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    Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8
    Tytuł:
    Microstructure and Mechanical Characteristics of the Ternary SnZnAl Lead-Free Alloy
    Autorzy:
    Pietrzak, K.
    Klasik, A.
    Maj, M.
    Sobczak, N.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380398.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    lead free alloy
    microstructure
    mechanical properties
    scanning electron microscopy
    stop bezołowiowy
    mikrostruktura
    właściwości mechaniczne
    mikroskop skaningowy
    Opis:
    The paper describes the studies of ternary SnZn9Al1.5 lead-free alloy from the viewpoint of its mechanical behavior as well as microstructure examined by the light and scanning electron microscopy. The authors focused their attention specifically on the fatigue parameters determined by the original modified low-cycle fatigue method (MLCF), which in a quick and economically justified way allows determination of a number of mechanical parameters based on the measurement data coming from one test sample only. The effect of the addition of 1.5% Al to the binary eutectic SnZn9 alloy on its microstructure and the obtained level of mechanical parameters was analyzed. The phases and intermetallic compounds occurring in the alloy were identified based on the chemical analysis carried out in micro-areas by the SEM/EDS technique. It was shown that the addition of 1.5% Al to the binary eutectic SnZn9 alloy resulted in a more favorable microstructure and consequently had a positive effect on the mechanical parameters of the alloy. Based on the conducted research, it was recommended to use a combinatorial method based on the phase quanta theory to quickly evaluate the microstructure and the original MLCF method to determine a number of mechanical parameters.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2018, 18, 3; 31-36
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Microstructure and Fatigue Life of the Binary Lead-free Alloys with High Zn Content
    Autorzy:
    Pietrzak, K.
    Klasik, A.
    Maj, M.
    Sobczak, N.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382479.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    lead free alloy
    alloy microstructure
    mechanical properties
    stop bezołowiowy
    mikrostruktura stopu
    właściwości mechaniczne
    Opis:
    The results of studies presented in this article are an example of the research activity of the authors related to lead-free alloys. The studies covered binary SnZn90 and SnZn95 lead-free alloys, including their microstructure and complex mechanical characteristics. The microstructure was examined by both light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The identification of alloy chemical composition in micro-areas was performed by SEM/EDS method. As regards light microscopy, the assessment was of both qualitative and quantitative character. The determination of the geometrical parameters of microstructure was based on an original combinatorial method using phase quantum theory. Comprehensive characterization of mechanical behavior with a focus on fatigue life of alloys was performed by means of the original modified low cycle fatigue method (MLCF) adapted to the actually available test machine. The article discusses the fatigue life of binary SnZn90 and SnZn95 alloys in terms of their microstructure. Additionally, the benefits resulting from the use of the combinatorial method in microstructure examinations and MLCF test in the quick estimation of several mechanical parameters have been underlined.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2018, 18, 4; 65-70
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Comparative Studies of Microstructure and Fatigue Life of Selected Lead-free Alloys
    Autorzy:
    Pietrzak, K.
    Klasik, A.
    Maj, M.
    Sobczak, N.
    Wojciechowski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/379514.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    lead free alloys
    microstructure
    mechanical properties
    stopy bezołowiowe
    mikrostruktura
    właściwości mechaniczne
    Opis:
    Lead-free alloys containing various amounts of zinc (4.5%, 9%, 13%) and constant copper addition (1%) were discussed. The results of microstructure examinations carried out by light microscopy (qualitative and quantitative) and by SEM were presented. In the light microscopy, a combinatorial method was used for the quantitative evaluation of microstructure. In general, this method is based on the phase quanta theory according to which every microstructure can be treated as an arrangement of phases/structural components in the matrix material. Based on this method, selected geometrical parameters of the alloy microstructure were determined. SEM examinations were based on chemical analyses carried out in microregions by EDS technique. The aim of the analyses was to identify the intermetallic phases/compounds occurring in the examined alloys. In fatigue testing, a modified low cycle fatigue test method (MLCF) was used. Its undeniable advantage is the fact that each time, using one sample only, several mechanical parameters can be estimated. As a result of structure examinations, the effect of alloying elements on the formation of intermetallic phases and compounds identified in the examined lead-free alloys was determined. In turn, the results of mechanical tests showed the effect of intermetallic phases identified in the examined alloys on their fatigue life. Some concepts and advantages of the use of the combinatorial and MLCF methods in materials research were also presented.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2017, 17, 3; 111-116
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Microstructural Aspects of Fatigue Parameters of Lead-Free Sn-Zn Solders with Various Zn Content
    Autorzy:
    Pietrzak, K.
    Klasik, A.
    Maj, M.
    Wojciechowski, A.
    Sobczak, N.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/379846.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    lutowanie bezołowiowe
    mikrostruktura
    właściwości mechaniczne
    lead-free solders
    microstructure
    mechanical properties
    Opis:
    The study includes the results of research conducted on selected lead-free binary solder alloys designed for operation at high temperatures. The results of qualitative and quantitative metallographic examinations of SnZn alloys with various Zn content are presented. The quantitative microstructure analysis was carried out using a combinatorial method based on phase quanta theory, according to which any microstructure can be treated as an array of elements disposed in the matrix material. Fatigue tests were also performed using the capabilities of a modified version of the LCF method hereinafter referred to in short as MLCF, which is particularly useful in the estimation of mechanical parameters when there are difficulties in obtaining a large number of samples normally required for the LCF test. The fatigue life of alloys was analyzed in the context of their microstructure. It has been shown that the mechanical properties are improved with the Zn content increasing in the alloy. However, the best properties were obtained in the alloy with a chemical composition close to the eutectic system, when the Zn-rich precipitates showed the most preferred morphological characteristics. At higher content of Zn, a strong structural notch was formed in the alloy as a consequence of the formation in the microstructure of a large amount of the needle-like Zn-rich precipitates deteriorating the mechanical characteristics. Thus, the results obtained during previous own studies, which in the field of mechanical testing were based on static tensile test only, have been confirmed. It is interesting to note that during fatigue testing, both significant strengthening and weakening of the examined material can be expected. The results of fatigue tests performed on SnZn alloys have proved that in this particular case the material was softened.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2017, 17, 1; 131-136
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Selected microstructural features affecting the shear strength of lead-free solders/substrate couples
    Autorzy:
    Pietrzak, K.
    Sobczak, N.
    Klasik, A.
    Kowalewski, Z.
    Kudyba, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243925.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    transport
    recycling
    environmental protection
    Opis:
    The results of shear strength investigations of the selected lead free-solders/substrate couples are presented. A modified shear test of a half of the lead-free solder/substrate couple has been proposed. A comparative assessment of the solder droplet size effect as well as a composition of intermetallic layer and its morphology is presented. The results achieved provide the explanation of the mechanism of solder droplet size influence on the joint quality. If the lead-free solder droplet is bigger, the time of its solidification is longer, and consequently, the varied droplet structure can be observed. In the case of a bigger droplet size, its microstructure close to the surface is composed of the crystals orientated in the same direction as the heat transfer. The layer of directionally solidified crystals weakens the joint. A morphology of the selected intermetallic layers was presented as the second problem of couples quality. In comparison to the locally discontinuous layer, the higher shear strength was obtained in the case of continuous intermetallic layer. The paper contains the results of: wettability, microstructure of soldered joints (lead free solder/Cu substrate) and shear tests investigations. The results make possible to formulate the following remarks and conclusions: the lowest shear strength was observed for the joint of pure Sn with Cu substrate, the highest shear strength was observed for the joint of SnBi solder with Cu substrate; practically, two times higher than for pure Sn with Cu substrate and solder SnIn with Cu substrate or solder SnZn with Cu substrate, in the case of double alloys SnZn the lower contact angle results in higher shear strength, however, for remaining investigated alloys such tendency was not observed, the structure of the intermetallic layer on the border of the solder/substrate plays the essential role in the final shear strength of the received joint, the shear strength results characterize the small scatter what indicates the rightness of applied device design as well as correctness of sample preparation and measurement procedure.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 2; 371-376
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Microstructural Aspects of Fatigue Life of Sn-Zn Lead-free Solders with 1% of Ag Addition
    Autorzy:
    Pietrzak, K.
    Klasik, A.
    Maj, M.
    Sobczak, N.
    Wojciechowski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382245.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    lead-free solders
    microstructure
    mechanical properties
    lutowanie bezołowiowe
    mikrostruktura
    właściwości mechaniczne
    Opis:
    The article presents the study results of Sn-Zn lead-free solders with the various Zn content. The results concern the hypoeutectic, eutectic and hypereutectic alloys containing respectively 4.5% Zn, 9% Zn and 13.5% Zn. Moreover, these alloys contain the constant Ag (1%) addition. The aim of the study was to determine the microstructural conditionings of their fatigue life. In particular it was focused on answer the question what meaning can be assigned to the Ag addition in the chemical composition of binary Sn-Zn alloys. The research includes a qualitative and quantitative assessments of the alloy microstructures, that have been carried out in the field of light microscopy (LM). In order to determine some geometrical parameters of the microstructure of alloys the combinatorial method based on the phase quanta theory was applied. Moreover, for the identification necessities the chemical analyses in the micro-areas by SEM/EDS technics were also performed. Based on the SEM/EDS results the phases and intermetallic compounds existing in the examined lead-free solders were identified. The mechanical characteristics were determined by means of the modified low cycle test (MLCF). Based on this method and on the results obtained every time from only one sample the dozen of essential mechanical parameters were evaluated. The research results were the basis of analyzes concerning the effects of microstructural geometrical parameters of lead-free alloys studied on their fatigue life at ambient temperature.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2018, 18, 1; 87-92
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wybrane właściwości termofizyczne kompozytów aluminiowych poddanych wielokrotnemu przetopieniu
    Selected thermophysical properties of aluminium matrix composites subjected to multiple remelting
    Autorzy:
    Klasik, A.
    Sobczak, J. J.
    Pietrzak, K.
    Gazda, A.
    Sobczak, N.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/391696.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Odlewnictwa
    Tematy:
    kompozyty aluminiowe
    właściwości termofizyczne
    współczynnik rozszerzalności liniowej
    przewodnictwo temperaturowe
    przetapianie
    recykling
    aluminum composites
    thermophysical properties
    coefficient of linear expansion
    thermal diffusivity
    multiple remelting
    recycling
    Opis:
    W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań wybranych właściwości termofizycznych komercyjnych kompozytów F3S.10S, F3S.20S, F3S.30S o osnowie stopów aluminium zbrojonych cząsteczkami SiC zawierających odpowiednio 10%, 20% i 30% obj. cząsteczek SiC. Kompozyty poddano dziewięciokrotnemu przetopowi. Określono zmiany współczynnika rozszerzalności liniowej oraz zmiany przewodnictwa temperaturowego w zależności od zawartości zbrojenia oraz liczby przetopów. Wykazano, że wraz ze wzrostem zawartości zbrojenia obniżają się wartości współczynników rozszerzalności cieplnej, natomiast dziewięciokrotny przetop nie powoduje istotnych zmian ich wartości. Stwierdzono także, iż wzrost temperatury wywołuje istotne zmniejszenie wartości współczynnika przewodnictwa temperaturowego badanych materiałów.
    This article presents the results of research on selected thermophysical properties of the commercial F3S.10S, F3S.20S, F3S.30S metal matrix composites (MMCs) based on the Al359 alloy matrix reinforced with SiC particles added in an amount of 10 vol%, 20 vol% and 30 vol%, respectively. The composites were subjected to the repeated process of remelting (9 remelts altogether). Changes in the coefficient of linear expansion and thermal diffusivity were determined in function of the reinforcing phase content and number of the successively repeated remelting operations. It has been proved that the increasing content of the reinforcing phase causes a decrease in the coefficient of thermal expansion, whereas the nine times repeated remelting operation does not change in any major way these values. It was also stated that temperature increase was responsible for a significant decrease of the thermal diffusivity of the investigated materials.
    Źródło:
    Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa; 2012, 52, 4; 41-51
    1899-2439
    Pojawia się w:
    Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Badania stabilności zawiesiny metalowo-ceramicznej po wielokrotnym przetopie kompozytu na bazie stopu aluminium A359 zbrojonego cząsteczkami Al2O3
    Stability of metal-ceramic slurry after multiple re-melting of A359 aluminum alloy based composite reinforced with Al2O3 particles
    Autorzy:
    Pietrzak, K.
    Sobczak, N.
    Sobczak, J. J.
    Klasik, A.
    Kudyba, A.
    Darłak, P.
    Długosz, P.
    Wojciechowski, A.
    Sienicki, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/391876.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Odlewnictwa
    Tematy:
    kompozyty
    recykling
    wielokrotny przetop
    stabilność zawiesiny metalowo-ceramicznej
    metoda kropli leżącej
    metal matrix composites
    recycling
    multiple re-melting
    stability of metal-ceramic slurry
    sessile drop method
    Opis:
    Metodę kropli leżącej zaadaptowano do badań wpływu wielokrotnego przetapiania i odlewania metalowych materiałów kompozytowych na strukturalną stabilność zawiesiny metalowo-ceramicznej. Do badań stosowano komercyjny kompozyt o osnowie stopu aluminium A359 (AlSiMg) firmy DURALCAN zawierający ok. 20% obj. cząsteczek tlenku glinu. Kompozyt poddano 10-krotnemu przetopieniu i odlewano, stosując dwa procesy znacznie różniące się czasem krzepnięcia zawiesiny metalowo-ceramicznej, tj. odlewanie grawitacyjne oraz prasowanie w stanie ciekłym (squeeze casting). Próbki kompozytu po każdorazowym cyklu przetopu i odlewania poddano badaniom wysokotemperaturowym na podłożu z tlenku glinu w próżni w temperaturze 850°C w ciągu 30 min. Zarówno bezpośrednia obserwacja zachowania próbek kompozytu podczas ich nagrzewania, jak i analiza strukturalna zakrzepłych próbek wykazała, że podczas topienia powstająca kropla zawiesiny metalowo-ceramicznej nie ulega rozwarstwianiu i zachowuje stabilność w badanym okresie czasowym, niezależnie od liczby przeprowadzonych przetopów i zastosowanego następnie sposobu odlewania kompozytu. Uzyskane wyniki potwierdzają dotychczasowe badania wskazujące na możliwość wielokrotnego przetapiania i ponownego odlewania kompozytów metalowych bez istotnej utraty ich właściwości użytkowych. Stwierdzona wysoka stabilność pierwotnej jednorodności zawiesiny metalowo- -ceramicznej upoważnia do zakwestionowania powszechnie akceptowanej tezy o nieprzydatności odlewanych kompozytów metalowych do recyklingu.
    The sessile drop method was adopted to investigate the effect of multiple re-melting and casting of metal matrix composite on the structural stability of metal-ceramic slurry. Commercial aluminum matrix composite made of the A359Al alloy reinforced with about 20 vol. % Al2O3 particles was produced by DURALCAN and next re-melted and recast ten times using two casting methods, i.e. conventional gravity casting and squeeze casting. The samples taken from all composite ingots produced after every cycle of re-melting and re-casting were used for high temperature tests at a temperature of 850°C for 30 min, under vacuum conditions. Both direct observations of the behavior of composite samples placed on alumina substrates during their contact heating and at the test temperature as well as the detailed structural characterization of solidified droplets have shown high structural stability of the metalceramic slurry, irrespective of the number of re-melts and type of casting process used afterwards. The high stability of the originally obtained composite microstructure in each subsequent re-melting step in this study also entitles one to question the widely accepted opinion on the difficulties with re-melting of cast composites, and thus their unsuitability for recycling.
    Źródło:
    Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa; 2017, 57, 2; 69-84
    1899-2439
    Pojawia się w:
    Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8

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