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    Tytuł:
    The theoretical Basis for Criminological forecasting of Crime (with Russia Example)
    Autorzy:
    Laskowska, Katarzyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1374885.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
    Tematy:
    crime
    crime forecasting
    crime prevention
    Russian Federation
    Opis:
    The paper discusses the problems of criminological forecasting of crime. The analyses have been based on issues concerning theoretical foundations and assumptions of this process in Russia. Since it is a country with considerable socio-demographic, religious and cultural diversity, it must analyse, assess and monitor these territorial differences in crime and skilfully anticipate the changes taking place there. Russia is the country that already has experience in predicting the development of crime. Current Russian criminological literature has been used in the deliberations. The publication presents various definitions of criminological crime forecasting. Attention was drawn not only to the need to anticipate changes in criminal trends but also to the evolution of crime causes. The sources of information necessary to forecast this phenomenon have also been indicated. It has been emphasized that this is, in particular, knowledge about socio-economic and political transformations taking place in the country. The several stages and complexity of the forecasting process, as well as its result in the form of a crime forecast, have also been underlined. By presenting a number of forecasting objectives, its usefulness for the protection of the security of the state and its citizens have been emphasized. The basics of conducting research analyses in the form of three scientific methods (extrapolation, modelling, and application of criminological expertise) have been discussed, as well. The classifications of forecasting and the periods applied in practice have been presented. The above issues have been discussed on the basis of theoretical assumptions adopted by Russian criminologists. Attention has been focused on the most important issues for preventing and combatting crime. The considerations have confirmed the need to anticipate the development of crime.
    Źródło:
    Internal Security; 2018, 10(1); 95-105
    2080-5268
    Pojawia się w:
    Internal Security
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ewolucja przestępczości zorganizowanej w Rosji
    Autorzy:
    Laskowska, Katarzyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621753.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
    Tematy:
    organized crime, Russia
    Opis:
    The article presents the development of the organized crime in Russia. The author has identified four stages of the evolution: period before the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, then years 1917–1945, years 1945–1991 and finally period starting from 1991. She presents an opinion that the political events in each of these periods had big influence on shape of this kind of crime. The important role is connected with years before the October Revolution, because in this period the organized crime has emerged. The post – revolution period was also important, because in the first years after revolution gangs – so called „vory v zakonie” had good opportunities to develop. The real bloom of the organized crime took place after World War II, when the professional crime was replaced by the organized one. The reason for this evolution was the inefficiency of centralized economy, not limited power of the communist party apparatus and the mobility of criminals. After 1991 strong tights between business, politics and crime were established. This process made some of people very rich (illegally), but then their properties were legalized and the ruling class was corrupted. This process had great influence on emerging the new form of organized crime – the mafia. The article shows that present criminal situation in Russia is a result of many historical events, complex social processes and complicated relations between citizens and government.
    Źródło:
    Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2008, 6; 55-65
    1732-9132
    2719-9991
    Pojawia się w:
    Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Stan rozpoznania zorganizowanych grup przestępczych z udziałem cudzoziemców w Polsce
    The Present body of Knowledge on Organized Crime Groups in Poland with Foreign Nationals as Members
    Autorzy:
    Laskowska, Katarzyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698644.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    zorganizowane grupy przestępcze
    cudzoziemcy
    kryminologia
    organized crime groups
    organized crime
    foreign nationals
    criminology
    Opis:
    The paper offers a synthetic insight into the activities of organized crime groups in Poland with foreign nationals as their members. All the relevant data were obtained from the staff officers of the Central Bureau of Police Investigation (CBSP), i.e. directly from the operatives involved in investigating such criminal structures. The interviews were conducted in February 2015, with the three officers serving in the three departments combating: organized crime, organized drug trafficking, and organized fraud, respectively. On the basis of those interviews, it was established that the structures of interest are formed either exclusively by foreign nationals, or by foreign nationals in association with their Polish peers. Some groups might be characterised by specific traits, e.g. organisational tightness, or excessive brutality. Some insight was also gained into the ways of recruitment to the organized crime groups involving foreigners, i.e. diversified ways of recruitment to the structures of different specialisations (crime, drugs, fraud). In due course, the most frequently committed types of criminal offences were identified, i.e. theft, drug production and trafficking, cigarette smuggling, VAT fraud, and money laundering. The study highlights the ‘attractiveness’ of particular offences to respective organized crime groups. It was also possible to gain an understanding of their modus operandi and organizational structuring (be that complex or simple), including consideration for their own security (i.e. making expert use of the most recent advances of modern technology and personal training and vigilance). The research allowed to establish the specific ways of managing the proceeds derived from the committed offences, in due consideration of the respective nationality of their members. A certain proportion of the crime structures consumed the proceeds, others made investments and promoted business development, still others transferred the funds to their home countries. The study revealed that well-organized groups were active in Poland, whereas the highly-organized ones also ventured abroad with their operations, whilst making use of their international contacts with a view to establishing collaboration with some other internationally structured groups in order to promote business development and maximize their illicit revenues. The interviews revealed that police investigators manage to keep very much abreast of the activities pursued by internationally structured, organized crime groups in Poland.
    Źródło:
    Archiwum Kryminologii; 2016, XXXVIII; 161-173
    0066-6890
    2719-4280
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwum Kryminologii
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Rola prawa karnego w ograniczaniu patologii jako poważnego zagrożenia dla społeczeństwa XXI wieku
    Role of criminal law in limiting pathologies as a serious threat to 21st century societies
    Autorzy:
    Laskowska, Katarzyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698488.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    patologia społeczna
    zapobieganie przestępczości
    społeczne uwarunkowania przestępczości
    crime prevention
    Opis:
    The work discusses the phenomenon of social pathologies. The aim of the work is to show the threats it causes to the modern society which cause the need to limit the phenomenon with all measures available, including criminal prosecution. Discussion is presented from point of view of criminology and criminal law. The author emphasises that the problem of pathology in modern society is very important. One cannot deny that the notion of pathology is often used, even over-used. An analysis of pathology definition provided by the experts in this topic (A. Podgórecki, J. Wódz, A. Gaberle i J. Malec) leads to a conclusion that there is no common definition of the phenomenon. A review of opinions by doctrine representatives allowed to present a catalogue of the most common features of social pathology. These are: behaviours of individuals and groups, incompatibility of human behaviours with the system of norms in a given community, destructiveness and harmfulness of behaviours disturbing the functioning of a given community, dynamics of the phenomenon. Diversity of the listed features causes a question if all these elements are objective criteria to judge pathological phenomena. The presented discussion leads to a conclusion that listing such features is very difficult. It is related to fact that norms, opinions and values in societies change with time and that their judgements is characterised by subjectivism. Hence, because there occur objective and subjective criteria for judging the phenomenon of social pathologies, it is difficult to coin a common definition. As a result, the Author proposes to define pathology as “detrimental (both for the society and particular individuals) human behaviours which infringe a established system of social norms”. The study emphasises that pathologies are related to processes of undergoing social and economical changes hence the scope of phenomena defined as social pathologies has been changing over the years. Changes in the political, social and economic system were accompanied by changes in quantitative and qualitative changes in the characteristics of social pathology. At present, on can observe an increase in the number and the diversity of pathological behaviours. Apart from alcoholism, prostitution, suicide, illicit drug addiction, there appeared also other ones: addictions from prescribed drugs, television, computer, sex, gambling, eating disorders (anorexia and bulimia), activity of sects and subcultures, homelessness, begging, new forms of crime (e.g. organised crime). It should be noted that with years some behaviours defined as pathological lost this feature (e.g. mental illness) and some ceased to exist (parasitism, negative attitude to work). The causes of new pathologies’ emergence and development are rooted in the transformation which influenced almost all spheres of life: family, school, social and personal life of an individual.
    Źródło:
    Archiwum Kryminologii; 2009, XXXI; 147-158
    0066-6890
    2719-4280
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwum Kryminologii
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Przestępczość o charakterze terrorystycznym w Rosji-wprowadzenie do problematyki
    Terrorist crime in Russia-introduction to the problem
    Autorzy:
    Laskowska, Katarzyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698945.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    terroryzm
    przestępczość zorganizowana
    przestępczość w Rosji
    crime in Russia
    terrorism
    Opis:
    The publication depicts the phenomenon of terrorist crime in Russia, both in legal and criminological approach. It attempts to define the phenomenon and, subsequently, defines the scope of criminalised acts and the manner of penalisation thereof under Russian law. Consequently the phenomenon, aetiology and prevention are analysed. Such an approach allowed to present the tendencies and threats resulting from this category of crime. Analyses have been aiming at conclusion what are the needs and directions of preventing this phenomenon in Russia. Analyses allowed to establish that the following offences should be deemed terrorist ones: act of terror (article 205), support for terrorist activities (article 2051), public incitement of terrorist activity or public justification of terrorism (article 2052 ), taking a hostage (article 206), organisation of illegal armed unit or taking part in such (article 208), hijacking of an aircraft, a vessel, or a train (article 211), attempt of assassination of public servant or social activist (article 277), seizure of power using violence, or exercise of power with the use of violence (article 275), armed uprising (article 279) public incitement of extremist activity (article 280) organisation of an extremist union (article 282) assault on people, or institutions which are under international protection (article 360). The analysis indicates that abovementioned acts of terrorism are, above all, a threat to public safety, legal government, and the foundations of constitutional order and state security, as well as peace and security of humankind. They have a criminal, political, and international character. They exhibit associations to organised crime and extremist crime. The study found that the reasons of their occurrence in Russia are deeply rooted in social, economic, and political problems. The weakness of the state and its structures, and the inability to solve problems, built up over decades, resulted in the development of the phenomenon which peaked between 1997 and 2004. During this period most false notices of terrorist acts were recorded, while crimes of organizing illegal armed units, and crimes of terror (terrorist acts) were also recorded but to a much less extent. The phenomenon has been undergoing changes for years and requires an appropriate response from the state. Therefore, apart from an improvement of anti-terrorism laws, the authorities should aim to reduce causes and factors which support the development of such crimes, especially to constantly monitor social situation in Russia, including the sources of tension. The authorities should also counteract fundamentalism, ease social tensions on nationality and religion grounds, and additionally control weapon trafficking, ensure adequate preparation of antiterrorist forces in terms of material, technical, and psychological basis.
    Źródło:
    Archiwum Kryminologii; 2010, XXXII; 379-402
    0066-6890
    2719-4280
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwum Kryminologii
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kara pozbawienia wolności w świetle kodeksu karnego RSFRR z 1960 r. — problemy prawa oraz praktyki jej orzekania
    Imprisonment in the light of the RSFSR Penal Code of 1960 — problems of law and the practice of its adjudication
    Autorzy:
    Laskowska, Katarzyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/782643.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
    Tematy:
    RSFSR Penal Code of 1960
    imprisonment
    particularly serious crime
    particularly dangerous repeat offender
    conviction
    Opis:
    This study concerns a selected institution of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation of 1960, i.e. the penalty of deprivation of liberty, and it consists of three parts. The first part shows the place and legal status of this punishment in comparison with other penalties in the 1960 Code. Its fundamental character is emphasised. Next, the scope of legal regulation of imprisonment is discussed (Article 24 of the Penal Code). Its time limits and categories of perpetrators subject to imprisonment as well as the place of execution of the sentence are presented. The possibilities of changing the places of imprisonment are also shown. The third part of the This study concerns a selected institution of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation of 1960, i.e. the penalty of deprivation of liberty, and it consists of three parts. The first part shows the place and legal status of this punishment in comparison with other penalties in the 1960 Code. Its fundamental character is emphasised. Next, the scope of legal regulation of imprisonment is discussed (Article 24 of the Penal Code). Its time limits and categories of perpetrators subject to imprisonment as well as the place of execution of the sentence are presented. The possibilities of changing the places of imprisonment are also shown. The third part of the article presents the general state of crime registered in the analysed period, and discusses the dynamics of convicted persons. This has enabled to establish the relations between the scale of the phenomenon and the number of persons serving this isolation sentence. It has shown a strict practice of imposing prison sentences by Soviet courts. On the basis of dogmatic and statistical analyses, it has made it possible to recognise this punishment as an important instrument of law and penal policy.
    Źródło:
    Z Dziejów Prawa; 2019, 12; 863-874
    1898-6986
    2353-9879
    Pojawia się w:
    Z Dziejów Prawa
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Przestępczość kobiet w Rosji
    Women’s crime in Russia
    Autorzy:
    Laskowska, Katarzyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1835534.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-09-20
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo HUMANICA
    Tematy:
    przestępczość kobiet
    badania kryminologiczne kobiet
    Rosja
    women’s crime
    criminological research of women
    Russia
    Opis:
    Opracowanie ma charakter kryminologiczny . Przedstawia fenomen przestępczości kobiet w Rosji od początku lat 90. XX w. do współczesności. Omawia strukturę, dynamikę i przejawy nielegalnej aktywności kobiet. Prezentuje jej społeczno-ekonomiczne, kulturowe, psychologiczne i organizacyjnoprawne przyczyny. Wskazuje sposoby przeciwdziałania zjawisku zarówno przez państwo, jak i społeczeństwo.
    The paper tackles the problem of criminology . The Author presents the phenomenon of women’s crime in Russia from 1990 till today. The structure of this kind of crime and its dynamics are also introduced . In addition, the Author focuses on its socio-economic, cultural and psychological as well as legal motives. Various ways of counteracting the women’s crime by both the government and society are also presented.
    Źródło:
    Czasopismo Naukowe Instytutu Studiów Kobiecych; 2021, 2(11); 159-174
    2451-3539
    2543-7011
    Pojawia się w:
    Czasopismo Naukowe Instytutu Studiów Kobiecych
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kryminologiczne aspekty przestępczości granicznej
    Criminological Aspects of Border Crime
    Autorzy:
    Laskowska, Katarzyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699171.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2002
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    kryminologia
    przestępczość graniczna
    nielegalne przekroczenie granicy
    przemyt towarów
    criminology
    border crime
    illegal border crossing
    smuggling of goods
    Opis:
          In this study the author indicates the main problems that appeared in Poland as a result of the opening of borders after the transition to a new economic and political system launched in 1989. The list is headed by offenses committed by foreign nationals, smuggling activities, illegal crossing of frontiers, and  population movements, especially from very low-income countries.       Border crime is defined here as both illegal border crossing, customs and currency offenses, forgery of documents and crime againts institutions. Border crime can be examined in a large numer of aspects as offenses which ere a threat to fundamental public policy interests. The crux of the matter lies in the motives and aims of the perpetrator.       When we refer to border crime we have in mind the kind of offenses that are associated with cross-border movement of persons and objects involved in an illegal activity The commission of offenses falling into this category is not confined solely to border regions. The area of operations of criminals of this kind may be the whole of a country. Border crime is crime of a special kind. Its effects and in particular its further consequences are not always visible. Nor in all such cases is there an injured party, though it should be noted that serious harm may be suffered by people smuggled across borders and that injury is caused to victims of smuggling-related car theft.       It is worth drawing attention to the etiology of this kind of crime. Among the internal influences contributing to its growth should be included the closure or collapse of workplaces, state farms and industrial enterprises, especially along Poland’s eastern border, and the consequent rise in unemployment. In recent years there has been a notable decline in the public’s standard of living, which has prompted some of them to seek alternative or additional sources of income.With increasing frequency people set their sights on swift multiplication of wealth and see in smuggling, for instance, a relatively simple and low-risk way of making money. It is worth noting  a judicial tendency towards unduly lenient treatment of perperators of border crime and to hand down light sentences (most glaringly, for organizacion of illegal border crossing). Another development has been a steep rise in the incidence of pathological phenomena among officials, such as forgery or falsification of documents, bribery or entry into the structures of criminal groups.        Much more dangerous are the external factors driving border crime, such as steadily worsening economic decline in parts o fthe Middle East, Asia and the former Soviet Union and  rising unemployment and inflation in the countries concerned. Other causes are wars, national, ethnic and religious conflicts and the inadequacy of the technical protection of frontiers. Not without significance is the continuing demand in the East for cars of Western make and the possibility of legalizing their acquisition if they have been stolen. There has also been an intensification of corrupt practices among public officials with an influence on the state of national security and inviolability of frontiers (especially among the border guard forces in Belarus and Ukraine). Also conducive to the growth of crime is the further organization and specialization of criminal groups pursuing activities on both sides of the frontier.        The author also offers a detailed picture of selected types of border crime. Her study centers on the legal and criminological aspects of the crime of illegal entry. She indicates the methods of committing this crime employed by its perpetrators at both border crossings and along smuggling routes. She depicts the mechanisms involved in the smuggling of persons with particular emphasis on the role played in such trafficking by organized criminal groups.        Another criminal activity worth attention is smuggling, chiefly of liquor, cigarettes, cars, drugs, animals, guns, etc. This crime is a threat to the economic interests of the state which incurs  significant losses of revenue in this respect.  The author brings out the complex, underground modus operandi of the criminals involved and stresses the prominence in this illicit activity of organized criminal groups.        The data illustrating border crime points to the continued persistence of threats from illegal immigration into Poland, including in many cases in organized forms, and its  transformation from a transit to a destination country. Because of the unabating demand in the former Soviet republics for Western cars rhe organizers of smuggling rings will probably develop more sophisticated methods of falsifying the documents of cars (mostly luxury models) stolen in West-European countries. As at present there will be continued smuggling, both by individuals and in organized forms (of considerable value per consignment), of liquor into Poland and of cigarettes bound for Poland and Germany. Intensification of attempts to corrupt the personnel (including senior officers) of watchtowers and border crossings.        The most important role in prevention and  suppression of border crime is played by Border Guard personnel. More and more often they are equipped with modern equipment for X-raying baggage and carry out passport checks by means of readers connected to a computer database.  Border Guard personel also engage in operations outside the border zone and conduct searches of dwellings and premises belonging to the organizers of illegal cross-border traffic. Not infrequently they face an increased element of risk. Criminals often possess firearms, gas and other dangerous implements. Hence the importance of specialist  training, physical fitness, unarmed combat skills and the ability to handle weapons.        An important erement in fighting border crime is cooperation with other public institutions. Preventive action and operational, surveillance and investigative measures aimed at improving the state of security and public order and detection and expulsion of foreign nationals who have entered Poland  illegally are carried out in the border zone in collaboration with the police.                    Because of the nature or its responsibilities and the international connections of criminal groups the Border Guard maintains day-to-day liaison with its counterparts in  other countries. Among the most important areas of cooperation between the border authorities of European Union members, Central and East European countries, the United States and Canada are interchange of information about tasks, structures, jurisdictions, powers and problems relating to cross-border traffic and border crime and interaction in operational and investigative activities. There is a particularly successful record  of cooperarion with the German authorities (specifically the BGS).        It is worth stressing that amendmends to the Border Guard Act adopted in 2001 provide for its equipment with additional powers for combating corruption, including operational oversight, „sting” operations, the offering or acceptance of bribes, and imposes on Border Guard personnel and employees the requirement to file declarations of assets. The powers in question could be a significant boost to the prevention and suppression of border crime.
    Źródło:
    Archiwum Kryminologii; 2002, XXVI; 161-180
    0066-6890
    2719-4280
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwum Kryminologii
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Dobre praktyki Francji i Rosji w zakresie zwalczania przestępczości granicznej oraz zorganizowanej z udziałem cudzoziemców
    Good Practices in France and Russia in Combating Border Offences and Organized Crime Involving Foreign Nationals
    Autorzy:
    Laskowska, Katarzyna
    Perkowska, Magdalena
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698650.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    zwalczanie przestępczości granicznej
    zwalczanie przestępczości zorganizowanej
    cudzoziemcy
    kryminologia
    Francja
    Rosja
    combating border offences
    border offences
    organized crime
    foreign nationals
    France
    Russia
    Opis:
    The paper addresses the issues of appropriateness and overall effectiveness of endeavours undertaken by selected countries (France and Russia) in the area of preventing, combating, and reducing illegal migration and criminality of foreign nationals. Analyses of the overall body of experience gained by those countries, often struggling with far more serious problems than ours, make it possible to highlight a variety of approaches to the issues under study, along with identifying new, frequently more effective ways of resolving them. In the section dealing with the French solutions, the author focused on those that are aimed specifically at preventing and combating illegal migration, mainly in the form of illegal residence in France. This is due to the fact that criminal offences committed by foreign nationals in France comprise primarily those related to illegal residence or illegal entry into the country. An in-depth review of the available instruments, mainly on the basis of specific regulations comprised in the Code of Entry and Residence of Foreign Nationals, in conjunction with the provisions regulating their right to claim political asylum, allowed to identify certain specific French solutions which might well be deemed good practices, with a view to having them considered for a prospective transposition into the Polish legal system, specifically into administrative and criminal law. When assessing the French regulations in terms of good practices, it appears prudent to consider their prospective transposition into Polish criminal or administrative law, especially with regard to the following areas. First of all, one would need to consider the option of imposing a lifetime ban on the entry into Poland for committing an offence related to illegal migration, but also with regard to other common offences. It is essential in terms of combating illegal migration, to have any individual conduct involving aiding or facilitating a third party’s illegal border crossing, contravening the law regulating the length of residence, or illegal residence in other countries of the Schengen Area, or in other EU Member States, duly criminalized, and not on the territory of Poland only. Another key solution at hand consists in the option to impose a ban on residence in France, also issued in the form of an administrative decision by the Minister of Internal Affairs, which might also apply to those individuals who are not currently residing in France, or those who have never held such residence do date, whereas might be deemed potential threat to public order. In the section dealing with Russia, the author aimed to address specific projects designed to combat illegal migration of foreign nationals and criminality at large (including organized crime) undertaken in that country. It was established that the Russian Federation was actively involved in combating both phenomena. In terms of preventing and reducing illegal immigration into the Russian Federation, several specific projects have been undertaken. In particular, The Concept of State Migration Policy for 2025 was developed, which sets out the objectives, principles, tasks, key directions, and specific constraints in the implementation of state migration policy across the country. It emphasises the need for the introduction of a number of modifications of legal, organizational and social nature, aimed specifically to radically restructure a number of areas within overall state migration policy. Several amendments were made to the Russian Penal Code of 1996, pertaining to illegal border crossings, organizing illegal migration, and others, as well as to the Code of Administrative Breaches of the Law of 2001 (i.e. a series of offences in breach of border security, visa procedures, etc.).
    Źródło:
    Archiwum Kryminologii; 2016, XXXVIII; 113-124
    0066-6890
    2719-4280
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwum Kryminologii
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kryminalizacja „zajmowania najwyższej pozycji w przestępczej hierarchii” w świetle art. 210[1] kodeksu karnego Federacji Rosyjskiej
    Criminalisation of “holding the highest position in the criminal hierarchy” in light of the Article 210[1] of Russian Federation Criminal Code
    Autorzy:
    Laskowska, Katarzyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2170039.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Wymiaru Sprawiedliwości
    Tematy:
    zajmowanie najwyższej pozycji w przestępczej hierarchii
    kodeks karny Federacji Rosyjskiej
    wor w zakonie
    przestępczość zorganizowana
    the highest position in the criminal hierarchy
    Criminal Code of Russian Federation
    thief in law
    organized crime
    Opis:
    Opracowanie dotyczy stosunkowo nowej i bardzo interesującej regulacji w prawie karnym Federacji Rosyjskiej, a mianowicie odpowiedzialności osoby za zajmowanie najwyższej pozycji w przestępczej hierarchii. Autorka ukazała powody przyjęcia takiego rozwiązania oraz omówiła poszczególne znamiona/cechy przestępstwa z art. 210[1] k.k. FR, wskazując na ich trudności interpretacyjne. Poprzez poddanie ocenie zakresu, celowości wprowadzenia i przydatności w praktyce karania za zajmowanie najwyższej pozycji w przestępczej hierarchii przedstawiła problemy związane ze stosowaniem tego przepisu, co w efekcie wykazało sprzeczności z podstawowymi zasadami prawa karnego.
    The paper deals with the issue of quite new and interesting Russian Federation’s regulation concerning the one’s responsibility of holding the highest position in the criminal hierarchy. The Author presents rationale behind implementing such regulation. In addition, particular characteristics of the crime of article 210[1] of the Criminal Code are outlined while the difficulties in its interpretation being underlined. The Author describes issues with its execution in practice. The regulation’s dimension, its goal and practical application have also been assessed. What is more, some incoherence with basic rules of the Penal Code have been identified.
    Źródło:
    Prawo w Działaniu; 2022, 49; 18-33
    2084-1906
    2657-4691
    Pojawia się w:
    Prawo w Działaniu
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 10

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