaw events (Tmax>0°C and Tmin<0°C) occurrence in the period 1979-2012 which allowed the comparison of the statistics between the stations. Statistical significance of trends were checked with Mann-Kendall test whereas the trends magnitudes were calculated with the least square method and expressed as a change in the number of days per 10 years. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the relations between the DT0 occurrence and atmospheric circulation. Three local circulation indices (S index, W index, C index) and one macroscale circulation index (AO index) were taken into consideration. Statistical significance level of 0.05 was used for both trends and correlations coefficients. The trends were calculated for three various periods: the period of regular instrumental measurements – various at particular stations, the period 1979-2012 – common for all stations analysed and 1995-2012 which is the period of dramatic warming of the Arctic (Przybylak 2007). The investigations were conducted from monthly, seasonal (winter – Dec, Jan, Feb; spring – Mar, Apr, May; summer – Jun, Jul, Aug; autumn – Sep, Oct, Nov) and annual perspective. Days with freeze–thaw events are considered as an indicator of current climate change primarily manifesting in the rapid increase of air-temperature. The average annual number of days with freeze-thaw events varied depending on station from 63 days to 96 days in the period of 1979-2012. These days occurred during the whole year with the maximum in autumn (Svalbard Lufthavn, Hornsund and Hopen) or spring (Bjørnøya) and the minimum in summer (Svalbard Lufthavn, Hornsund, Bjørnøya) or winter (Hopen). The annual course of the number of days with freeze-thaw events is bimodal with the first rate maximum in May (Svalbard Lufthavn, Hornsund, Bjørnøya) or June (Hopen) and the secondary maximum in October. The clearest changes (increase) in the frequency of DT0 occurrence were found in Hopen and Bjørnøya in the months belonging to the warmer part of a year – July, August, September. In Svalbard Lufthavn and Hornsund significant increase in the frequency of DT0 was detected in June. In December increasing trends in the DT0 occurrence were significant which also applies to January DT0 trends at both Longyearbyen and Bjørnøya stations. Dramatic increase of the air-temperature in the Arctic which began in the middle of the nineties has not influenced the frequency of days with freeze-thaw events – the trends calculated for the period of 1995-2012 were significant only in September and sporadically (single stations) in May and December. The long-term variability in the number of days with freeze-thaw events was significantly related to atmospheric circulation. The occurrence of such days was most influenced by the S circulation index, which determined the frequency of DT0 in majority of months and seasons despite summer. At the beginning of a year (February – March) the frequency of DT0 depended most on the flow of air from west (W circulation index). The cyclonity index (C index) affected the number of DT0 at Hopen and Bjørnøya stations. The impact of macroscale circulation (AO index) on the variability of DT0 was limited to Bjørnøya station in the case of monthly values and covered Hopen station in the case of seasonal values. Statistically significant correlation coefficients calculated for the warmer part of a year (from June to September) were positive and were negative for the rest months. Significant decrease of the DT0 frequency in September might be related to the strengthening of the northern flow.
    Źródło:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2013, 23; 121-135
    1234-0715
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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