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    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    Magisterkowicze prowincji polskiej i litewskiej Towarzystwa Jezusowego (1564–1773). Próba ujęcia statystyczno-prozopograficznego
    Magistri of the Polish and Lithuanian Provinces of the Society of Jesus (1564–1773). An Attempt at a Statistical and Prosopographic Approach
    Autorzy:
    Mariani, Andrea
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47423323.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii Nauki im. Ludwika i Aleksandra Birkenmajerów
    Tematy:
    Society of Jesus
    Commonwealth
    prosopography
    history of education
    Towarzystwo Jezusowe
    Rzeczpospolita
    prozopografia
    historia edukacji
    Opis:
    The article analyzes the structure of a specific group of Jesuits, i.e. the so-called magistri. During their religious formation, these younger Jesuits taught humanistic courses addressed to secular youth. The author applies an innovative methodology, consisting of the statistical analysis of the data from personal catalogues of the Polish and Lithuanian Provinces by means of RStudio, an integrated development environment for statistical computing and graphics. In particular, the paper focuses on the number of magistri, their proportion related to the overall Jesuit population, and their evolution over time. It also represents their dispersion across various Jesuit houses, the relationship between the subjects they taught and the number of years they spent in the Jesuit Order before receiving that post. Finally, it considers the association of various teaching posts. Through the statistical analysis, the author verifies the historiographical thesis according to which a crisis occurred in the Jesuit school system during the second half of the 17th century. This crisis was overcome only in the 1740s as the reform of Jesuit education began.
    Źródło:
    Rozprawy z Dziejów Oświaty; 2022, 59; 143-163
    0080-4754
    Pojawia się w:
    Rozprawy z Dziejów Oświaty
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wspólnota jezuitów w Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów. Między tradycją a zmianą
    Jesuit Community in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: Between Tradition and Change
    Autorzy:
    Mariani, Andrea
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1178405.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    Roman Catholic Church
    Society of Jesus
    Jesuits
    religious province
    prosopography
    Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
    Grand Duchy of Lithuania
    Opis:
    When discussing the composition of the Polish and Lithuanian provinces of the Society of Jesus, this article is part of the trend of prosopographic and socio-historical research devoted to the clergy of the Roman Catholic Church. The aim of the research is to grasp both permanent elements and changes that took place in the structure of the Jesuit community in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The author not only presents similarities and differences in the development of the Polish and Lithuanian provinces, but also discusses the trends occurring in their area in a wide pan-European context, comparing the situation of Polish and Lithuanian Jesuits with other administrative units of the order. The chronological scope of the work covers the years 1608–1773, i.e. from the creation of the Lithuanian province as a result of the division of the Polish administrative unit of the order to the dissolution of the Society. The base of primary sources consists of annual and three-year catalogues kept in the Roman Archives of the Society of Jesus, which were analyzed in the form of survey using statistical methods. Against the background of the development of the institution’s network and its financial situation, the author focuses on four issues: the number of Jesuits, their religious vows, their geographical distribution and regions of origin. The conducted research above all shows the influence of the political and military situation of the state on the size of the Jesuit community: the wars of the mid-17th century and, albeit to a lesser extent, the first decade of the 18th century brought serious consequences. The structure of the community in terms of religious vows evolved in a similar way to other European provinces of the Society, as indicated by the increase in the number of professes of four religious vows, who constituted the elite of the order. This phenomenon testifies to the fact that, despite the crises that affected the Commonwealth, the order provided its members with better and better education. The geographical distribution and regions of origin of the Jesuits are closely related, since the recruitment of candidates for the order took place mostly among graduates of Jesuit schools. The most important change in this respect was the increase in the significance of the eastern territories of the Commonwealth both in terms of the number of friars residing there and the participation of representatives of local society in the Jesuit community. As a result of this tendency, in the 18th century the role of the inhabitants of the ethnically Polish territories of the Commonwealth weakened; in the previous century they had constituted, due to their geographical mobility, a substantial part of the Jesuit community in the eastern regions of the Polish-Lithuanian state. This phenomenon clearly indicates the process of cultural integration that took place in the eastern lands of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and changes in the social mechanism of recruiting friars, manifested in the increase in the number of Jesuits of noble origin.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2019, 84, 4; 123-178
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Rola społeczna aptek jezuickich w dawnej Rzeczypospolitej
    The social role of Jesuit pharmacies in the former Republic of Poland
    Autorzy:
    Mariani, Andrea
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28408508.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-11-03
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    history of pharmacy
    Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
    Society of Jesus
    medical matter
    history of surgery
    history of medicine
    Opis:
    The article presents the social role of Jesuit pharmacies in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth based on the sources of religious provenance and inventories of Jesuit colleges drawn up as a result of the dissolution of the Society of Jesus in 1773. In the first part, the author analyzes the ecclesiastical and secular legislation and its impact on the activities of Jesuit pharmacies. Canon law did not forbid clergymen to deal with medicine, but only limited the possibility of obtaining academic education in this field and conducting surgical procedures. By adopting these rules, Jesuit legislation placed the main emphasis on superiors’ control over the finances of pharmacies and limited the sale of drugs to protect the order from being accused of unfair competition by the townspeople. In the context of state pharmaceutical law, the privilege of June 30, 1662, which allowed for the liberation of journeymen by Jesuit pharmacists, was of great importance. In this way, a path of professional education in the field of pharmacy under the management of the Society, an alternative to the guild system, was created. The second part of the article discusses the social factors that favoured the establishment of monastic pharmacies. Particularly noteworthy is the uneven distribution of Jesuit pharmacies in the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. While in Royal Prussia the Jesuits did not run pharmacies to avoid conflicts with the Protestant bourgeoisie, in the eastern borderlands of the Polish-Lithuanian state, Jesuit pharmacies were often the only institutions of this type. The third part of the work presents the financial situation of Jesuit pharmacies. They had significant income, but also required considerable investments related to the purchase of raw materials and equipment in the Baltic ports. The fourth part of the article concerns the social scope of the activity of Jesuit pharmacists, who not only provided medicines to the poor, but also treated nobles, magnates and high church dignitaries. Not being obliged by guild regulations, apart from preparing medicines, they also diagnosed them, performed minor surgical procedures and assisted women during childbirth. The last part of the article discusses drugs and raw materials in terms of their availability to the broadly understood clientele. The offer of Jesuit pharmacies included both cheap products derived from the local flora, intended for the treatment of the poor, and expensive raw materials from abroad. Moreover, among the medical matter there were preparations for women and infants, as well as for people suffering from syphilis. In the end, the author emphasizes the centrality of pharmacies in the Jesuit pastoral strategy. Thanks to their high level, pharmacies not only corresponded to the ideal of mercy, but also contributed to gaining the favour and trust of representatives of social elites. In this context, the dissolution of the Society is an important turning point not only in cultural and religious life, but also in the history of medicine and pharmacy in the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
    Źródło:
    Wiek Oświecenia; 2021, 37; 42-83
    0137-6942
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiek Oświecenia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Jezuici prowincji litewskiej wobec epidemii dżumy z lat 1708–1711
    Jesuits of the Lithuanian province in the face of the epidemic of plague in the years 1708–1711
    Autorzy:
    Mariani, Andrea
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1193950.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    the Society of Jesus
    contagious diseases
    the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
    the 18th century
    the Great Northern War (1700–1721)
    Opis:
    The article presents the activity of the Jesuits during the epidemic of plague in the Rzeczpospolita during the Great Northern War. The author concentrates mainly on the Lithuanian province of the Society of Jesus, where the epidemic caused the highest number of deaths. Against the description of the structure of the personnel and the issue of the mortality rate among the monks prior to the outbreak of the epidemic, the author characterizes the variety of activities undertaken by the Jesuits. On the one hand, the aim of the Jesuits’ activity was to fulfill the mission of the Society, which consisted in providing spiritual and material help to fellow human beings. On the other hand, the aim was to protect the material and human resources of the Society. In the face of the epidemic most members of the Society left the college to seek shelter in one of the estates belonging to the Jesuits. Several Jesuit monks decided to stay to serve the sick monks and the inhabitants of the town who were unable to escape. According to the hierarchy of values of the Jesuits and the laudatory topic a appearing in the home chronicles, the death of those Jesuits was presented as the achievement of the highest good. The Jesuits paid a high price for their material and spiritual involvement - the consequences of the epidemic continued to be visible many years after the outbreak of the plague.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2016, 81, 2; 65-104
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Duszpasterstwo jezuitów nieświeskich w XVII–XVIII wieku. Między ideałem potrydenckim a lokalnymi uwarunkowaniami
    Autorzy:
    Mariani, Andrea
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/690072.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    historia Towarzystwa Jezusowego
    kontrreformacja
    Wielkie Księstwo Litewskie
    Białoruś
    Radziwiłłowie
    history of the Society of Jesus
    Counter-reformation
    Great Duchy of Lithuania
    Belarus
    Radziwiłł family
    Opis:
    Artykuł przedstawia kierunki pracy duszpasterskiej jezuitów nieświeskich na podstawie źródeł rękopiśmiennych przechowywanych w Archiwum Rzymskim Towarzystwa Jezusowego. Na tle uwarunkowań prawnych i organizacyjnych tworzących ramy funkcjonowania Towarzystwa Jezusowego w mieście rezydencjonalnym Radziwiłłów autor omawia zjawiska typowe dla religijności epoki potrydenckiej, takie jak kult świętych i ich relikwii oraz działalność bractw kościelnych. The paper presents the pastoral activity of Jesuits in Nieśwież (Niasvizh) on the basis of manuscript sources preserved in the Roman Archive of the Society of Jesus. After considering the situation of the Jesuit fathers in this residential city of the Radziwiłł family, the author analyses some of the typical aspects of post-tridentine Catholicism, such as the cult of saints and relics and the activity of pious confraternities.
    Źródło:
    Rocznik Lituanistyczny; 2016, 2
    2450-8454
    2450-8446
    Pojawia się w:
    Rocznik Lituanistyczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Aktywność jezuickich kapelanów nadwornych prowincji litewskiej. Między ustawodawstwem zakonnym a praktyką
    Autorzy:
    Mariani, Andrea
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/690161.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    Society of Jesus
    Great Duchy of Lithuania
    Roman Catholic Church
    aristocratic courts
    administration of the Order
    Towarzystwo Jezusowe
    Wielkie Księstwo Litewskie
    Kościół rzymskokatolicki
    dwory magnackie
    administracja zakonna
    Opis:
    This article analyzes the activity of Jesuit preachers, confessors and private teachers at the king’s and noblemen’s courts in the Early Modern Poland. The first part focuses on the legislation concerning court chaplains at the turn of the 16th century. The author sketches then a collective portrait of court preachers, confessors and teachers belonging to the Lithuanian Province throughout the 17th and 18th century. In doing so, he presents the reciprocal influence between the Jesuit Order and its benefactors and proofs how far general rules were applied in this specific context. In spite of the marginalization of Lithuanian Jesuits at the royal court, the number of chaplains remained high. This was possible thanks to an increasing presence in the entourage of high nobility. Within this social layer many confessors and preachers were associated with the Radziwiłł and the Sapieha families. Even though in some cases Jesuit priests were engaged at court for many years, the tasks of confessor and preacher were usually performed for a short time by relatively young members of the Society of Jesus. Pastoral activity in the entourage of aristocracy represented therefore an early stage of the religious career. Among the features that made a certain Jesuit suitable to the post of court chaplain there were allegiance to his patron, relatively low social origin as well as a good knowledge of foreign languages, in particular French. In the end some aspects of the life of Jesuit court priests are sketched, such as the tasks unrelated to pastoral activity performed on behalf of their protectors and the emotional side of their relationship with them.
    Niniejszy artykuł dotyczy aktywności kaznodziejów, spowiedników i prywatnych nauczycieli z zakonu jezuitów na dworach królewskich i magnackich w dawnej Rzeczypospolitej. Pierwsza część pracy skupia się na zasadach regulujących działalność kapelanów nadwornych, określonych w II połowie XVI stulecia. Następnie zarysowany jest zbiorowy portret jezuickich kapelanów prowincji litewskiej w XVII i XVIII w. W ramach tych rozważań autor omawia wzajemne oddziaływanie Towarzystwa Jezusowego i jego dobroczyńców, a także próbuje określić, w jakim stopniu prawodawstwo zakonne było przestrzegane w badanym kontekście. Pomimo marginalizacji jezuitów litewskich na dworze królewskim w II połowie XVII w., liczba kapelanów nadwornych pozostała znacząca. Wynikało to z silnej obecności w kręgu najbardziej wpływowych rodów litewskich, takich jak Radziwiłłowie i Sapiehowie. Na stanowisko kapelana nadwornego byli powoływani zazwyczaj księża na początku kariery zakonnej. W większości przypadków urząd ten sprawowano przez stosunkowo krótki okres, co uprawnia do stwierdzenia, że stanowił on odskocznię do późniejszych awansów. O powołaniu na służbę dworską decydowała osobowość kandydata: magnaci oczekiwali bowiem lojalności i roztropności od swoich kapelanów. Pożądana była także znajomość języka francuskiego. Pochodzenie społeczne nie odgrywało natomiast większej roli. Mimo że nie każdy kapelan nadworny wchodził w skład duchownej klienteli magnatów, wielu z nich pełniło zadania niezwiązane ściśle z powołaniem zakonnym. Relacje z patronami miały niekiedy charakter emocjonalny, jak ukazuje się w świetle korespondencji.
    Źródło:
    Rocznik Lituanistyczny; 2015, 1
    2450-8454
    2450-8446
    Pojawia się w:
    Rocznik Lituanistyczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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