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    Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5
    Tytuł:
    The optimisation of biomass combustion in small boilers
    Autorzy:
    Polak, M.
    Neuberger, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/59899.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
    Tematy:
    optimization
    biomass combustion
    small boiler
    boiler
    power generation
    heat generation
    biofuel
    Opis:
    Biomass contains chemical energy which is a transformed Sun radiation. This energy can be used in many different ways. One of these is a direct combustion which is the most popular. The direct combustion of biomass is a technology which is well proven in large-scale heat and power generation. However, the situation in the small-scale heat generation is not so good. This paper describes results from the experimental combustion with various kinds of biomass in three different combustion devices. Saw dust is used in the experiment described below. The aim is to choose the best biofuel modification and the best way for its combustion from the point of view of power and emission parameters. As for the so far reached results of the experiment, the best in case of saw dust is the combustion with gasification of saw dust briquettes on stable grate without primary air or pellets in bottom supplied burner.
    Źródło:
    Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2008, 06
    1732-5587
    Pojawia się w:
    Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ recyrkulacji spalin na proces spalania biomasy
    Effect of combustion gas recirculation on biomass burning process
    Autorzy:
    Polák, M.
    Neuberger, P.
    Rutkowski, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/291806.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Rolniczej
    Tematy:
    biomasa
    spalanie
    tlenek azotu
    recyrkulacja spalin
    biomass
    burning
    nitrogen oxide
    exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)
    Opis:
    W procesie spalania biopaliw, pochodzenia roślinnego pojawia się problem zwiększonej koncentracji tlenków azotu w odprowadzanych spalinach. Aby obniżyć zawartość tlenków azotu w spalinach kotłów wielkoprzemysłowych stosuje się recyrkulację spalin. Celem prowadzonych badań było sprawdzenie wymienionej technologii w kotłach małej mocy podczas procesu spalania biomasy. Przedmiotem badań był kocioł wodny o mocy 25 kW gdzie jako paliwo stosowano pelety z drewna o średnicy 8 cm oraz ziarno żyta. Uzyskane wyniki badań potwierdziły rozpatrywaną wyżej analogię. Najkorzystniejsze wyniki uzyskano przy recyrkulacji r = 0,3 ze współczynnikiem nadmiaru powietrza [lambda] = 1,3÷1,4 przy spalaniu pelet z drewna, zaś [lambda] = 1,5÷1,6 w przypadku spalania ziarna żyta.
    There is a problem of increased concentration of nitrogen oxides in exhaust systems in the process of biofuel originating from plants. Ehaust gas recirculation is used in order to reduce nitrogen oxide content in the industrial boilers. The purpose of research was to apply and observe the mentioned process in small power boilers during the process of biomass burning. A 25 kW water boiler burning 8 cm dia. wood pellets and rye grain was selected as the subject of research. The obtained results confirmed analogy mentioned above. Most beneficial results were obtained at recirculation r = 0.3 using air ratio [lambda] = 1.3÷1.4 while burning wood pellets, while air ratio of [lambda] = 1.5÷1.6 was used for burning of grain.
    Źródło:
    Inżynieria Rolnicza; 2007, R. 11, nr 7 (95), 7 (95); 169-176
    1429-7264
    Pojawia się w:
    Inżynieria Rolnicza
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The practical experience with adiabatic cooling withfogging systems in the houses for pig breeding
    Praktyczne doświadczeniab z adiabatycznym chłodzeniem pomieszczeń chlewni za pomocą systemów zamgławiania
    Autorzy:
    Neuberger, P.
    Sleger, V.
    Polak, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/804334.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2002
    Wydawca:
    Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
    Opis:
    Heat stress of domestic animals has the increasing influence on the farming economy in Central Europe. It is not caused only by global warming. Substantial share in this situation has the introduction of new races of animals of higher productivity. On the other hand, breeding of the highly productive animals has a negative influence on moisture and heat increase. These problems can be solved by using direct adiabatic cooling system which is used especially in poultry production nowadays. An effort was made to use this technology for pig breeds too. The paper summarises the results from the observation focused on the comparison of cooled and non-cooled stable for pig breeding. The installation of this cooling system is one of the first example in pig houses in the Czech Republic. The decrease of air temperature by about 2.5-3 K was reached by means of evaporative cooling. However, it should be said, that the system was not adjusted to optimal parameters during the experiment, yet. We can expect the temperature decrease of about 5.5-6 K after the optimal adjustment.
    Stres termiczny zwierząt ma rosnące znaczenie dla produkcji zwierzęcej i jej ekonomiki w krajach Europy Centralnej. Wprowadzanie do produkcji nowych ras zwierząt o wyższej produktywności powoduje wzrost wilgotności i temperatury powietrza w budynkach, co jest przyczyną stresu u zwierząt. Ten problem może być rozwiązany przez chłodzenie adiabatyczne, które jest stosowane szczególnie w produkcji drobiarskiej. Istnieje potrzeba zastosowania tej technologii w produkcji trzody chlewnej. Artykuł prezentuje dane porównawcze chlewni chłodzonych i niechłodzonych. Instalacja takiego systemu chłodzenia należy do pierwszych w Czechach. Dzięki chłodzeniu przez odparowanie uzyskano obniżenie temperatury powietrza o 2,5-3 K. Należy stwierdzić, że system nie był optymalnie skonfigurowany. Po jego usprawnieniu można oczekiwać obniżenia temperatury powietrza o 5,5-6 K.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych; 2002, 486, 1
    0084-5477
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Energy sorrel - an alternative fuel for rural areas
    Autorzy:
    Polak, M.
    Neuberger, P.
    Sleger, V.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/61420.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
    Opis:
    The research is focused on energy sorrel as a fuel for local low-power heating systems with output up to 100 kW. Sorrel is perennial plant surviving in its location nearly 18 years which is very good from the point of crop expenses. It is a robust plant with height of about 2 m in second year of plantation. Dry phytomass is energetically rich fuel with total heating value 17.5 – 18.0 MJ.kg-1 at the average yield of 10 tons per hectare. An experimental combustion of pure sorrel and its blends were done with boiler VERNER A25 – a hot water boiler for pellets. 11 different sorrel fuels consisting of 5 primary kinds were tested during the experiment: sorrel (Rumex tianshanicus x Rumex patientia), Phalaroides arundinacea, Canabis sativa, pine-bark, sorrel (Rumex tianshanicus x Rumex patientia), brown coal. Based on collected data it is possible to obtain an overview of these fuels and their emission properties. Satisfactory values of CO concentration are possible to gain partly by choosing appropriate combustion device and its settings and partly by mixing with other types of fuel. In the case of sorrel the combination of both has been shown very useful. It is very hard to combust sorrel only, and its testing proves unsatisfactory results. But if we combust blend of sorrel and canary grass 1:1 in the same device, the results are somewhat better. The best results can be reached if we burn this blend in more suitable device. By this way it is even possible to fulfil the emission limits. However, if we burn only pure sorrel in another burner, the emissions are very dissatisfactory again. Another possibility of how to burn sorrel effectively is to combine it with brow coal. On the basis of received results, fuel containing 10 to 20 % of coal can be recommended. From point of view of ash properties pure sorrel appears a problematic fuel. During our experiment ash accumulation in combustion chamber was observed. Unburnt fuel blocked air intakes which caused burning deterioration and increase of CO emissions. All above mentioned facts indicate that sorrel burning is possible if we fulfil all demands required for this fuel. Combustion of pure sorrel in any device without special settings means in many cases non effective use of fuel and bad emissions.
    Źródło:
    Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2007, 3
    1732-5587
    Pojawia się w:
    Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Feasibility of using heat-recovery exchangers in livestock buildings at a site at a specific altitude with a specific average outdoor air temperature
    Autorzy:
    Sleger, V.
    Neuberger, P.
    Polak, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/62353.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
    Tematy:
    feasibility
    heat-recovery exchanger
    livestock building
    outdoor air temperature
    climate condition
    Czech Republic
    agriculture
    air temperature
    weather station
    ventilation
    air exchange
    heat exchanger
    Opis:
    The installation of an energy-saving facility must be preceded by analysis of its financial effectiveness. Among methods enabling such evaluation is the basic net profit calculation method. For this, the annual consumption of electricity for ventilation or of thermal energy for heating must be determined. The calculation formula uses the sum of energies for temperatures within the range from the calculation temperature for the area in question to the long-term average of the maximum temperature at the site, or to the temperature at which the heating power is zero. It is necessary to know the summary time of occurrence of a given temperature during a year. The site data can only be assessed based on long-term meteorological information. In fact, data used by current national standards to describe climatic conditions in the Czech Republic are from the years 1901 to 1950. The dependence of the average yearly temperature on altitude is shown in Fig. 1 for the 1961 1990 and 1991 2000 periods. It is evident that the average temperatures for the latter period are nearly 0.6 K higher than those for the former period, irrespective of the altitude. In this paper the climatic conditions are assessed based on daily data measured throughout the period from 1 January 1991 to 31 December 2000. Weather stations were selected so as to achieve a uniform coverage and continuity of measurement at each site (as far as possible). All the stations lie in the Czech Republic between 48.8° and 50.8° north latitude at altitudes from 158 m to 1324 m. It was the objective of this examination, based on the meteorological data collected to calculate the average number of days and hours during which the temperature during the year is lower than a specific limiting level, in dependence on the average yearly temperature of the site. Fig. 3 shows the average number of days in a year during which a temperature lower than a selected limiting level occurs, as calculated for the 1991 2000 period. The results are presented for 4 areas with average yearly temperatures of 6 °C 7 °C, 7 °C 8 °C, 8 °C 9 °C, and 9 °C 10 °C, respectively. The graphs enables us to ascertain the number of days during which a heating facility is in operation if the facility is activated by outdoor air temperature decrease to below a specific limiting level. If a typical daily temperature wave is considered, the method makes it possible to estimate the number of hours during which the air temperature is lower than the limiting level chosen. The difference between the data for various limiting levels allows us, for an area with a specific average yearly temperature to ascertain the time of occurrence of outdoor temperature within various ranges. The results of calculations are shown in Fig. 4 and Table 1. The method applied enables underlying data to be prepared for the assessment of energy demands for air heating at a given site and for estimation of the energy savings that could be achieved by installing economical air heating facilities in livestock buildings.
    Źródło:
    Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2009, 07
    1732-5587
    Pojawia się w:
    Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5

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