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    Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7
    Tytuł:
    Znaczenie zmienności genetycznej dla ochrony zasobów genowych cisa pospolitego w Europie
    Importance of genetic variation for conservation of English yew genetic resources in Europe
    Autorzy:
    Litkowiec, M.
    Plitta, B.P.
    Lewandowski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/991598.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    drzewa lesne
    cis pospolity
    Taxus baccata
    zasoby genowe
    zmiennosc genetyczna
    ochrona zasobow genowych
    genetic variation
    genetic conservation
    ex situ
    in situ
    english yew
    Opis:
    The genetic variation is considered to be a key factor for long−term survival of the species. The recognition of the existing genetic diversity is the preliminary phase in development of an effective strategy for conservation of forest tree species gene pools. Taxus baccata L. with a wide but scattered distribution in Europe is an example of rare and endangered species that needs both ex situ and in situ protection. The increase in fragmentation and isolation of populations and reduction in effective population size can cause erosion of the gene pool through increased genetic drift, increased inbreeding, reduced gene flow and decreased migration rate. As a result, local populations may be responsible for the loss of genetic variation, hence a decrease in their viability and adaptability. A few genetic analyses based on isozymes and DNA markers indicate that the yew, both in Poland and in other regions of Europe, is characterized by high levels of genetic variation within populations and moderate genetic differentiation between populations.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2013, 157, 10; 754-760
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Trunks of multi-stem black poplars may have different genotypes – evidence from the Oder valley in Poland
    Autorzy:
    Zukowska, W.B.
    Wojkiewicz, B.
    Lewandowski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2078277.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Populus nigra
    genets
    ramets
    conservation programs
    microsatellites
    Opis:
    The black poplar (Populus nigra L.) is an ecologically and economically important tree species, characteristic for floodplain forests in Europe. It is now considered to be endangered in many European countries due to the loss of its natural habitat caused by the development of river engineering and intensive land use management of riverside areas. Multi-stem specimens can be found occasionally in natural black poplar populations. The percentage of such individuals is low, although in some stands it may be over a doz- en percent. The origin of multi-stem trees may be different. As a consequence, trunks being part of such a tree can have the same or different genotypes. The study aimed to find out whether all trunks of multi-stem black poplars are ramets of the same genet or if their genotypes are different, in which case they increase the gene pool of the population. We used 13 microsatellite nuclear markers to analyze the genotypes of 83 trunks belonging to 34 multi-stem black poplar trees from five natural populations from the Oder river valley in Poland. We also performed the sibship analysis of all trunks. The results showed that the trunks being part of the particular individual had distinct genotypes in five trees (14.7%). This indicates that they were formed as a result of the fusion of two genetically different individuals. The sibship analysis revealed that one multi-stem tree was represented by full-sibs. In the remaining four trees the fused trunks were not related. Nevertheless, we found three pairs of half-sibs between different trees that were distant from each other. The majority of the multi-stem trees we examined developed most probably due to the damage to the apical meristem of the main shoot of a single-stem tree. Nevertheless, some of them were indeed formed from two distinct individuals. Therefore, if a particular population consists of a small number of individuals, we recommend to study the genotypic homogeneity of each multi-stem tree.
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2021, 86; 1-7
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Genetic status of Polish larch (Larix decidua subsp. polonica (Racib. Domin)) from Chełmowa Mountain: implications for gene conservation
    Autorzy:
    Litkowiec, M.
    Lewandowski, A.
    Burczyk, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2078281.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    European larch
    genetic diversity
    microsatellites
    spatial genetic structure
    Opis:
    The Polish larch (Larix decidua subsp. polonica (Racib. Domin), a subspecies of European larch, is one of the most valuable forest-forming trees in Poland. It was first discovered on the Chełmowa Mountain where Natural Reserve has been established to protect this subspecies. Currently, this unique population is at risk of extinction. Nonetheless, the knowledge on the genetic diversity of this population and surround- ing larch forests is insufficient to undertake actions aimed at conservation of genetic resources. In this study, we examined the level of genetic diversity and differentiation of four subpopulations of Polish larch from Nature Reserve on the Chełmowa Mountain and surrounding areas. We used eleven nuclear microsatellite markers (SSRs) combined in two multiplex PCR reactions. In total, 344 individuals of Polish larch were genotyped and subjected to further population genetic analyses. We found the high level of genetic diversity (average: He = 0.752, Ho = 0.720) and low levels of genetic differentiation (average: Fst = 0.022). The effective population size was large and homogeneous across subpopulations (mean Ne=90.7), and we found no sign of inbreeding. The spatial genetic structure was detected in two older subpopulations but not in the younger one, suggesting its artificial origin. The old larch subpopulations were genetically homogeneous and they were related to the ancestral group of Polish lowland populations. The old larch core populations growing on Chełmowa Mountain are relatively homogeneous and they well represent the ancestral genetic group of Polish lowland larch populations. However, they still exhibit rela- tively high genetic diversity and sufficiently large effective population sizes assuring their adaptive potential for a long-term existence. Surrounding larch populations are even more genetically diverse but this might be the effect of an admixture of seed sources from various populations from a wider area of Central Europe. We recommend that specific conservation efforts should be undertaken to promote natural regeneration of the core larch populations, even supplemented by the planting of seedlings derived from the oldest larch trees. Other management actions should focus on limiting external gene flow to this unique population of Polish larch.
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2018, 80; 101-111
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Utility of two mitochondrial markers for identification of Picea abies refugial origin
    Autorzy:
    Litkowiec, M
    Dering, M.
    Lewandowski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41333.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    coniferous plant
    tree
    Norway spruce
    Picea abies
    mtDNA
    molecular marker
    mitochondrial marker
    identification
    polymerase chain reaction
    RFLP analysis
    gene pool conservation
    forest ecosystem
    plant population
    Opis:
    Picea abies (L.) Karst is one of the most important coniferous species of Europe from both ecological and economical points of view. Traditional methods for the gene pool conservation and biodiversity maintenance in forest ecosystems have been practiced in many countries. For progress in this field using highly polymorphic genetic molecular markers is needed. Our goal was to demonstrate the utility of two polymorphic mitochondrial markers mt15-D02 and nad1 b/c in identification native Norway spruce stands. This molecular markers were tested in 1401 individuals from 59 Polish Norway spruce populations. We detected three alleles, which are called1, 2 and3, for locus mt15-D02 and two alleles , which are called1 and2, for locus nad1 b/c in our material. All five variants of alleles indicate the natural origin of P. abies. Result of this study shows that molecular marker mt15-D02 is easy to use and more informative in compare to marker nad1 b/c.
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2009, 61; 65-71
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Struktura klonalna wiązu polnego (Ulmus minor Mill.) w Polsce
    Clonal structure of field elm (Ulmus minor Mill.) in Poland
    Autorzy:
    Chudzińska, M.
    Litkowiec, M.
    Pałucka, M.
    Pasławska, A.
    Lewandowski, A.
    Kozioł, C.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979539.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    dendrologia
    drzewa lesne
    wiaz polny
    Ulmus minor
    zmiennosc genetyczna
    markery genetyczne
    markery mikrosatelitarne
    clonality
    field elm
    genetic conservation
    genetic variation
    microsatellite markers
    Opis:
    Field elm (Ulmus minor Mill.) is distributed mainly across central and southern Europe. In Poland this species occurs in the lowlands and foothills, where it grows mainly in the floodplain forests along the rivers. U. minor exists in a variety of climatic and ecological conditions. It is capable to tolerate floods as well as drought. Currently, most populations of U. minor are small and fragmented resulting from human activity and Dutch elm disease. Moreover, in the natural field elm populations, vegetative propagation by root suckers or sprouting can be observed. All these factors may affect the level of genetic variation of U. minor populations in Poland. In the present study, we determined the level of genetic variation and the clonal diversity of twelve natural U. minor populations in Poland (407 individuals) using eight nuclear microsatellite loci. The obtained results indicate that the studied field elm populations are characterized by low level of genetic variation (He=0.382; Ho=0.555; A=7.0). Additionally, the high level of clonality in field elm populations was estimated. The clonality level of examined elm populations varied among them, and in some cases was very high. Out of the 407 individuals analysed for clonal structure only 61 multilocus genotypes were identified. Furthermore, only one genotype was identified in the three study populations of field elm, which means that in each of these populations all trees belong to one genet. The values of genotypic richness (R) were heterogeneous among populations, with mean 0.148. The knowledge on the genetic diversity and the clonal structure of U. minor populations is essential to make future decisions regarding conservation of genetic resources of this species in Poland.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2019, 163, 10; 839-845
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Polodowcowa historia jodły pospolitej (Abies alba Mill.) w Polsce jako efekt migracji z różnych ostoi plejstoceńskich - dotychczasowy stan wiedzy
    Postglacial history of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) in Poland as a result of migration from different refugia - the current state of knowledge
    Autorzy:
    Litkowiec, M.
    Lewandowski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/973534.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    Abies alba
    okres polodowcowy
    zasieg wystepowania
    leśnictwo
    drzewa leśne
    jodła pospolita
    populacje roślin
    zasięg występowania
    zmienność genetyczna
    ochrona zasobów genowych
    genetic variation
    genetic conservation
    postglacial history
    Albies alba Mill.
    Opis:
    The paper reviews the current knowledge about the genetic variation, glacial and postglacial history of Polish populations of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.). This species occurs in the mountainous forests of central and southern Europe, from the Pyrenees up to the Balkans, where it is important from both ecological and economical points of view. The current knowledge about glacial and postglacial history of fir has been obtained from palynological and genetic studies. During the last ice age A. alba survived in the refugia in southern Europe, the central Apennines, the south of the Balkan Peninsula and the Central Massif in France. Two other refugia remained isolated – one in Calabria in the south of the Apennines and one in the Pyrenees. Furthermore the most likely routes of postglacial recolonization of silver fir as well as the introgression zone between them have been identified. In Poland, silver fir reaches the north−eastern border of its natural range. Several earlier studies based on isozymes and DNA markers (mitochondrial and chloroplast) have reported that the Polish populations of fir are characterized by lower levels of genetic variation within populations and higher genetic differentiation between them than other coniferous species. Fir probably migrated to Poland from two glacial refugia located in the Balkan and Apennines Peninsula. Notwithstanding, a recent study on Polish silver fir populations carried out with mtDNA marker, strictly maternally inherited, indicated that the species migrated to the Polish territory from the refugium in western Europe. However, this study did not take into account the possibility of participation of pollen pool of Balkan origin in the formation of the Polish populations of fir. Until now, there have been only a few reports concerning the gene pool of fir in Poland. Therefore, it is necessary to supplement the knowledge about its genetic variation. In the course of several episodes of silver fir decline during the past century, its populations have decreased in size and currently are scattered throughout the entire European range. Reliable information on the distribution of genetic variation is a prere−quisite for proper management of forest genetic resources in a short−term and long−term perspective. The recognition of the existing genetic diversity is also the preliminary phase in development of an effective strategy for conservation of forest tree species gene pools.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2015, 159, 02; 109-116
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wyniki wstępnych badań nad zmiennością genetyczną oraz zróżnicowaniem genetycznym między populacjami wiązu górskiego (Ulmus glabra Huds.) w Polsce
    Results of preliminary research on genetic variation and genetic differentiation between Wych elm populations (Ulmus glabra Huds.) in Poland
    Autorzy:
    Chudzińska, M.
    Pałucka, M.
    Pasławska, A.
    Litkowiec, M.
    Lewandowski, A.
    Kozioł, C.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/985889.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    drzewa lesne
    wiaz gorski
    Ulmus glabra
    zmiennosc genetyczna
    markery mikrosatelitarne
    populacje roslin
    zroznicowanie genetyczne
    Polska
    zasoby genetyczne
    wych elm
    genetic variation
    microsatellite markers
    genetic resources
    ex situ conservation
    Opis:
    Wych elm (Ulmus glabra Huds.) is a rare scattered forest tree species in Poland. First studies on genetic diversity of the species in its natural range in Poland give a good basis for the management and conservation of its genetic resources. In the present study, we determined the level of genetic variation and genetic differentiation of seventeen natural Wych elm populations in Poland using nine nuclear microsatellite loci. The number of analyzed individuals was 601. The level of genetic diversity of Polish populations of Wych elm corresponded with the results of the previous studies on this species in Europe. The populations show quite low level of genetic diversity of the species on the population level and quite high diversity on the interpopulation level. A total of 119 alleles was found, with average number per locus (A) equal 6.0 and allelic richness at medium high level (AR10=4.7). Observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity reached 0.583 and 0.602 respectively. The genetic differentiation between Polish populations of Wych elm occurred at a low level (Fst=0.089). Inbreeding depression may occur in the next generations (Fis=0.031). Genetic diversity between Wych elm populations in Poland may be the result of unfavorable random processes related to the reduction of population size resulting from elm disease. To better understand the processes related to the genetic diversity of Wych elm populations, research on field elm variation should be undertaken. Such studies may give an answer to the potential influence of introgression between these species on the genetic structure of the Wych elm. Both in situ as well as ex situ conservation measures are highly recommended to preserve genetic resources of this valuable noble hardwood species in Polish landscape.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2018, 162, 09; 727-736
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7

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