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    Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4
    Tytuł:
    Sulphates in particles of different sizes in the marine boundary layer over the Southern Baltic Sea
    Autorzy:
    Falkowska, L.
    Lewandowska, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48464.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2004
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    coastal zone
    marine boundary layer
    sulphate
    aerosol
    concentration
    Baltic Sea
    Opis:
    Concentrations of sulphate ions and particle size distributions were measured in the marine boundary layer using a ten-cascade Berner impactor at Hel between December 1997 and March 1998, and with a filter packin Gdynia from February to May 2001. In the marine boundary layer over the Hel Peninsula the presence of natural sea-salt and non-sea-salt sulphate ions (nssSO4 2−) was confirmed in the aerosols. The nssSO4 were present in all size ranges only in December 1997 and in the first half of January 1998, making up an average of 83.7±2.4% of the total sulphate content. In the other winter months, nssSO4 2− were recorded only in aerosols of diameters from 0.4 to 1.5 μm, and their average contribution dropped by over 20%. The extended growing season in the Southern Baltic resulted in the formation of fine particles that appeared in the marine boundary layer in early winter. At that time the proportion of nssSO4 2− in ultra-fine particles ranged from 75.7% to 100%. The concentration of nssSO4 2−, which varied from 0.8 to 2.3 nmol m−3 in particles < 0.4 μm in size probably constituted the natural background aerosol population in the relatively clean coastal environment of the Southern Baltic Sea. In the coastal urbanised area of Gdynia, the sulphate concentration in aerosols was higher than at Hel (av. 75.3 nmol m−3) but the proportion of nssSO4 was low, of the order of 24%. Sea salt was then the dominant source of sulphate.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2004, 46, 2
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ammonia and ammonium over the Southern Baltic Sea. Part 1. Preparation of aerosol and air samples for the determination of ammonia by the indophenol method
    Autorzy:
    Lewandowska, A.
    Falkowska, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47640.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2004
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    coastal zone
    aerosol sample
    ammonium
    aerosol preparation
    air sample
    ammonia
    Baltic Sea
    indophenol method
    climate change
    Opis:
    1997 saw the start of a study into the spatial and temporal changes in the chemical composition of the atmosphere over the littoral and offshore waters of the Baltic Sea. Collection of samples and their subsequent chemical analysis was preceded by meticulous laboratory experiments concerning the validation and adaptation of the analytical procedures. The colorimetric indophenol blue technique was used to analyse the aerosol samples for the concentration of ammonium ions and the air samples for their gaseous ammonia. The samples were collected with PTFE-filters and Whatman 41 filters coated with 5% orthophosphoric acid. This acid enhances the aerosol sampling efficacy but reduces the pH of the reaction in which indophenol is formed. The pH of the aerosol samples thus had to be raised, and this in turn required an alteration to the original procedure prior to ammonia determination. It was demonstrated that the addition of 0.1 N KOH to the filters coated with H3PO4 increases the pH of the reaction medium to the required level of pH = 8–11.5 and does not substantially influence the precision of the determination; the error of the modified procedure was of the order of 5.2%. Air samples for the determination of gaseous ammonia were collected with annular denuders. Oxalic acid and citric acid are the usual impregnating agents. In the present experiments oxalic acid was used for denuder impregnation; it turned out to be more effective than citric acid under the conditions of the southern Baltic Sea. The detection limit of the indophenol blue method in these laboratory experiments was 0.045 mmol dm−3. The respective relative standard deviations (RSD) within the range of higher and lower concentrations were 0.64% and 4.53%.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2004, 46, 2
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ammonia and ammonium over the Southern Baltic Sea. Part 2. The origin of ammonia and ammonium over two coastal stations: Gdynia and Hel
    Autorzy:
    Lewandowska, A.
    Falkowska, L.
    Beldowska, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48111.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2004
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    coastal zone
    Gdynia
    aerosol
    ammonium
    ammonia
    concentration
    Hel Peninsula
    Baltic Sea
    Opis:
    Ammonia concentrations in aerosols and ammonium concentrations in the air were measured in the coastal zone of the southern Baltic Sea. The main study area was the Hel Peninsula, where measurements were carried out from December 1997 to March 1998. There was a second such area in Gdynia, where the first measurement period extended from May to December 2000, and the second one lasted from February to May 2001. At the same time, chloride, sulphate and sodium concentrations in the aerosols were determined; meteorological parameters were also measured. Aerosol samples were collected with a filter pack, and the gaseous phase species were collected on denuders. At both stations, the ammonium concentration in aerosols was at least one order of magnitude higher than that of the ammonia in the air samples. It was found that the marine boundary layer always contained ammonium chloride and ammonium sulphate. The presence of ammonium nitrate was detected only when winds were slight and was attributed to local anthropogenic sources. The ammonia concentration related to nitrate increased with rising air humidity and a falling temperature. The contribution of marigenic ions in aerosols was noted at onshore wind of speeds > 3.5 m s−1. In winter as in summer, conditions occurred facilitating light backscattering by a ‘wet’ aerosol, which contained ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulphate in proportions of 2.5:1 and 1:1.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2004, 46, 2
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Diurnal variations in nitrogen, phosphorus and iron compounds in the Southern Baltic Sea
    Autorzy:
    Sikorowicz, G.
    Falkowska, L.
    Burska, D.
    Dunajska, D.
    Pryputniewicz, D.
    Magulski, R.
    Lewandowska, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47649.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2005
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    iron
    nutrient
    Gdansk Deep
    nitrogen
    density stratification
    diurnal variation
    Baltic Sea
    oxygen condition
    phosphorus
    Opis:
    In order to assess their short-term variability, nutrient concentrations were measured at standard depths at 2 h intervals in the deepest region of the Gdańsk Deep during the first ten days of June 2001. The mean concentrations of nutrients in the euphotic zone were: NN (NO2 −, NO3 −, NH4 +) – 1.93 μmol dm−3, PO4 3− – 0.12 μmol dm−3 and Fetot – 0.11 μmol dm−3. During daylight hours, when the rate of assimilation was fastest, concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and iron compounds were very low. The phosphate concentration fell to a minimum (0.03 μmol dm−3) between 04:00 and 10:00 hrs, while total iron dropped to 0.01 μmol dm−3 between 10:00 and 16:00 hrs. Both levels were below the limiting values for phosphorus and iron. At night, concentrations of NO3 − and PO4 3− rose by 25%, those of NH4 + and Fetot by 35%. The mean molar ratios of NN:PO4 3− and Fetot:PO4 3− in the surface layer were subject to significant daily fluctuations. The molar NN:PO4 3− ratio was higher than the optimum value established for the Baltic Sea. Below the halocline, the concentrations of dissolved iron and phosphorus rose as a result of diffusion from sediments in response to changing redox conditions.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2005, 47, 2
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4

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