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    Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4
    Tytuł:
    Bezpieczeństwo ekologiczne komarobójczych biocydów Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis
    Ecological safety of mosquitocidal biocides based on Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis
    Autorzy:
    Rydzanicz, K.
    Lonc, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2143450.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Parazytologiczne
    Tematy:
    Bacillus thuringiensis
    bezpieczenstwo ekologiczne
    produkty biobojcze
    biopreparaty
    komary
    preparaty owadobojcze
    zwalczanie biologiczne
    Opis:
    Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) has been developed into many products for the biological control of dipteran larvae, including mosquitoes (Culicidae), black flies (Simuliidae), and midges (Chironomidae) in various parts of the World. Bti appears to pose significantly less of a risk than other chemical pesticides used for mosquito control and eradication programs. Bioproducts based on Bti are highly selective with short environmental persistence, and thus they have very little potential to cause damage to populations of non-target organisms. So far, no example of an unexpected pathogenic organism being developed in the field as well as no examples of resistance to Bti both laboratory and field populations of mosquitoes have been documented. There are some indications that large declines in insect biomass can occur after long-term use of Bti in freshwater wetlands. However, no evidence for permanent damage to ecosystem function has been found. Organisms that utilized insects for food, adapted to the declines and either switched to other food sources or migrate (birds) outside of the treated zones to acquire insects. Even though over 40 tons of Bti have been applied in West Africa alone, no indications of human health or non-target effects have been reported.
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Parazytologiczne; 2010, 56, 4; 305-314
    0043-5163
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Parazytologiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Bezpieczeństwo ekologiczne komarobójczych biocydów Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis
    Ecological safety of mosquitocidal biocides based on Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis
    Autorzy:
    Rydzanicz, K.
    Lonc, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/836637.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Parazytologiczne
    Tematy:
    Bacillus thuringiensis
    bezpieczenstwo ekologiczne
    produkty biobojcze
    biopreparaty
    komary
    preparaty owadobojcze
    zwalczanie biologiczne
    Źródło:
    Annals of Parasitology; 2010, 56, 4
    0043-5163
    Pojawia się w:
    Annals of Parasitology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Nieprzyjazne pasozytom a przyjazne srodowisku trangeniczne bioinsektycydy
    Autorzy:
    Kucinska, J
    Lonc, E.
    Rydzanicz, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/836322.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2003
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Parazytologiczne
    Tematy:
    zwalczanie pasozytow
    organizmy zmodyfikowane genetycznie
    biologiczne metody ochrony roslin
    inzynieria genetyczna
    Bacillus thuringiensis
    insektycydy biologiczne
    Opis:
    Transgenic bioinsecticides inimical to parasites, but imical to environment. Identification of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) parasporal crystalline inclusions composed of Cry proteins (=delta-endotoxins) resulted in introduction of microbial pesticides for biological control of some parasites. Delta-endotoxins are encoded by cry genes and are active against pest and nuisance insects (mostly mosquitoes and black flies - vectors of still important infectious diseases). The recent significant progress in DNA recombination technique may overcome limitations (a short residual persistence and a narrow spectrum of activity) associated with application of Bt conventional products. An introduction of cry genes from mosquitocidal subspecies B. th. israelensis (Bti) to the aquatic microorganisms inhabiting the same water bodies as mosquito and fly larvae (Diptera), has considerably improved the toxin delivery system to target insects. However, in the first experiments, in which Bti genes were cloned in cyanobacteria (Agmenellum quadruplicatum, Synechocystis PCC6803), a low gene expression was observed. Thus, it was necessary to integrate cry genes with strong promoters or to increase the number of vector-introduced copies. To overcome the obstacles of low gene expression and regulatory restriction for 1ecombinant organisms, Bti spore/crystal formulations were encapsulated in the aquatic protozoan, Tetrahymena pyriformis. Large numbers of crystals (180 to 240/cell) were accumulated in its food vacuoles. This system resulted also in an increase in toxin persistence from 24 to 71 h. Cloning Bti genes in B. sphaericus (which also produces mosquitocidal proteins) was another way of an increasing Bt crystal residual activity. In this case, the crystals were additionally protected by B. sphaericus exosporium. These transgenic bacteria produced large amounts of delta-endotoxins that remained under water surface longer than the wild B. sphaericus strains. Moreover, they had a broader spectrum of insecticidal activity, because B. Sphaericus is toxic mostly to Culex and Anopheles, and Bti - mostly to Culex, Aedes and some Simmulidae. Gram-negative bacteria (Asticcacaulis excentricus, Caulobacter crescentus and Ancylobacter aquaticus) turned out also to be effective delta-endotoxin producers. They grow on simple media and do not contain proteases which could degrade Cry proteins. In some cases, 100% mosquito larvae mortality was observed as a result of an exposure to transgenic microorganisms containing Bti genes. However, transgenic techniques are still not very popular in the world, despite their efficacy in biological control of insects. The transgenic organism construction is expensive and time-consuming. Genetic engineeling is still raising a lot of anxieties and doubts concerning inappropriate use of modified organisms. On the other hand, this technology could solve many problems associated with vectors of important diseases, which are still unapproachable to contemporary medicine.
    Źródło:
    Annals of Parasitology; 2003, 49, 1; 11-20
    0043-5163
    Pojawia się w:
    Annals of Parasitology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Nieprzyjazne pasożytom a przyjazne środowisku trangeniczne bioinsektycydy
    Autorzy:
    Kucińska, J.
    Lonc, E.
    Rydzanicz, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2147609.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2003
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Parazytologiczne
    Tematy:
    zwalczanie pasozytow
    organizmy zmodyfikowane genetycznie
    biologiczne metody ochrony roslin
    inzynieria genetyczna
    Bacillus thuringiensis
    insektycydy biologiczne
    Opis:
    Transgenic bioinsecticides inimical to parasites, but imical to environment. Identification of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) parasporal crystalline inclusions composed of Cry proteins (=delta-endotoxins) resulted in introduction of microbial pesticides for biological control of some parasites. Delta-endotoxins are encoded by cry genes and are active against pest and nuisance insects (mostly mosquitoes and black flies - vectors of still important infectious diseases). The recent significant progress in DNA recombination technique may overcome limitations (a short residual persistence and a narrow spectrum of activity) associated with application of Bt conventional products. An introduction of cry genes from mosquitocidal subspecies B. th. israelensis (Bti) to the aquatic microorganisms inhabiting the same water bodies as mosquito and fly larvae (Diptera), has considerably improved the toxin delivery system to target insects. However, in the first experiments, in which Bti genes were cloned in cyanobacteria (Agmenellum quadruplicatum, Synechocystis PCC6803), a low gene expression was observed. Thus, it was necessary to integrate cry genes with strong promoters or to increase the number of vector-introduced copies. To overcome the obstacles of low gene expression and regulatory restriction for 1ecombinant organisms, Bti spore/crystal formulations were encapsulated in the aquatic protozoan, Tetrahymena pyriformis. Large numbers of crystals (180 to 240/cell) were accumulated in its food vacuoles. This system resulted also in an increase in toxin persistence from 24 to 71 h. Cloning Bti genes in B. sphaericus (which also produces mosquitocidal proteins) was another way of an increasing Bt crystal residual activity. In this case, the crystals were additionally protected by B. sphaericus exosporium. These transgenic bacteria produced large amounts of delta-endotoxins that remained under water surface longer than the wild B. sphaericus strains. Moreover, they had a broader spectrum of insecticidal activity, because B. Sphaericus is toxic mostly to Culex and Anopheles, and Bti - mostly to Culex, Aedes and some Simmulidae. Gram-negative bacteria (Asticcacaulis excentricus, Caulobacter crescentus and Ancylobacter aquaticus) turned out also to be effective delta-endotoxin producers. They grow on simple media and do not contain proteases which could degrade Cry proteins. In some cases, 100% mosquito larvae mortality was observed as a result of an exposure to transgenic microorganisms containing Bti genes. However, transgenic techniques are still not very popular in the world, despite their efficacy in biological control of insects. The transgenic organism construction is expensive and time-consuming. Genetic engineeling is still raising a lot of anxieties and doubts concerning inappropriate use of modified organisms. On the other hand, this technology could solve many problems associated with vectors of important diseases, which are still unapproachable to contemporary medicine.
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Parazytologiczne; 2003, 49, 1; 11-20
    0043-5163
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Parazytologiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4

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