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    Tytuł:
    Quantum yield of photosynthesis in the Baltic: a new mathematical expression for remote sensing applications
    Autorzy:
    Wozniak, B.
    Ficek, D.
    Ostrowska, M.
    Majchrowski, R.
    Dera, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/49078.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    remote sensing
    application
    phytoplankton photosynthesis
    photosynthesis quantum yield
    Baltic Sea
    Opis:
    Statistical relationships between the quantum yield of photosynthesis Φ and selected environmental factors in the Baltic have been established on the basis of a large quantity of empirical data. The model formula is the product of the theoretical maximum quantum yield ΦMAX =0.125 atomC quantum−1 and five dimensionless factors fi taking values from 0 do 1: Φ = ΦMAXfa fΔ fc(Ca(0)) fc(PARinh) fE, t. To a sufficiently good approximation, each of these factors fi appears to be dependent on one or at most two environmental factors, such as temperature, underwater irradiance, surface concentration of chlorophyll a, absorption properties of phytoplankton and optical depth. These dependences have been determined for Baltic Case 2 waters. The quantum yield Φ, calculated from known values of these environmental factors, is then applicable in the model algorithm for the remote sensing of Baltic primary production. The statistical error of the approximate quantum yields Φ is 62%.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2007, 49, 4
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Spectra of light absorption by phytoplankton pigments in the Baltic; conclusions to be drawn from a Gaussian analysis of empirical data
    Autorzy:
    Ficek, D.
    Kaczmarek, S.
    Ston-Egiert, J.
    Wozniak, B.
    Majchrowski, R.
    Dera, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47835.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2004
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    phytoplankton pigment
    remote sensing algorithm
    Baltic Sea
    Gaussian analysis
    light absorption
    Opis:
    Analysed by differential spectroscopy, 1208 empirical spectra of light absorption apl(λ) by Baltic phytoplankton were spectrally decomposed into 26 elementary Gaussian component bands. At the same time the composition and concentrations of each of the 5 main groups of pigments (chlorophylls a, chlorophylls b, chlorophylls c, photosynthetic carotenoids and photoprotecting carotenoids) were analysed in 782 samples by HPLC. Inspection of the correlations between the intensities of the 26 elementary absorption bands and the concentrations of the pigment groups resulted in given elementary bands being attributed to particular pigment groups and the spectra of the mass-specific absorption coefficients established for these pigment groups. Moreover, balancing the absorption effects due to these 5 pigment groups against the overall absorption spectra of phytoplankton suggested the presence of a sixth group of pigments, as yet unidentified (UP), undetected by HPLC. Apr eliminary mathematical description of the spectral absorption properties of these UP was established. Like some forms of phycobilins, these pigments are strong absorbers in the 450–650 nm spectral region. The packaging effect of pigments in Baltic phytoplankton was analysed statistically, then correlated with the concentration of chlorophyll a in Baltic water. As a result, a Baltic version of the algorithm of light absorption by phytoplankton could be developed. This algorithm can be applied to estimate overall phytoplankton absorption spectra and their components due to the various groups of pigments from a knowledge of their concentrations in Baltic water.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2004, 46, 4
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Remote sensing of vertical phytoplankton pigment distributions in the Baltic: new mathematical expressions. Part 1: Total chlorophyll a distribution
    Autorzy:
    Ostrowska, M.
    Majchrowski, R.
    Ston-Egiert, J.
    Wozniak, B.
    Ficek, D.
    Dera, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47972.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    remote sensing
    phytoplankton pigment
    chlorophyll a
    vertical distribution
    concentration
    Baltic Sea
    distribution
    Opis:
    This article is the first in a series of three describing the modelling of the vertical different photosynthetic and photoprotecting phytoplankton pigments concentration distributions in the Baltic and their interrelations described by the so-called non-photosynthetic pigment factor. The model formulas yielded by this research are an integral part of the algorithms used in the remote sensing of the Baltic ecosystem. Algorithms of this kind have already been developed by our team from data relating mainly to oceanic Case 1 waters (WC1) and have produced good results for these waters. But their application to Baltic waters, i.e., Case 2 waters, was not so successful. On the basis of empirical data for the Baltic Sea, we therefore derived new mathematical expressions for the spatial distribution of Baltic phytoplankton pigments. They are discussed in this series of articles. This first article presents a statistical model for determining the total concentration of chlorophyll a (i.e., the sum of chlorophylls a+pheo derived spectrophotometrically) at different depths in the Baltic Sea Ca(z) on the basis of its surface concentration Ca(0), which can be determined by remote sensing. This model accounts for the principal features of the vertical distributions of chlorophyll concentrations characteristic of the Baltic Sea. The model’s precision was verified empirically: it was found suitable for application in the efficient monitoring of the Baltic Sea. The modified mathematical descriptions of the concentrations of accessory pigments (photosynthetic and photoprotecting) in Baltic phytoplankton and selected relationships between them are given in the other two articles in this series (Majchrowski et al. 2007, Woźniak et al. 2007b, both in this volume).
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2007, 49, 4
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Algorithm for the remote sensing of the Baltic ecosystem (DESAMBEM). Part 1: Mathematical apparatus
    Autorzy:
    Wozniak, B.
    Krezel, A.
    Darecki, M.
    Wozniak, S.B.
    Majchrowski, R.
    Ostrowska, M.
    Kozlowski, L.
    Ficek, D.
    Olszewski, J.
    Dera, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47484.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    light-photosynthesis model
    algorithm
    chlorophyll
    mathematical apparatus
    temperature
    primary production
    Baltic ecosystem
    remote sensing
    Opis:
    This article is the first of two papers on the remote sensing methods of monitoring the Baltic ecosystem, developed by our team. Earlier, we had produced a series of detailed mathematical models and statistical regularities describing the transport of solar radiation in the atmosphere-sea system, the absorption of this radiation in the water and its utilisation in a variety of processes, most importantly in the photosynthesis occurring in phytoplankton cells, as a source of energy for the functioning of marine ecosystems. The comprehensive DESAMBEM algorithm, presented in this paper, is a synthesis of these models and regularities. This algorithm enables the abiotic properties of the environment as well as the state and the functioning of the Baltic ecosystem to be assessed on the basis of available satellite data. It can be used to determine a good number of these properties: the sea surface temperature, the natural irradiance of the sea surface, the spectral and spatial distributions of solar radiation energy in the water, the surface concentrations and vertical distributions of chlorophyll a and other phytoplankton pigments in this sea, the radiation energy absorbed by phytoplankton, the quantum efficiency of photosynthesis and the primary production of organic matter. On the basis of these directly determined properties, other characteristics of processes taking place in the Baltic ecosystem can be estimated indirectly. Part 1 of this series of articles deals with the detailed mathematical apparatus of the DESAMBEM algorithm. Part 2 will discuss its practical applicability in the satellite monitoring of the sea and will provide an assessment of the accuracy of such remote sensing methods in the monitoring of the Baltic ecosystem (see Darecki et al. 2008 – this issue).
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2008, 50, 4; 451-508
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Remote sensing of vertical phytoplankton pigment distributions in the Baltic: new mathematical expressions. Part 3: Non-phytosynthetic pigment absorption factor
    Autorzy:
    Wozniak, B.
    Majchrowski, R.
    Ostrowska, M.
    Ficek, D.
    Kunicka, J.
    Dera, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48371.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    remote sensing
    pigment distribution
    phytoplankton pigment
    vertical distribution
    non-photosynthetic pigment absorption
    Baltic Sea
    Opis:
    This paper, part 3 of the description of vertical pigment distributions in the Baltic Sea, discusses the mathematical expression enabling the vertical distributions of the non-photosynthetic pigment absorption factor fa to be estimated. The factor fa is directly related to concentrations of the several groups of phytoplankton pigments and describes quantitatively the ratio of the light energy absorbed at given depths by photosynthetic pigments to the light energy absorbed by all the phytoplankton pigments together (photosynthetic and photoprotecting). Knowledge of this factor is highly desirable in the construction of state-of-the-art ‘light-photosynthesis’ models for remote-sensing purposes. The expression enables fa to be estimated with considerable precision on the basis of two surface parameters (available from satellite observations): the total chlorophyll a concentration at the surface Ca(0) and the spectral downward irradiance Ed(λ, 0) just below the sea surface. The expression is applicable to Baltic waters from the surface down to an optical depth of τ ≈5. The verification of the model description of fa was based on 400 quasi-empirical values of this factor which were calculated on the basis of empirical values of the following parameters measured at the same depths: Ed(λ, z) (or also PAR(z)), apl(λ, z), and the concentrations of all the groups of phytoplankton pigments Ca(z) and Cj(z) (where j denotes in turn chl b, chl c, PSC, phyc, PPC). The verification shows that the errors in the values of the non-photosynthetic pigment absorption factor fa estimated using the model developed in this work are small: in practice they do not exceed 4%. Besides the mathematical description of the vertical distribution of fa, this paper also discusses the range of variation of its values measured in the Baltic and its dependence on the trophic index of a basin and depth in the sea. In addition, the similarities and differences in the behaviour of fa in Baltic and oceanic basins are compared.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2007, 49, 4
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Remote sensing of vertical phytoplankton pigment distributions in the Baltic: new mathematical expressions. Part 2: Accessory pigment distribution
    Autorzy:
    Majchrowski, R.
    Ston-Egiert, J.
    Ostrowska, M.
    Wozniak, B.
    Ficek, D.
    Lednicka, B.
    Dera, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48281.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    remote sensing
    accessory pigment concentration
    pigment distribution
    chlorophyll a
    phytoplankton pigment
    vertical distribution
    Baltic Sea
    marine ecosystem
    distribution
    Opis:
    This is the second in a series of articles, the aim of which is to derive mathematical expressions describing the vertical distributions of the concentrations of different groups of phytoplankton pigments; these expressions are necessary in the algorithms for the remote sensing of the marine ecosystem. It presents formulas for the vertical profiles of the following groups of accessory phytoplankton pigments: chlorophylls b, chlorophylls c, phycobilins, photosynthetic carotenoids and photoprotecting carotenoids, all for the uppermost layer of water in the Baltic Sea with an optical depth of τ ≈ 5. The mathematical expressions for the first four of these five groups of pigments, classified as photosynthetic pigments, enable their concentrations to be estimated at different optical depths in the sea from known surface concentrations of chlorophyll a. The precision of these estimates is characterised by the following relative statistical errors according to logarithmic statistics σ−: approximately 44% for chlorophyll b, approx. 39% for chlorophyll c, approx. 43% for phycobilins and approx. 45% for photosynthetic carotenoids. On the other hand, the mathematical expressions describing the vertical distributions of photoprotecting carotenoid concentrations enable these to be estimated at different depths in the sea also from known surface concentrations of chlorophyll a, but additionally from known values of the irradiance in the PAR spectral range at the sea surface, with a statistical error σ− of approximately 42%
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2007, 49, 4
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Algorithms for the remote sensing of the Baltic ecosystem (DESAMBEM). Part 2: Empirical validation
    Autorzy:
    Darecki, M.
    Ficek, D.
    Krezel, A.
    Ostrowska, M.
    Majchrowski, R.
    Wozniak, S.B.
    Bradtke, K.
    Dera, J.
    Wozniak, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47590.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    light-photosynthesis model
    algorithm
    chlorophyll
    ocean colour
    temperature
    marine ecosystem
    monitoring
    empirical validation
    primary production
    Baltic ecosystem
    remote sensing
    Opis:
    This paper is the second of two articles on the methodology of the remote sensing of the Baltic ecosystem. In Part 1 the authors presented the set of DESAMBEM algorithms for determining the major parameters of this ecosystem on the basis of satellite data (see Woźniak et al. 2008 – this issue). That article discussed in detail the mathematical apparatus of the algorithms. Part 2 presents the effects of the practical application of the algorithms and their validation, the latter based on satellite maps of selected Baltic ecosystem parameters: the distributions of the sea surface temperature (SST), the Photosynthetically Available Radiation (PAR) at the sea surface, the surface concentrations of chlorophyll a and the total primary production of organic matter. Particular emphasis was laid on analysing the precision of estimates of these and other parameters of the Baltic ecosystem, determined by remote sensing methods. The errors in these estimates turned out to be relatively small; hence, the set of DESAMBEM algorithms should in the future be utilised as the foundation for the effective satellite monitoring of the state and functioning of the Baltic ecosystem.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2008, 50, 4; 509-538
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Modelling light and photosynthesis in the marine environment
    Autorzy:
    Wozniak, B.
    Dera, J.
    Ficek, D.
    Majchrowski, R.
    Ostrowska, M.
    Kaczmarek, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47660.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2003
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    primary production
    pigment
    underwater irradiance
    marine environment
    quantum yield
    remote sensing algorithm
    bio-optical modelling
    photoacclimation
    phytoplankton
    chromatic acclimation
    light absorption
    photosynthesis
    Opis:
    The overriding and far-reaching aim of our work has been to achieve a good understanding of the processes of light interaction with phytoplankton in the sea and to develop an innovative physical model of photosynthesis in the marine environment,suita ble for the remote sensing of marine primary production. Unlike previous models,the present one takes greater account of the complexity of the physiological processes in phytoplankton. We have focused in particular on photophysiological processes,whic h are governed directly or indirectly by light energy,or in which light, besides the nutrient content in and the temperature of seawater,is one of the principal limiting factors. To achieve this aim we have carried out comprehensive statistical analyses of the natural variability of the main photophysiological properties of phytoplankton and their links with the principal abiotic factors in the sea. These analyses have made use of extensive empirical data gathered in a wide diversity of seas and oceans by Polish and Russian teams as well as by joint Polish-Russian expeditions. Data sets available on the Internet have also been applied. As a result,a set of more or less complex,semi-empir ical models of light-stimulated processes occurring in marine phytoplankton cells has been developed. The trophic type of sea, photo-acclimation and the production of photoprotecting carotenoids,c hromatic acclimation and the production of various forms of chlorophyll-antennas and photosynthetic carotenoids,cell adaptation by the package effect, light absorption, photosynthesis, photoinhibition,the fluorescence effect,a nd the activation of PS2 centres are all considered in the models. These take into account not only the influence of light,but also, indirectly,tha t of the vertical mixing of water; in the case of photosynthesis,the quantum yield has been also formulated as being dependent on the nutrient concentrations and the temperature of seawater. The bio-optical spectral models of irradiance transmittance in case 1 oceanic waters and case 2 Baltic waters,dev eloped earlier,a lso are described in this paper. The development of the models presented here is not yet complete and they all need continual improvement. Nevertheless,w e have used them on a preliminary basis for calculating various photosynthetic characteristics at different depths in the sea,su ch as the concentration of chlorophyll and other pigments, and primary production. The practical algorithm we have constructed allows the vertical distribution of these characteristics to be determined from three input data: chlorophyll a concentration,irradiance, and temperature at the sea surface. Since all three data can be measured remotely,ou r algorithm can be applied as the ‘marine part’ of the remote sensing algorithms used for detecting marine photosynthesis.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2003, 45, 2
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    SatBałtyk – A Baltic environmental satellite remote sensing system – an ongoing project in Poland. Part 1: Assumptions, scope and operating range
    Autorzy:
    Wozniak, B.
    Bradtke, K.
    Darecki, M.
    Dera, J.
    Dudzinska-Nowak, J.
    Dzierzbicka-Glowacka, L.
    Ficek, D.
    Furmanczyk, K.
    Kowalewski, M.
    Krezel, A.
    Majchrowski, R.
    Ostrowska, M.
    Paszkuta, M.
    Ston-Egiert, J.
    Stramska, M.
    Zapadka, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48960.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    algal bloom
    Baltic ecosystem
    Baltic Sea
    Baltic water
    chlorophyll a
    functional property
    marine optics
    organic matter
    phytoplankton pigment
    Polska
    remote sensing
    SatBaltyk project
    satellite monitoring
    solar radiation
    structural property
    Opis:
    This article is the first of two papers on the remote sensing methods of monitoring the Baltic ecosystem, developed by a Polish team. The main aim of the five- year SatBałtyk (2010–2014) research project (Satellite Monitoring of the Baltic Sea Environment) is to prepare the technical infrastructure and set in motion operational procedures for the satellite monitoring of the Baltic environment. This system is to characterize on a routine basis the structural and functional properties of this sea on the basis of data supplied by the relevant satellites. The characterization and large-scale dissemination of the following properties of the Baltic is anticipated: the solar radiation influx to the sea’s waters in various spectral intervals, energy balances of the short- and long-wave radiation at the Baltic Sea surface and in the upper layers of the atmosphere over the Baltic, sea surface temperature distribution, dynamic states of the water surface, concentrations of chlorophyll a and other phytoplankton pigments in the Baltic water, distributions of algal blooms, the occurrence of upwelling events, and the characteristics of primary organic matter production and photosynthetically released oxygen in the water. It is also intended to develop and, where feasible, to implement satellite techniques for detecting slicks of petroleum derivatives and other compounds, evaluating the state of the sea’s ice cover, and forecasting the hazards from current and future storms and providing evidence of their effects in the Baltic coastal zone. The ultimate objective of the project is to implement an operational system for the routine determination and dissemination on the Internet of the above-mentioned features of the Baltic in the form of distribution maps as well as plots, tables and descriptions characterizing the state of the various elements of the Baltic environment. The main sources of input data for this system will be the results of systematic recording by environmental satellites and also special-purpose ones such as TIROS N/NOAA, MSG (currently Meteosat 9), EOS/AQUA and ENVISAT. The final effects of the SatBałtyk project are to be achieved by the end of 2014, i.e. during a period of 60 months. These two papers present the results obtained during the first 15 months of the project. Part 1 of this series of articles contains the assumptions, objectives and a description of the most important stages in the history of our research, which constitute the foundation of the current project. It also discusses the way in which SatBałtyk functions and the scheme of its overall operations system. The second article (Part 2), will discuss some aspects of its practical applicability in the satellite monitoring of the Baltic ecosystem (see Woźniak et al. (2011) in this issue).
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2011, 53, 4
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    SatBaltyk – A Baltic environmental satellite remote sensing system – an ongoing project in Poland. Part 2: Practical applicability and preliminary results
    Autorzy:
    Wozniak, B.
    Bradtke, K.
    Darecki, M.
    Dera, J.
    Dudzinska-Nowak, J.
    Dzierzbicka-Glowacka, L.
    Ficek, D.
    Furmanczyk, K.
    Kowalewski, M.
    Krezel, A.
    Majchrowski, R.
    Ostrowska, M.
    Paszkuta, M.
    Ston-Egiert, J.
    Stramska, M.
    Zapadka, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48019.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Baltic ecosystem
    Baltic Sea
    energy influx
    irradiance condition
    marine optics
    photosynthesis
    plant community
    Polska
    practical application
    preliminary result
    radiation balance
    remote sensing
    SatBaltyk project
    satellite monitoring
    sea surface
    solar energy
    Opis:
    This paper is the second part of the description of the first stage of the SatBałtyk project’s implementation. Part 1 (Woźniak et al. 2011, in this issue) presents the assumptions and objectives of SatBałtyk and describes the most important stages in the history of our research, which is the foundation of this project. It also discusses the operation and general structure of the SatBałtyk system. Part 2 addresses various aspects of the practical applicability of the SatBałtyk Operational System to Baltic ecosystem monitoring. Examples are given of the Baltic’s characteristics estimated using the preliminary versions of the algorithms in this Operational System. At the current stage of research, these algorithms apply mainly to the characteristics of the solar energy influx and the distribution of this energy among the various processes taking place in the atmosphere-sea system, and also to the radiation balance of the sea surface, the irradiance conditions for photosynthesis and the condition of plant communities in the water, sea surface temperature distributions and some other marine phenomena correlated with this temperature. Monitoring results obtained with these preliminary algorithms are exemplified in the form of distribution maps of selected abiotic parameters of the Baltic, as well as structural and functional characteristics of this ecosystem governed by these parameters in the Baltic’s many basins. The maps cover practically the whole area of the Baltic Sea. Also given are results of preliminary inspections of the accuracy of the magnitudes shown on the maps. In actual fact, the errors of these estimates are relatively small. The further practical application of this set of algorithms (to be gradually made more specific) is therefore entirely justified as the basis of the SatBałtyk system for the effective operational monitoring of the state and functioning of Baltic ecosystems. This article also outlines the plans for extending SatBałtyk to include the recording of the effects and hazards caused by current and expected storm events in the Polish coastal zone.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2011, 53, 4
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 10

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