Temat: environmental pollution - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Technical requirements and methods of testing retrofit LPG systems for motor vehicles, in accordance with the UN / ECE 115 Regulation
Autorzy:: Majerczyk, A.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245493.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2011
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: air pollution
environmental protection
LPG
Opis:: The UN / ECE 115 Regulation concerns technical requirements and methods of measurements for retrofit LPG systems to be installed in the motor vehicles already in operation In Poland, the 115 Regulation was adopted in 2004 but has not been observed. Regulation 115 is used in other countries, which created the need for tests. ITS has been conducted tests according to R115 since 2006. The technical requirements imposed by 115 Regulation include emission test, OBD testing, testing of maximum power at the wheels and testing the methods of the system elements installation in the vehicle. The article presents the requirements of the Regulation and the conclusions of the tests conducted at ITS on over 100 vehicles equipped with LPG systems. The paper presents: vehicle equipped with LPG systems tested at ITS as part of the statutory ITS work, time of switching over from running on petrol to LPG fuel during the driving test following a cold engine start, onset of the emission during the EUDC test following a cold start in respect to the value of the total emission in the emission test in accordance with the Regulation 83.05 during the first 780 seconds of the driving test, registered signals controlling the operation of the petrol and LPG injectors operation in the engine of a spark ignition and direct petrol injection, operating in the gas mode with a periodical switch over of the supply type, an example of determining power criterion for the family of vehicles.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 3; 227-235
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Analysis of measurement errors of cvs method used for tests of pollutant emissions from light-duty vehicles
Autorzy:: Majerczyk, A.
Radzimirski, S.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242731.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2013
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: transport
road transport
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection
Opis:: The test procedure for the pollutant emissions from light-duty vehicles is currently under verification carried out at the international level. For this purpose, GRPE (Groupe des rapporteurs sur la pollution et energie) – the body developing UNECE regulations proposals - has set up a task group WLTP (Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedure) which is supposed to prepare a new GTR (Global Technical Regulation) relating to this procedure. The development of light-duty vehicles, leading to the reduction of pollutants emissions, caused the increase of the requirements for their test procedure. A large number of factors associated, inter alia, with the test equipment affects its accuracy, repeatability and reproducibility. In the ongoing analysis attention is paid even to factors, which affect test results in a relatively small way, and which have been overlooked yet. One of the problems to which attention is paid is the impact of pollutant concentration in the dilution air in the CVS (constant volume sampler) system on test results. The CVS principle is accepted as the standard method to determine light-duty vehicle exhaust emissions on chassis dynamometer test cells worldwide. It was introduced in the early 1970s. One of its drawbacks is that it introduces an error resulting from the fact that the contractual DF dilution factor, rather than the actual dilution ratio DR, is used for the correction of concentration measurement results. The article discusses this error for different type of engines used in light-duty vehicles and different pollutants subject to measurements.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 4; 253-259
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Approval tests and evaluation of emission properties of vehicle
Autorzy:: Majerczyk, A.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246994.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2013
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: transport
road transport
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection
Opis:: Operation of vehicles equipped with combustion engines is a source of pollution. That is why the emissions from this source are restricted. The emissions reduction system consists of several steps, whose basic component is a typeapproval of vehicle in terms of emissions level and admission to the registration of vehicles that meets the requirements for emissions. It is assumed, that the gradual reduction of emissions limits will improve the emission properties of the vehicles, and gradual withdrawal of used vehicles, will reduce of emissions growth. The basis for issuing opinions on a vehicle's exhaust emissions is the measurement of emissions performed in the laboratory on a chassis dynamometer in reproducible conditions of preparing the vehicle for testing, test replication, fuel for the engine, and the procedure for collecting the exhaust gas analysis. Motor Transport Institute conducts the type approval tests, as well as the research on emissions from vehicles in the real traffic conditions, which are used to determine the actual emission from the vehicle population. Emission tests for applications, that go beyond the application of type approval show, that there are vehicles whose emissions in operation is substantially different from the emissions measured during type approval. It is a natural phenomenon in the case of used vehicles and vehicles with engine malfunctions or exhaust aftertreatment system defect. However, there are vehicles whose emissions under specific operating traffic conditions are significantly different from the values obtained in the course of type approval tests, despite the good properties of emission measured under the conditions provided by the type-approval procedure. The article discusses the results of the emissions from vehicles, obtained in the tests used to determine the emission factors for vehicles used in real traffic conditions, thus taking into account emissions from vehicles, made under different conditions than the type approval tests, which show that, in terms of driving cycles, which are not covered by the emission test procedure, can multiply and exceed the approved values.. This is particularly true for modern diesel engines.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 4; 245-251
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Effect of LPG gas fuel injectors on the properties of low emission vehicles
Autorzy:: Majerczyk, A.
Radzimirski, S.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241843.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2012
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: road transport
liquid fuels
LPG
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection
Opis:: Modern spark-ignition engines used for the propulsion of low emission vehicles are fuelled by injection systems in which the fuel is individually metered to each cylinder by a single injector (multipoint injection). For the proper engine operation, it is necessary that the injectors are similar to each other and stable in respect of the fuel dosage during the whole engine operation. This requirement is satisfactorily met by petrol injectors used by OEM. In contrast to petrol injectors, gas injector used in LPG-fuelled vehicles, in particular for the retrofit, are still in the development phase and therefore their quality and production consistency are often regarded as unsatisfactory from the standpoint of view of the proper engine operation. The injector-to-injector variation in the fuel dosage results in air-fuel mixture maldistribution in the cylinders, which, in turn, affects vehicle emission characteristics. The paper presents results of an investigation of inconsistency of gas injectors used in LPG vehicles in respect of their dosage. The method of measurement of the dosage uniformity is described. On the basis of the measurement, three sets of injectors differing in respect of injector-to-injector variation were selected for further vehicle tests. Tests were conducted on a passenger Euro 4 car. The emissions of limited pollutants were measured over the NEDC type-approval cycle and cycle's representative for the real world driving under Polish driving conditions. The paper presents results of the conducted tests and discusses the effect of injector-to-injector variation on the pollutant emissions.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 4; 401-410
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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