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Tytuł:
The role and place of solid waste transfer station in the waste management system
Autorzy:
Zemanek, J.
Wozniak, A.
Malinowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/60968.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Tematy:
municipal solid waste
solid waste transfer station
waste management
place
household waste
Directive 75-442-EEC
waste deposition
transfer station
waste management system
Polska
Europe
environmental impact
Opis:
The municipal waste is a waste type that includes predominantly household waste (domestic waste) with sometimes the addition of commercial wastes collected by a municipality within a given area. EU waste management principles were defined in the Waste Framework Directive 75/442/EEC. A transfer station is a building or processing site for the temporary deposition of waste. Transfer stations are often used as places where local waste collection vehicles will deposit their waste cargo prior to loading it into larger vehicles. The primary reason for using transfer station is to reduce the cost of transporting waste to disposal facilities. There are many countries in Europe using this solution in waste management system, for example: Germany, Belgium, Austria, Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland. Waste transfer stations play there an important role in a community's total waste management system, serving as the link between a community's solid waste collection program and a final waste disposal facility. In Poland only several waste transfer stations exist, but none of them fulfils the role like this station located in EU or United States of America. This article includes characteristics and role of solid waste transfer stations (located mainly at rural area) in waste management systems.
Źródło:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2011, 11
1732-5587
Pojawia się w:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Assessment of segregated waste accumulation efficiency in selected suburban communities
Autorzy:
Malinowski, M.
Kopytko, A.M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/61721.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Tematy:
assessment
waste management
municipal solid waste
segregated waste
accumulation efficiency
suburban community
Opis:
Among solid wastes one may distinguish mixed wastes, segregated wastes (collected selectively) and biodegradable wastes originating from open-air markets, green areas or cemeteries. Mixed wastes have constituted the largest proportion in the stream of municipal solid waste (MSW), both before and after the changes in waste management system in Poland introduced on 1 July 2013. The other group, regarding the collected wastes volume, is so-called segregation. It has been forecasted that in the nearest future the amount of segregated wastes will be successively growing. The article presents the analysis of selectively collected wastes (paper, plastics, glass and metal) indicators from lower administrative units of Liszki and Mogilany communities. The degree of segregated wastes accumulation efficiency was assessed on the basis of conducted computation. The communities selected for the analysis are suburban municipalities, situated in the area of Krakow agglomeration in the immediate vicinity of the main city of the Malopolskie voivodeship. The main aim of the work was an assessment of selective accumulation of municipal solid wastes in suburban communities. Values of quantitative indices, characterizing mixed and segregated municipal solid waste generated by the inhabitants of individual lower administrative units of the studied communities were subjected to a detailed analysis. The data assumed for the investigations cover the period from July 2012 to June 2013. As results from conducted analyses actual indices of wastes accumulation differ from the indices determined on the basis of statistical data and the data stated in the Waste Management Plans, which may evidence a high ecological awareness of the analysed areas inhabitants. The efficiency of selective waste accumulation in the analysed communities was on a similar level and exceeded 20%, i.e. was twice higher than the average for Poland.
Źródło:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2014, IV/3
1732-5587
Pojawia się w:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Changes in municipal waste management following the amendment of the act on maintaining the cleanliness and order in communes
Autorzy:
Malinowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/59646.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Tematy:
Malopolska region
municipal waste
waste management
act regulation
waste disposal process
infrastructure
cleanliness
Polska
waste mass
European law
Opis:
A new act on maintaining the cleanliness and order in communes of 1 July, 2011, will become effective in Poland on 1 January, 2012. The act will come fully into force on 1 July, 2013. According to this act regulations, commune self-governments take over the obligations of the property owners concerning waste management, moreover, they become responsible for construction and maintenance of the infrastructure supporting recycling and waste disposal processes. The self-governments were granted a 1.5 year transition period to implement the act regulations.The introduced changes are an adjustment of Polish regulation to the European law. Only in Poland and Hungary local self-governments have not yet been responsible for management of waste generated in their areas.The article presents an analysis of the basic changes introduced by the act to the Polish system of municipal waste management. Presented are also the estimates of the mass of wastes collected on the territory of Poland with particular regard to the Małopolskie voivodeship. Calculations and forecasts were made on the basis of information collected by the Main Statistical Office (GUS) and commune offices, where systems similar to the one introduced by the act have been operating for several years. The act assumes that all citizens of Poland will be covered by a system of waste collection, but will also have to pay so called "garbage tax", which should translate into increased amount of collected wastes, especially in these communes where wastes collection system was faulty. In Małopolskie only in 30 communes the 100% of inhabitants have signed contracts for garbage disposal. In the communes where the modern municipal waste management system has been operating, the increase in the mass of collected wastes (for the first three years of system operation) ranged between 31% and 94% in relation to the mass collected in the year preceding the introduction of the new system, although over 90% of local inhabitants were covered by the previous system. As results from the analyses, after introducing the new act the amount of wastes collected in the Małopolskie voivodeship may increase from the level of 765,000 Mg (2010) to over 1.1 M Mg (1.4 M Mg according to less optimistic forecasts), assuming that all generated wastes will be collected (the same amount as in 2010). In some of the Małopolskie communes the estimated increase in collected municipal wastes may reach over 500%.
Źródło:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2011, 12
1732-5587
Pojawia się w:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Method of setting locations for municipal solid waste collection points in protected areas
Autorzy:
Malinowski, M.
Religa, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/101568.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Tematy:
municipal solid waste
municipal solid waste collection point
GIS
AHP
Opis:
According to the amendment to the Act on maintaining cleanliness and order in communes, a stationary a municipal solid waste collection point (MSWCP) must be established in each Polish commune or commune union and situated close to the commune center. This point (MSWCP) should exist in the commune (or commune union), which are covered in 100% by protected zone. These objects are a new element in managing of the stream of municipal solid waste in Poland, known in the European countries as “household waste recycling centers” (HWRC). The aim of the work was developing the procedure with the use of tools enabling setting potential locations for MSWCPs in protected areas. The developed method was applied (for verification of the assumptions) in the process of seeking optimal locations for MSWCPs in the communes located in the Świętokrzyski National Park (ŚNP) protection zone. The paper presents the methodology for setting locations for municipal solid waste collection points. A method was developed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographical Information System (GIS). It was possible to designate between 98 and 191 potential locations of MSWCPs in the communes situated in the ŚNP protection zone. The assumed criterion of maximum distance from the commune center eliminated 85% of locations. Optimal locations for MSWCPs in each commune were determined using AHP method. The main results of this research was to establish of MSWCP location for every commune in analyzed protected zone, based on the proposed methodology. The method presented in the paper may be a tool for the environment impact assessment of these investments.
Źródło:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2016, IV/3; 1603-1614
1732-5587
Pojawia się w:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of the intensive aerobic biostabilization phase on selected microbiological and physicochemical parameters of wastes
Autorzy:
Wolny-Koładka, K.
Malinowski, M.
Sikora, A.
Szymonik, K.
Pelczar, G.
Wawrzyniak-Turek, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/101466.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Tematy:
waste
bacteria
fungi
mechanical treatment
biological treatment
biodegradable waste
biostabilization process
Opis:
One of the most frequently applied methods of mixed municipal solid waste biological treatment in mechanical-biological treatment installations (MBT) is their disposal in aerobic biostabilization process. The process comprises an intensive phase and maturation phase. The intensive phase relies on waste heating in result of organic matter breakdown conducted by microorganisms settling the wastes. Microorganisms living in wastes have optimal conditions for development, i.e. a considerable space volume, optimal material fragmentation and organic matter availability. The aim of the aerobic biostabilization process is stabilizing and hygienization of wastes, so that they become a valuable raw material for other recovery processes (e.g. RDF production, Refuse-Derived Fuel) or their disposal is safe for the environment and do not pose any epidemiological hazard for people employed in waste treatment plants. Analyses presented in the paper aimed to determine the number and species composition of vegetative and endospore bacteria, mold fungi, actinomycetes and pathogenic microorganisms, i.e. Staphylococcus spp., E. coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., E. faecalis, C. perfringens, settling municipal wastes prior to and after aerobic stabilization process. The aerobic stabilization process (intensive phase) was conducted in a laboratory BKB 100 bioreactor using the wastes, characterized by low share of biodegradable wastes (<40%), obtained from MBT installation during the period from December 2015 to February 2016. The temperature, loss on ignition, waste density, ash content, moisture and pH were monitored during the analyses. The research was conducted on the undersize and oversize fraction separated from mixed municipal wastes on MBT installation. The maximal temperature reached in the bioreactor, between c.a. 40 and 55°C, persisting for many hours is insufficient for efficient elimination of the determined microorganism groups. Paradoxically, the conditions created in the bioreactor proved convenient for the microorganisms, therefore an increase in their number was observed. Only in one case, when the share of biodegradable wastes exceed the value of 45 % it was observed, that the aerobic stabilization process of these wastes was going correctly and caused among others a decrease in loss on ignition.
Źródło:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2016, IV/1; 1099-1115
1732-5587
Pojawia się w:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Assessment of the use of EWA bioreactor in the process of biodrying of undersize fraction manufactured from mixed municipal solid waste
Autorzy:
Hurka, M.
Malinowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/61276.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Tematy:
assessment
EWA bioreactor
bioreactor
drying process
biodrying
municipal solid waste
waste treatment
Opis:
The article presents the results of a research on the processing of undersize fraction, extracted from a stream of mixed municipal solid waste (MSW), into alternative fuel, in the process of bio-drying. The analysis was conducted with the use of an innovative EWA (Ecological Waste Apparatus) bioreactor adapted to carrying out aerobic treatment of waste in such processes as: composting, aerobic digestion/stabilization and bio-drying of waste. EWA bioreactors have been designed and manufactured by AGRO-EKO spol. s r.o. from the Czech Republic. The subject matter of the analysis was undersize fraction, with particle dimensions ranging from 0 to 50 mm, manufactured in the process of sorting (mechanical processing) of MSW. The main aim of the research was to assess suitability of the use of EWA bioreactor in the process of alternative fuel production from undersize fraction developed from municipal waste (in the process of accelerated bio-drying). Samples were collected between 2011 and 2012. The undersize fraction and the produced alternative fuel were analysed by AGRO-EKO spol. s r.o. and at the University of Agriculture in Krakow, in accordance with the standards for wastes and solid fuels. It has been concluded that undersize fraction produced from mixed municipal waste might be the energy source for cement plants or commercial power plants. As a result of a 66-hour accelerated process of bio-drying of undersize fraction (the standard time being ca. 7 days), the waste-mass has been lowered by reducing water content (moisture) in undersize fraction by ca. 15 % while increasing its calorific value and the C:N ratio. The process resulted in the increase of non-combustible and non-biodegradable elements. The high C:N ratio and the amount of organic substances at the level of 78 % should enable further aerobic and anaerobic stabilization preceded by substance moisturizing.
Źródło:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2014, IV/1
1732-5587
Pojawia się w:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Characteristics of illegal dumping sites - case study: watercourses
Autorzy:
Malinowski, M.
Wolny-Koladka, K.
Jastrzebski, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/61866.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Tematy:
waste management
illegal dumping site
dumping site
watercourse
waste deposition
hazard
natural environment
Źródło:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2015, IV/4
1732-5587
Pojawia się w:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza kosztów transportu odpadów komunalnych gromadzonych selektywnie
Analysis of transport costs for segregated municipal solid waste
Autorzy:
Malinowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/101309.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Tematy:
odpady komunalne
transport odpadów
koszty transportu
municipal solid waste
waste transport
transport costs
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono analizę struktury kosztów transportu odpadów komunalnych gromadzonych selektywnie, odbieranych z terenu miasta Krakowa oraz 13 gmin podmiejskich. Do analiz wybrano 4 pojazdy odbierające tzw. segregację z gospodarstw domowych (gromadzoną w różnokolorowych workach). Pojazdy te posiadają zbliżoną charakterystykę pracy. Wszystkie należą do prywatnego przedsiębiorstwa zajmują- cego się zbieraniem i transportem odpadów komunalnych, budowlanych i opakowaniowych. W wyniku przeprowadzonej analizy stwierdzono, iż w strukturze kosztów transportu odpadów segregowanych dla wszystkich analizowanych pojazdów, dominują koszty zużycia paliwa, koszty wynagrodzenia oraz zakupu worków, stanowiące odpowiednio 29,5%, 26,7% i 18,0%. Pozostałe koszty oraz zysk przedsiębiorstwa stanowią 25,8% całkowitych kosztów zbierania i transportu odpadów segregowanych. Koszt transportu 1 Mg odpadów gromadzonych selektywnie wynosi średnio 243,3 zł. Mg-1. Koszt ten jest wyższy o około 60 zł. Mg-1 w stosunku do kosztów transportu zmieszanych odpadów komunalnych. Średnie zu- życie paliwa (ON) w przeliczeniu na 1 Mg segregowanych odpadów komunalnych wynosi około 13,2 dm3·Mg-1 i jest ono wyższe niż zużycie paliwa przez śmieciarki (transport zmieszanych odpadów komunalnych) o 1,1 dm3·Mg-1. W wyniku badań stwierdzono, iż istnieje statystycznie istotna zależność pomiędzy zużyciem paliwa (dm3·Mg-1), a udziałem kursów realizowanych na terenach wiejskich (R = - 0,83).
This paper reports the analysis of transport costs for segregated municipal solid waste (MSW) collected from the Krakow city and the 13 municipalities bordering the main town of Małopolska Region. There were 4 selected vehicles (garbage trucks) analyzed (collected segregated waste from households) These vehicles have a similar work characteristics. These vehicles belong to private enterprise dealing with the waste transport. The largest share in the structure of the waste transport and collection have fuel costs (29.5%), salaries (26.7%) and cost of bags purchase (18.0%). Other costs and enterprises profit represent 25.8% of the total transport costs. The average unit cost of segregated waste transport and collection is 243.3 zł. Mg-1 and is higher by 60 zł. Mg-1 in relation to the cost of mixed waste transport. Average fuel consumption (Diesel) per 1 Mg of segregated waste is about 13.2dm3·Mg-1 and it is higher than for mixed waste by an average of 1.1 dm3·Mg-1. Furthermore there is a statistically significant dependence between the unit costs of waste transport (dm3·Mg-1) and participation of courses realized at the rural areas (R = - 0.83).
Źródło:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2016, III/2; 1039-1050
1732-5587
Pojawia się w:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza zanieczyszczeń w selektywnie gromadzonych odpadach tworzyw sztucznych - studium przypadku
Analysis of inpurities in selectively collected plastic waste - case study
Autorzy:
Malinowski, M.
Grzelec, K.
Gutwin, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/101079.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Tematy:
odpady komunalne
selektywne zbieranie odpadów
tworzywa sztuczne
municipal solid waste
selectively collected waste
plastics
Opis:
Podstawowym elementem dobrze zorganizowanego systemu gospodarowania odpadami komunalnymi jest selektywne gromadzenie odpadów. Prawidłowe segregowanie odpadów „u źródła”, (w gospodarstwie domowym), ułatwia dalsze postępowanie z odpadami, a w szczególności przekazywanie ich do procesów ponownego użycia oraz recyklingu. W 2020r. minimum 50% masy odpadów komunalnych, takich jak papier, metal, plastik i szkło, powinno zostać przygotowane do ponownego wykorzystania lub poddane recyklingowi. Odpady te pozyskiwane są z gospodarstw domowych, urzędów, biur i placówek usługowych, właśnie w wyniku zbierania ich w sposób selektywny. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wyników rocznej analizy struktury odpadów zbieranych selektywnie do żółtego worka na tworzywa sztuczne, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem udziału zanieczyszczeń, a więc tych odpadów, które w tym worku nie powinny być gromadzone. Badania wykonano w firmie MIKI Recykling Sp. z o.o. w okresie od listopada 2016 do października 2017r. Analizowane odpady zostały zebrane z obszarów wiejskich (trzy gminy wiejskie). W wyniku przeprowadzonych analiz, stwierdzono, że udział zanieczyszczeń w strumieniu selektywnie zbieranych tworzyw sztucznych wynosi średnio 26,8%. Najczęściej występującymi zanieczyszczeniami były: tektura, „inne tworzywa sztuczne”, szkło i metal. Około 30% z tych zanieczyszczeń może być poddane procesom recyklingu lub odzysku, natomiast pozostały strumień należy przekazać do unieszkodliwienia. Tworzywa sztuczne nadające się do recyklingu stanowiły 73,2±9,4%. Wynik ten był nieznacznie wyższy od uzyskanego przez firmę udziału tworzyw sztucznych przekazanych do recyklingu (w tym samym okresie) oraz wyższy od średniej krajowej podawanej przez Główny Urząd Statystyczny.
The basic element of a well-organized municipal waste management system is selective waste collection. Separation of waste „at source” (eg in a household) facilitates further handling of waste, in particular transferring it to recycling and recovery. By 2020, a minimum of 50% of the municipal waste, such as paper, metal, plastic and glass, should be recycled or re-used. These wastes are collected selectively in households, offices, offices and service outlets. The aim of the article is to present the results of the analysis conducted during one year of the structure of selectively collected waste in the yellow bag dedicated for plastic waste, with particular emphasis on the share of impurities, that is all those types of waste that should not be thrown into this yellow bag. The research was carried out at MIKI Recykling Ent. from November 2016 to October 2017. Waste came from 3 rural communes. Analysis of the results of the conducted tests showed that the share of impurities in the stream of selectively collected plastics is on average 26.8%, while the most common impurities are: cardboard, “other plastics materials” and glass. About 30% of these impurities can be directed to recycling or recovery processes, while the remaining stream should be disposed. Plastics suitable for recycling accounted for 73.2±9.4%. This result was slightly higher than the share of plastics transferred for recycling obtained by the company and higher than the national average reported by the Central Statistical Office.
Źródło:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2018, II/1; 465-478
1732-5587
Pojawia się w:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wykorzystanie metody Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix w ocenie oddziaływania na środowisko punktów selektywnego zbierania odpadów komunalnych
Use of Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix method in the environmental impact assessment of municipal solid waste collection points
Autorzy:
Malinowski, M.
Jabłczyńska, K.
Krakowiak-Bal, A.
Łukasiewicz, M.
Religa, A.
Stejskal, B.
Ziółkowski, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/101077.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Tematy:
odpady komunalne
selektywnie zbieranie odpadów
RIAM
PSZOK
municipal solid waste
selectively collected waste
MSWCP
Opis:
Obowiązkiem każdej gminy w Polsce jest utworzenie stacjonarnego punktu lub punktów selektywnego zbierania odpadów komunalnych (PSZOK). Obiekty te stanowią nowy element zarządzania strumieniem stałych odpadów komunalnych, znany w krajach europejskich pod nazwą - „household waste recycling center”. Brak tego typu infrastruktury gospodarki odpadami komunalnymi na terenie wielu polskich gmin lub istnienie PSZOK-ów w wersji mobilnej, przyczynia się do powstawania dzikich wysypisk, a ponadto nie umożliwia zwiększania poziomów recyklingu i ponownego użycia niektórych grup odpadów. W pracy dokonano porównawczej oceny oddziaływania na środowisko pięciu istniejących PSZOK-ów na terenie jednego z powiatów województwa świętokrzyskiego. Ocenie poddano lokalizację, funkcjonowanie i wyposażenie tych obiektów. W analizie oddziaływania na środowisko została wykorzystana metoda RIAM (Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix). Spośród przeanalizowanych PSZOK-ów dwa otrzymały ocenę pozytywną, natomiast 3 obiekty powinny zostać zlikwidowane lub całkowicie zmodernizowane.
The duty of each municipality in Poland is to set up a stationary Municipal Solid Waste Collection Points (MSWCP). These facilities are a new element of municipal solid waste management system, known in European countries as: „household waste recycling center”. The lack of this type of municipal solid waste management infrastructure in many Polish communes or the existence of MSWCPs in the mobile version contributes to the emergence of wild dumps, and also don’t allow the increase of the levels of recycling and reuse of some groups of waste. The environmental impact assessment of five existing MSWCPs in one of the poviats of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship was compared in article. The location, functioning and equipment of these facilities were assessed. The RIAM (Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix) method was used for the environmental impact analysis. From among the analyzed MSWCPs, two received a positive assessment, while 3 objects should be close down or completely modernized.
Źródło:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2018, III/1; 815-827
1732-5587
Pojawia się w:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ zawartości odpadów ulegających biodegradacji na właściwości paliwa alternatywnego z odpadów
Impact of biodegradable waste contents on technological properties of an alternative fuel
Autorzy:
Malinowski, M.
Sikora, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/126632.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Chemii i Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
odpady komunalne
paliwo alternatywne
odpady ulegające biodegradacji
municipal solid waste
alternative fuel
RDF
biodegradable waste
Opis:
Powstawanie odpadów jest nieodłącznym elementem bytowania i działalności gospodarczej człowieka. Jednym z ekologicznych sposobów zagospodarowania odpadów jest wykorzystanie ich jako paliwa zastępczego w procesach wysokotemperaturowego spalania w piecach cementowych. Spalanie paliw z odpadów w cementowniach przynosi korzyści dla środowiska naturalnego w zakresie: zmniejszenia masy odpadów deponowanych na składowiskach, zmniejszenia zużycia zasobów naturalnych (poprzez zastąpienie paliw kopalnych paliwem zastępczym), ochrony gleb i powietrza oraz redukcji emisji CO2. Paliwo z odpadów (SRF) dostarczane do cementowni powinno cechować się określonymi parametrami, dlatego też do jego produkcji stosuje się najczęściej lekkie frakcje odpadów, charakteryzujące się niską wilgotnością i wysoką wartością opałową. Głównym celem badań była analiza procentowego udziału odpadów ulegających biodegradacji zawartych w paliwie alternatywnym produkowanym ze zmieszanych odpadów komunalnych (generowanych w gminach wiejskich i Krakowie) oraz określenie wpływu tych odpadów na właściwości fizykochemiczne gotowego paliwa. Zakres badań obejmował również analizę składu morfologicznego i frakcyjnego zmieszanych odpadów komunalnych oraz analizę ich wpływu na jakość paliwa alternatywnego. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, iż odpady ulegające biodegradacji stanowią znaczący udział w składzie morfologicznym paliwa alternatywnego (ponad 15%), a ich wilgotność oraz właściwości higroskopijne mogą powodować obniżenie wartości opałowej paliwa z 22 do 15 MJ·kg–1 oraz wzrost wilgotności paliwa do poziomu, który dyskwalifikuje go jako nośnik energii (ponad 30%).
Generation of waste is an inherent element of human existence and economic activity. One of the eco-friendly methods of waste management is to use it as an alternative fuel in processes of high-temperature combustion in cement kilns. Incineration of waste fuels in cement plants (waste to energy) brings environmental benefits as regards reducing the waste mass deposited in landfills, reducing the consumption of natural resources (by replacing fossil fuels with substitute fuels), protecting soil and air, and lowering CO2 emissions. Alternative fuel (SRF) shipped to cement industry should be characterized by certain parameters; therefore, light waste fractions are most commonly used for its manufacture and these are distinguished by low moisture content and high calorific value. The main aim of the study was to analyze the percentage content of biodegradable waste contained in the alternative fuel produced from mixed municipal solid waste (from rural and urban communes) and to assess the impact of this waste on the physiochemical properties of the final fuel. The scope of research also included the analysis of morphological and fractional composition of mixed municipal solid waste and their influence on the quality of the alternative fuel. The study shows that biodegradable waste constitutes significant share in the alternative fuel morphological composition (over 15%). Its moisture and hygroscopic properties can cause a decrease in calorific value of the fuel of 22 to 15 MJ·kg–1 and an increase in fuel moisture up to a level which disqualifies it as an energy carrier (over 30%).
Źródło:
Proceedings of ECOpole; 2014, 8, 1; 223-230
1898-617X
2084-4557
Pojawia się w:
Proceedings of ECOpole
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Thermographic evaluation of CaO additive on the process of waste hygienization
Autorzy:
Famielec, S.
Gliniak, M.
Kapjor, A.
Łukasiewicz, M.
Malinowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/101498.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Tematy:
CaO
Municipal Solid Waste
hygienization
thermography
Opis:
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is the mixture of many waste types, including organic waste (garden and park waste, food and kitchen waste, paper and cardboard etc.). Such waste creates a living environment for various microorganism species, many of which are known as pathogenic. The presence of microorganisms in favorable conditions (pH, organic matter content, carbon content, moisture, appropriate granulation) leads to decomposing of organic matter, which is accompanied by an increase in temperature. Microorganisms in waste pose a serious risk for staff operating at waste treatment plants. Moreover, heat released by their activity may cause a fire in waste storage facilities. Therefore, it is necessary to search for methods of waste stabilization and hygienization. The most commonly applied technology for waste stabilization is its processing in Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT) plants. Such treatment is capital – and timeconsuming, however. Waste liming can become an alternative method for stabilization and hygienization of waste. Lime addition is one of the oldest method known by humans for hygienization of certain waste materials, such as animal waste. Currently, liming is applied in sewage sludge treatment as one of the initial operations and is necessary for further sludge management processes. The aim of the research was to valuate temperature changes during mixed MSW hygienization process with CaO addition in the amount of several percent by using a thermographic camera. The reaction of CaO with waste is short and lasts no longer than 20 minutes. The maximal temperatures were reached after 65-124 seconds from the time of CaO addition. The most dynamic increase in temperature were observed up to approx. 120th second of the process, with the rate dependent on the initial moisture of the material. The observed pH values indicate that the maximal dose of CaO additive should not exceed 3%. Such a dose is sufficient for waste to reach pH 12, which, according to literature, guarantees the deactivation of microorganisms.
Źródło:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2016, IV/4; 1857-1865
1732-5587
Pojawia się w:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of morphological composition of wastes deposited on illegal dumping sites located in the area of Olsztyn district
Autorzy:
Ciura, D.
Łukasiewicz, M.
Malinowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/101035.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Tematy:
municipal solid waste
illegal dumping sites
Opis:
Generated wastes require space and financial outlays on their proper storage and processing, whereas the lack of means usually leads to depositing wastes in places not meant for this purpose. Illegal dumping sites still emerge, despite introducing in Poland the obligatory (common) fee for collection and management of wastes and the obligatory establishing the Selective Waste Collection Points in each district. The aim of the work was conducting a detailed inventory of illegal dumping sites in the area of Olsztyn district (situated in the Silesia province, on the Krakow-Częstochowa Upland) and indicting the morphological composition of the wastes deposited in these places. The paper presents a detailed analysis of the morphological composition of illegal landfill sites situated in the analyzed district. The investigations located 28 illegal dumping sites, despite the fact that a Selective Municipal Waste Collection Point operates in the district area. The analysis of location, area, mass and composition of the wastes was conducted for each illegal landfill, according to the methodology developed for this purpose. Over a half of the illegal dumping sites was situated in the forest and on 4 of them the estimated mass of dumped waste exceeded 1Mg. Debris constitutes the highest proportion (21.8%) of the waste morphological composition. Recyclable wastes, i.e. glass, plastics, paper and cardboard, used electronic and electric equipment dominated in the morphological composition of wastes on small landfills, situated close to buildings (less than 250m) and had the smallest area (below 1m2 ). The share of debris and construction wastes was growing with increasing landfill area.
Źródło:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2017, IV/1; 1301-1315
1732-5587
Pojawia się w:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of the undersize fraction temperature changes during the biostabilization process
Autorzy:
Malinowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/101271.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Tematy:
municipal solid waste
undersize fraction
biostabilization
Opis:
Mixed municipal solid waste collected from the area of each Polish district (commune) is transferred to Regional Installations for Municipal Solid Waste Treatment. They comprise one or more of the following facilities: installations for mechanical-biological waste treatment (MBT), installations for thermal treatment of municipal solid waste, green waste composting plants and landfill sites. MBT installations have been currently the dominant technology of mixed municipal solid waste treatment in Poland. In these installations mixed waste is subjected to mechanical processes (including: crushing, separation, screening and classification) resulting in the production of the undersize fraction with usual grain size below 80mm and the oversize fraction with grain size over 80mm. Because of the necessity of stabilization and hygenization of the undersize fraction prior to landfilling, it is subjected to the process of biological treatment, e.g. biostabilization. The main aim of the research was to analyze the temperature changes during the biostabilization of the undersized fraction in thermally insulated BKB100 laboratory bioreactor. The research covered a 14-day period of the intensive phase. The analyses were performed in 6 replications. 40.1±2.2kg of waste with density of 519.2±27.5kgˑm-3 and the biodegradable fraction content of 41.9±1.9% was placed in the reactor. The temperature of waste inside the reactor was measured by 9 Pt 1000 temperature sensors. The air for the process was constantly supplied from the outside of the reactor. Flow of the supplied air with temperature of 18.3±3.1°C was regulated depending on the average indication of all temperature sensors. Results of the temperature measurements were averaged and showed using Golden Software Surfer 7. As a result of the conducted research it was found that changes in the temperature inside the bioreactor occurred uniformly throughout its full volume. The time of reaching the temperature of 45°C (the beginning of thermophilic phase) was 25.6±4.0 hours (21 hours at the earliest). During the first period the temperature in the reactor was increasing most intensively in the lower parts of the layer, in the central part of the layer the temperature reached 45°C after 34 hours at the earliest, whereas on average it took 47.7±9.9 hours. The average maximum process temperature was 64.8±3.5°C.
Źródło:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2017, IV/3; 1773-1784
1732-5587
Pojawia się w:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Selected properties of alternative fuel manufactured from municipal solid waste
Autorzy:
Malinowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/62040.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Tematy:
alternative fuel
fuel
municipal solid waste
fuel property
Opis:
Successive closing down of filled-up large municipal landfill sites or those which no longer fulfil the legal regulations, compel local governments and enterprises dealing with waste disposal, to undertake activities aimed at designing and construction of new waste management plants. One of these is a municipal solid waste sorting plant where the waste stream is divided into sub-screen and screen fraction. The screen fraction after removing ferrous and non-ferrous metals, glass and other impurities and crushing to an appropriate particle size constitutes an alternative fuel. The most frequently alternative fuel is manufactured from selectively collected plastics, rubber, textiles and waste paper. Alternative fuel is also manufactured from municipal solid waste in mechanical waste treatment plants. Municipal solid waste is characterized by a non-uniform morphological composition (depending on many factors), which may result in variable parameters of the manufactured fuel. If the waste fuel manufactured in this way and supplied to cement plants does not reach certain quality standards, its price is low, or the product is not accepted for energy recovery. The work presents results of analyses of selected properties of alternative fuels generated from solid municipal waste stream with regard to the type of communes from which the waste originated (urban commune area or rural communes). Statistical analysis was conducted using Bayesian Networks. As it results from the investigations, alternative fuel manufactured from municipal solid waste is characterized by high values of variation coefficient for such parameters as: ash content, moisture and calorific value. The content of carbon, sulphur and incineration heat revealed low values of variance coefficient. The analyses have demonstrated that technological values of alternative fuel do not depend on the administrative type of the communes where the waste used for their production was collected.
Źródło:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2013, 2/IV
1732-5587
Pojawia się w:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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