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    Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3
    Tytuł:
    Suwerenność państw w procesie integracji europejskiej
    Autorzy:
    MALENDOWSKI, Włodzimierz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/615884.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    suwerenność państw
    integracja europejska
    Opis:
    The paper concerns an attempt to determine the status of European Union member states. It takes as its starting point the statement that the EU’s organizational structure provides for more than a confederation of states but less than a federation. At the present stage of the EU’s development a unique organization has been established that has not predecessor in the standards of international organizations. This is accompanied with a new approach to the interpretation of the nature of sovereignty of integrating European states, which is connected with intensifying processes of decomposition and the loosening of sovereign control by states over their territories and populations. States achieve their sovereign interests within the framework of international structures. They can also voluntarily restrict their sovereign rights on the basis of the commonly accepted rules and principles of international organizations. In this way they assign a comparative degree of state authorities’ competencies to these organizations. As a consequence, numerous issues that were formerly regulated by states are increasingly more often solved by means of corporate operations. This naturally leads to the states’ opening to the international environment without any threat to their sovereignty. The process of integration in Europe has not resulted in sovereignty of the European Union itself. Sovereignty remains an attribute of states. European states maintain their ability to
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Politologiczny; 2010, 4; 7-20
    1426-8876
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Politologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    PRETEXTS AS THE MOTIVES FOR TRIGGERING ARMED CONFLICTS AND STATES PARTICIPATION
    Autorzy:
    MALENDOWSKI, Włodzimierz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/642119.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    pretexts
    armed conflicts
    states participation
    Opis:
    The causes of armed conflicts are a subject of constant interest to the social sciences. This has resulted in many theories and findings regarding the selection of different criteria in determining conflict-triggering factors. In international practice, states decide to declare war citing reasons connected with the state or vital national interests. Sometimes, the true motivations for the use of force are hidden. The history of armed conflicts includes many cases of using contrived pretexts or outright lies to start a war. External circumstances which were beyond the control of the state starting the war and which did not depend on the state’s will and actions have beenused as pretexts. Some of the pretexts, however, were deliberately fabricated to justify and explain military operations. States taking advantage of pretexts to use force can be observed from the time of the Trojan War to the attack on Iraq in 2003. Among the countries using pretexts to start a war, the superpowers occupy the leading position – they claim higher purposes, despite the fact that there are no objective criteria upon which to establish their superiority over the conventions of morality and international law.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Strategiczny; 2018, 11; 61-79
    2084-6991
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Strategiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3

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