Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

English (EN)·Polski (PL)·Yкраїнський (UK)
Przejdź do strony domowej biblioteki Centralna Biblioteka Wojskowa Link otwiera się w nowym oknie Logo biblioteki Prolib Integro - strona głównaCentralna Biblioteka Wojskowa

Wyszukujesz frazę "Spitsbergen" wg kryterium: Temat

  Lista filtrów
Wyrównaj
    Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9
    Tytuł:
    Warunki meteorologiczne na Kaffiöyrze (NW Spitsbergen) w okresie od 13 lipca do 9 września 1999 roku
    Meteorological conditions at Kaffiöyra (Nw Spitsbergen) in the period 13.07 - 9.09.1999
    Autorzy:
    Kejna, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/261063.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2000
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
    Tematy:
    pomiary meteorologiczne
    Równinia Kaffiöyra
    Spitsbergen
    warunki meteorologiczne
    Opis:
    The meteorological investigations were carried out in the summer season of 1999 (from July 13 to September 9) during XVIIth, Polar Expeditions of Nicholas Copernicus University. Area, range and methodology of measurement were continuations of investigations made during the previous expeditions. The main meteorological observations were conducted in Polar Station of N. Copernicus University (φ = 78°41 'N, λ=1l°51 'E, h = 11.5 m a.s.l.), situated in northern part of the Kaffiöyra (NW Spitsbergen). Moreover on Waldemar Glacier were carried out registration of air temperature. air humidity and precipitations (3 stands). In the paper are presented the results of the base station. In summer 1999 the weather on Spitsbergen was governed by cyclones (52%) moved on the east from Iceland depression and anticyclone situated on Barents Sea (45%). Frequency of air masses advection from east and north was greater than during previous expeditions. At the second decade of July weather was very warm (maximum of air temperature 18.1 °C) and sunny (82.7 hours). The high temperatures occurred during foehn phenomena. The comparison between summer season 1999 and mean values from the years 1975-1999 in the common period (21.07-31.08) shows that this season was characterised by cloudiness (8.9) greater than mean many years' values, sunshine duration (150.1 hours), air humidity (85%) and wind velocity (3.8 m/s) below norm and air temperature (4.9°C) near mean many years’ values. In summer 1999 there weren 't frosty days and snow cover.
    Źródło:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2000, 10; 93-110
    1234-0715
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Warunki meteorologiczne na Lodowcu Waldemara (NW Spitsbergen) w sezonie letnim 1999 roku
    Meteorological conditions on the Waldemar Glacier (NW Spitsbergen) in summer season 1999
    Autorzy:
    Kejna, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260965.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2001
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
    Tematy:
    Lodowiec Waldemara
    Spitsbergen
    cyrkulacja atmosfery
    Waldemar Glacier
    atmospheric circulation
    Opis:
    The meteorological measurements were carried out on NW Spitsbergen on the Waldemar Glacier (surface 2.66 km2) in three points: ATA (133 m a.s.l., marginal zone), LW1 (130 m a.s.l., snout of glacier), LW2 (380 m a.s.l., firn part). The base station of Toruń Polar Expedition is situated on the north part of Kaffioyra (KH, 11 m a.s.l.), about 3 km away from glacier. The air temperature and relative air humidity were measured by termohigrographs in standard meteorological boxes, and precipitation by Hellmanns pluwiometer in the period 14.07-8.09.1999. The weather conditions on the Kaffiöyra region are determined by solar and circulation factors. In the summer season 1999 north and east advection of air masses dominated. The meteorological conditions on Waldemar Glacier are formed by the influence of two contrasting environments: the glacier and its moraine foreground. The mean air temperature in summer 1999 at the Kaffiöyra equaled 5.4°C and at the moraine of the Waldemar Glacier (ATA) 5.2°C. On the glacier the air temperature was much lower, and on the snout (LW1) was 4.5°C and decreases with the altitude (LW2 3.2°C) . The average gradient of air temperature between LW1 and LW2 stands was 0.53°C/100 m. Between the warmed up dark moraine ground (ATA) and the melted surface of the glacier a ?thermal jump? occurred (0.4°C on the distance 160 m). The highest maximum of air temperature at KH was 18.1°C, and on the Waldemar Glacier 16.4°C (LW1) and 16.5°C (LW2). The relative air humidity on Spitsbergen are formed under the influence of oceanic water and foehn phenomena. In summer season 1999 the mean relative air humidity was 84% at the Kaffioyra and increased with the altitude on the Waldemar Glacier (LW1 ? 86%, LW2 ?89%). In the period 21-07-31.08 at the Kaffioyra sums of the precipitation equaled 58.4 mm and on the glacier: 85.2 mm (133 m a.s.l.), 100,6 mm (233 m a.s.l.), 108.9 mm (380 m a.s.l.) and 131.8 mm (421 m a.s.l.). In summer season the meteorological conditions on the Waldemar Glacier show a large variability. It is a result of incoming air masses, warm from moraine foreground up the glacier and cool from the glacier plateau, from the interior of Spitsbergen.
    Źródło:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2001, 11; 55-65
    1234-0715
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zróżnicowanie opadów atmosferycznych w rejonie Kaffioyry (NW Spitsbergen) w sezonie letnim w latach 1980-2008
    Atmospheric precipitation differentiation in the Kaffioyra region (NW Spitsbergen) in summer season, 1980-2008
    Autorzy:
    Przybylak, R.
    Araźny, A.
    Kejna, M.
    Maszewski, R.
    Wyszyński, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260663.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
    Tematy:
    Spitsbergen
    Kaffioyra
    sezon letni
    opady atmosferyczne
    cyrkulacja atmosferyczna
    summer season
    precipitation
    atmospheric circulation
    Opis:
    W opracowaniu przedstawiono zróżnicowanie warunków opadowych w rejonie Kaffioyry (NW Spitsbergen) w sezonie letnim na podstawie danych z lat 1980-2008. Zbadano wpływ cyrkulacji atmosferycznej i warunków lokalnych na opady atmosferyczne. Uzyskane wyniki porównano ze stacją Ny-Alesund.
    Precipitation in the Arctic, including Spitsbergen, is very important for both the biosphere and for the mass balance of glaciers. Our knowledge about its values inside Arctic islands is limited because almost all meteorological stations are located on tundra below 200 m a.s.l. Therefore any information about precipitation conditions occurring on glaciated and non-glaciated areas lying in the inner parts of Spitsbergen is very valuable. In this paper we present results of precipitation measurements carried out in north-western Spitsbergen (the Kaffioyra region and the Ny Alesund station) in selected summer seasons during the period 1980-2008. Precipitation measurements in the Kaffioyra region have been done during Toruń Polar Expeditions in three stations (base station – Kaffioyra-Heggodden (KH) and two glacier stations located in the lower part (LW1) and upper part (LW2) (see Figure 1 and Table 1). Data for the Ny Alesund (NA) station were obtained from the Norwegian Meteorological Institute. In the KH and NA stations measurements were recorded every day, while in LW1 and LW2 they were generally taken every 1-2 days. Results of precipitation conditions are presented for a common period of observations, i. e. for 21st July-31st August. The influence of atmospheric circulation on precipitation was investigated using the catalogue of circulation types constructed by Niedźwiedź (2009). In the summer season precipitation is greater at the end of the study period, than at the beginning. Year-to-year variability of summer precipitation totals is very large. For example, in KH, the highest precipitation (122.5 mm) occurred in 1997, while the lowest (12.3 mm) was in 2007 (Table 2). Also, the frequency of daily precipitation (.0.1 mm) is significantly greater in most wet summer (61.9%) than in most dry summer (28.6%) (see Table 3). Daily precipitation of .10 mm is rare in the KH station and occurred in only 4 out of the 12 summer seasons. It is well known that precipitation is greater in the inner parts of Spitsbergen than in tundra areas. Less is known, however, about the magnitudes of these differences. For the Kaffioyra region precipi-tation observations are available for 9 summer seasons (Tables 5 and 6). From these Tables and Figure 2 it is clear that precipitation on glaciers is almost always greater than in tundra. On average, summer precipitation totals are greater in LW1 and LW2 than in KH by 21.5 and 35.1 mm, respectively. The greatest differences occurred in 1980, while the lowest were in 2007, when even in LW1 precipitation was lower than in KH (Table 5, Figure 3). Lapse rates of precipitation in the Kaffioyra region are greatest between tundra and glaciated areas (oscillating between 13.2mm/100m and 18.5mm/100m between KH and LW2 and KH and LW1, respectively (Table 7)). On the other hand, this lapse rate between stations LW1 and LW2 is the lowest (only 10.7 mm/100 m). Correlation coefficients of 10-day precipitation totals between the meteorological stations in the Kaffioyra region are very high and exceed 0.9. The greatest precipitation in the Kaffioyra region occurred during the inflow of air masses from the southern sector (Table 8, Fig. 7).
    Źródło:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2009, 19; 189-202
    1234-0715
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zróżnicowanie przestrzenne i wieloletnia zmienność temperatury gruntu w rejonie Stacji Polarnej UMK (NW Spitsbergen) w okresie letnim (1975-2009)
    Differentiation and long-term changes in ground temperature on the Kaffioyra plan (NW Spitsbergen) in the summer season from 1975 to 2009
    Autorzy:
    Przybylak, R.
    Araźny, A.
    Kejna, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/261005.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
    Tematy:
    Spitsbergen
    temperatura gruntu
    sezon letni
    zmienność wieloletnia
    ground temperature
    summer season
    long-term changes
    Opis:
    W artykule przedstawiono podsumowanie wyników badań dotyczących zmian temperatury gruntu w otoczeniu Stacji Polarnej UMK na Kaffioyrze (NW Spitsbergen) w sezonie letnim. Do analizy wzięto dane pomiarowe z 5 głębokości (1, 5, 10, 20 i 50 cm) z 3 różnych ekotopów (plaża, morena i tundra) wykonane w trakcie 17 dotychczasowych wypraw polarnych zorganizowanych przez Instytut Geografii UMK w różnych latach okresu 1975-2009. W celu uzyskania pełnej porównywalności wyników wybrano okres 21.07-31.08, dla którego dostępne są kompletne dane dla niemal wszystkich sezonów letnich analizowanych w artykule. Serie temperatury gruntu na wszystkich stanowiskach i poziomach są ze sobą bardzo silnie skorelowane. Wyraźnie największy wpływ na zmierzone wartości temperatury gruntu w całej badanej warstwie wywiera tempe-ratura powietrza (współczynniki korelacji wahają się od 0,6 do 0,86). Inne elementy meteorologiczne takie jak prędkość wiatru, zachmurzenie i usłonecznienie również w sposób istotny wpływają na temperaturę gruntu, ale głównie w warstwie 0-20 cm (współczynniki korelacji wahają się od 0,15 do 0,28). Istotny statystycznie, chociaż ilościowo bardzo niewielki, wpływ na temperaturę gruntu w warstwie do 20 cm ma także opad atmosferyczny.
    In the present paper a comprehensive synthesis of ground temperature changes on the Kaffiřyra Plain (NW Spitsbergen) in the summer season (21st July to 31st August) from 1975 to 2009 is described. This has been done with two main aims in mind: i) to examine the influence of different ecotypes on ground temperature values in the layer 1-50 cm, and ii) to examine long-term changes of ground temperature. The highest values of long-term average ground temperature in the summer season have been observed between 20th and 25th July. After this period a gradual decrease in ground temperature is observed (Table 2, Fig. 3). One clear cold singularity can be distinguished here occurring at the end of July and start of August which is connected with a significant decrease in air temperature observed very often during this time. In the period 1978-2009 the warmest ground in the entire analysed layer was observed at the ‘Moraine’ site (6.2°C), and the coldest was at the ‘Tundra’ site (5.1°C) – Table 3, Fig. 4. However, in the shallowest layer (up to 1 cm) markedly the warmest site was the beach, while the coldest was at a depth of 50 cm (Fig. 4). The reason for the large decrease of temperature in this layer was that this was where the permafrost roof was at its shallowest. As a consequence of this temperature behaviour in the layer, the ‘Beach’ site shows the greatest lapse rate of ground temperature (-0.78°C/10 cm) (Table 4). In the warmest summer seasons a greater range of ground temperature in the daily cycle is observed than in the coldest ones, which is very clearly seen, in particular in the layer from surface up to 20 cm (Fig. 5). In the study period a significant increase in ground temperature in the layer 1-20 cm was observed starting in 1998, while at a depth of 50 cm this rise can be seen from 2005 onward (Fig. 6). Very high and statistically significant correlation have been found between series of daily ground temperature taken from all sites and all measurement depths (Table 5). Air temperature is a meteorological variable, which has the greatest influence on the values of ground temperature. Correlation coefficients between series of its daily values and series of average daily ground temperature in all analysed depths at the ‘Beach’ site oscillate from 0.6 to 0.86 (Table 6, Fig. 7). Important factors controlling values of ground temperature in the layer 0-20 cm are also wind velocity, cloudiness and sunshine duration (correlation coefficients oscillate between 0.15 and 0.28).
    Źródło:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2010, 20; 103-120
    1234-0715
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zróżnicowanie wilgotności względnej i opadów atmosferycznych w rejonie Forlandsundet (NW Spitsbergen) w sezonie letnim 2010
    Differentiation of relative humidity and precipitation in the Forlandsundet region (NW Spitsbergen) in the summer 2010
    Autorzy:
    Araźny, A.
    Przybylak, R.
    Kejna, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/261033.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
    Tematy:
    topoklimat
    wilgotność względna
    opady atmosferyczne
    cyrkulacja atmosferyczna
    Spitsbergen
    Forlandsundet
    topoclimate
    relative humidity
    precipitation
    atmospheric circulation
    Opis:
    W artykule przedstawiono zróżnicowanie wilgotności względnej powietrza oraz opadów atmosferycznych w rejonie Forlandsundet (NW Spitsbergen) w sezonie letnim (21 VII - 31 VIII) 2010 roku. Do analizy wzięto cogodzinne dane wilgotności względnej (z 18 stanowisk) oraz sumy opadów atmosferycznych z okresów 1-3 dniowych (z 11 stanowisk). Dla obydwu badanych elementów meteorologicznych stwierdzono znaczne przestrzenne zróżnicowanie ich wartości uwarunkowane rodzajem podłoża, wysokością nad poziom morza, odległością od morza, ekspozycją oraz lokalną cyrkulacją atmosferyczną. Zbadano wpływ cyrkulacji atmosferycznej na wartości wilgotności względnej i opadów atmosferycznych korzystając z kalendarza typów cyrkulacji dla Spitsbergenu.
    In the paper some main results concerning spatial differentiation of relative humidity and precipitation in the Forlandsundet region (NW Spitsbergen) in summer season (21 VII - 31 VIII) of 2010 are presented (Table 1, Figs 1-2). For analysis hourly data from 18 and 11 sites, respectively for relative humidity and precipitation have been used. Relative humidity was measured using automatic weather stations Davis Ventage Pro2 and MadgeTech sensors. On the other hand, for measurements of precipitation Hellmanns' ombrometers and automatic weather stations Davis Ventage Pro2 have been utilised. Large spatial differences of relative humidity and precipitation noted in the study area were influenced by different factors, e.g. character of ground, altitude above sea level, distance from the sea coast, exposition to the sun and incoming air masses, and local atmospheric circulation. Highest mean values of relative humidity (94.6%) occurred at the site surrounded by the sea (Sarstangen Peninsula, SAT), while the lowest one (86.4%) at the site located 200 m from the Waldemar Glacier termini (ATA) (Table 3, Fig. 3). The first half of the day saw highest values of relative humidity than the second one (Fig. 4). The reason of this may be explained by the opposite daily course of air temperature. Daily courses are getting more and more clear in line with decreasing value of cloudi-ness (Fig. 5). In the Forlandsunet region most frequent were air masses which can be described as humid and very humid. Days with moderate dry and dry air were noted very rarely (Fig. 6). Relative humidity shows usually very high and statistically significant correlation between data from the analysed sites (Table 3). Weak and not statistically significant correlations (r < 0.3) were calculated only between the following pair of sites SAT-PH2 and SJ1-PH2. In the summer 2010 the lowest total of precipitation (8.5 mm) in the KH station, out of all Toruń Polar Expeditions since 1975, have been observed (Table 4). In the firn part of the Waldemar Glacier seasonal total of precipitation was 3-4 times greater than in sites located on coastal plains. In the Kaffioyra Plain and Waldemar Glacier region vertical lapse rate was twofold greater between KH and LW1 than between KH and LW2 (14.7 and 7.7 mm/100m, respectively). In the entire study area, highest summer total of precipitation occurred in the middle part of the Prins Karls Forland island. Relationships between atmospheric circulation and relative humidity as well as precipitation were investigated using data from the KH station and calendar of daily synoptic types for Spitsbergen constructed by Tadeusz Niedźwiedź (Table 5). The most humid conditions in the summer 2010 were observed during inflow of air masses from south-western direction (6.6% above summer mean), while most dry air (-9.7%) - from the north-eastern direction. Similar relationships have been found for precipitation. Analysis of relationships occurring between direction of winds and relative humidity data confirms also the above results. Highest values of relative humidity (>90%) were observed during winds inflowing from the southern sector, while the lowest ones - from the north-eastern direction (Fig. 7).
    Źródło:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2011, 21; 155-172
    1234-0715
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Air temperature and precipitation changes in the Kaffioyra region (NW Spitsbergen) from 1975 to 2010
    Autorzy:
    Przybylak, R.
    Kejna, M.
    Arazny, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11944.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    air temperature
    precipitation change
    Kaffioyra region
    Spitsbergen
    1975-2010 period
    climate reconstruction
    summer season
    meteorological element
    Opis:
    Air temperature and precipitation conditions in the Kaffiøyra region in the summer season (21st July–31st August) for the period of 1975–2010 are described: 1) on the basis of data gathered in 18 expeditions during which meteorological measurements were done, and 2) on the basis of complete series of data combining both original and reconstructed data. The latter ones were obtained using data from Ny Ålesund meteorological station, which are strongly correlated with the data from Kaffiøyra. Seasonal statistics presented for air temperature and precipitation based on these two sets of data reveal only slight changes. Temperature parameters (daily mean, maximum and minimum) for summer in Kaffiøyra in the study period (1975–2010) show upward trends, which are, however, statistically significant only for the daily mean. On the other hand, precipitation totals in the study period reveal a downward trend, but not statistically significant. Such thermal-precipitation behaviour in the study part of Spitsbergen in general terms is similar to those in other parts of Spitsbergen.
    Źródło:
    Papers on Global Change; 2011, 18
    2300-8121
    1730-802X
    Pojawia się w:
    Papers on Global Change
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Bilans radiacyjny w rejonie Kaffioyry (NW Spitsbergen) w sezonie letnim 2010 roku
    Radiation balance in the Kaffioyra region (NW Spitsbergen) in the summer season 2010
    Autorzy:
    Kejna, M.
    Przybylak, R.
    Araźny, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260983.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
    Tematy:
    bilans radiacyjny
    promieniowanie słoneczne
    promieniowanie atmosfery
    promieniowanie ziemi
    Spitsbergen
    Kaffioyra
    radiation balance
    solar radiation
    atmospheric radiation
    long-wave radiation
    Opis:
    W artykule przedstawiono wyniki rejestracji składowych bilansu promieniowania na 3 stanowiskach: Kaffioyra-Heggodden (KH), Lodowiec Waldemara-czoło (LW1) i Lodowiec Waldemara-pole firnowe (NW Spitsbergen) w okresie od 16.07 do 31.08.2010 r. Pomiary prowadzono przy pomocy Radiometru CNR4 firmy Kipp&Zonen. Co minutę rejestrowano natężenie promieniowania słonecznego K?, promieniowania odbitego (K?), promieniowania ziemi (L?) i promieniowania zwrotnego atmosfery (L?). Na tej podstawie obliczono bilans radiacyjny (Q*), składający się z bilansu krótkofalowego (K*) i długofalowego (L*). Stwierdzono niewielkie różnice pomiędzy stanowiskami KH i LW2 założonymi na podłożu morenowym. Najmniej korzystny Q* wystąpił na LW2 nad powierzchnią śnieżno-lodowcową charakteryzującą się wysokim albedo. W artykule zbadano zróżnicowanie przestrzenne składowych bilansu radiacyjnego z dnia na dzień oraz w cyklu dobowym.
    Measurements of radiation balance (Q*) were carried out in the Kaffioyra region (NW Spitsbergen) between 16 July and 31 August 2010 at three stations with different surfaces: KH on the glacial moraine of the Aavatsmark (11.5 m a.s.l.), LW1 - on the terminal moraine of the Waldemar Glacier (130 m a.s.l.), and LW2 - on the firn field of the Waldemar Glacier (375 m a.s.l.) - Fig. 1. A Kipp&Zonen CNR 4 Net Radiometer was used to register - minute by minute - the short wave radiation balance (K*), which is the difference between incoming solar radiation K? and reflected solar radiation (K?), and the long wave radiation balance (L*), which is the difference between downward long wave atmospheric radiation (L?) and upward long wave radiation (L?) - Table 1. In the studied period the maximum intensity of incoming solar radiation reached 709.4 W.m-2 at KH, 882.1 W.m-2 at LW1 and 836.2 W.m-2 at LW2. The mean diurnal sums of incoming solar radiation ranged from 11.04 MJ.m-2 at KH to 10.46 MJ.m-2 at LW1 and 10.60 MJ.m-2 at LW2 (Table 2, Fig. 2). The surface albedo varied, reaching between 13% (LW1) and 15% (KH) on the moraines, and up to 61% (LW2) on the firn field (Table 2, Fig. 3). Thus the lowest value of short wave radiation balance, +4.31 MJ.m-2, was registered at LW2, whereas it was doubled on the moraines: KH +9.50 MJ.m-2 and LW1 +9.09 MJ.m-2 (Table 4, Fig. 4). The flux of downward long wave atmospheric radiation coming from the atmosphere does not reveal any significant differences between individual stations: KH: 27.26 MJ.m-2, LW1: 27.47 MJ.m-2 and LW2 - 27.37 MJ.m-2 in 24h (Table 3). The Earth's surface (upward long wave radiation) was losing, on average: 30.31 MJ.m-2, 29.88 MJ.m-2 and 30.10 MJ.m-2, respectively, and the mean daily values of long wave radiation balance were negative: KH -3.05 MJ.m-2, LW1 -2.42 MJ.m-2 and LW2 -2.73 MJ.m-2. The surface radiation balance (Q*) was the most favourable on moraine bases: LW1 +6.67 MJ.m-2, KH +6.45 MJ.m-2, whereas the snow-covered firn field received the smallest amount of energy: LW2 +1.58 MJ.m-2 (Table 4, Fig. 5). In spite of the polar day, the diurnal cycle of the radiation balance components appears symmetrical with regard to the solar noon, related to the elevation of the sun over the horizon and the temperature of the surface and of the atmosphere. The flux of incoming solar radiation reached its peaks during midday hours with the following mean values: KH: 278.7 W.m-2, LW1: 275.9 W.m-2, and LW2: 295.2 W.m-2 (Fig. 6). At the time of lower culmination of the sun the values of K* were falling to zero. The balance of long wave radiation was negative and reached its highest values around midday hours (KH -50.0 MJ.m-2, LW1 -40.1 MJ.m-2 and LW2 -47.5 MJ.m-2). Q* was the highest in midday hours, when it was 2.5 times higher for moraine bases (KH +194.8 MJ.m-2 and LW1 +201.5 MJ.m-2) than for snow and glacial surfaces (LW2 +79.1 MJ.m-2). At low elevation of the sun Q* became negative: KH -6.8 MJ.m-2, LW1 -5.4 MJ.m-2 and LW2 -19.4 MJ.m-2. On individual days the diurnal cycle of the components of Q* was affected not only by the elevation of the sun, but also by the atmospheric state and the presence of clouds, in particular. For example, on 27 and 28 July 2010 a different weather types occurred (Table 5, Fig. 7). On the first day the sky was completely overcast with St and Sc clouds and no sunshine was observed. On the following day it cleared up with partial cloudiness (Cu, Ac, Ci), and the sunshine duration reached 16.2 h. On 27 July a slight influx of incoming solar radiation was registered (mean intensity 68.6 W.m-2, diurnal sum 5.92 MJ.m-2), K* was 5.14 MJ.m-2, and L* -0.84 MJ.m-2 due to the total cloudiness, which supported substantial downward atmospheric radiation (downward long wave atmospheric radiation 339.3 W.m-2). On the other hand, on 28 July, when the amount of cloudi-ness was moderate, the maximum intensity of incoming solar radiation was 668.7 W.m-2. In 24 hours the total radiation that reached the surface amounted to 22.04 MJ.m-2, and K* increased to 18.90 MJ.m-2. L* was negative (-5.26 MJ.m-2) due to substantial radial emittance of the ground (upward long wave radiation 352,0 W.m-2) and some downward atmospheric radiation (downward long wave atmospheric radiation 291.1 W.m-2). However, the overall radiation balance was three times higher than on 27 July and amounted to 13.65 MJ.m-2. In the studied period, the individual components of Q* were decreasing in value, as a result of the lower and lower elevation of the sun over the horizon and the ending of the polar day.
    Źródło:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2011, 21; 173-186
    1234-0715
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Warunki topoklimatyczne w sezonach letnich w rejonie Kaffioyry (NW Spitsbergen) w latach 2005-2009
    Topoclimatic conditions in summer seasons in the Kaffioyra region (NW Spitsbergen) in the years 2005-2009
    Autorzy:
    Kejna, M.
    Przybylak, R.
    Araźny, A.
    Jankowska, J.
    Maszewski, R.
    Wyszyński, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/261009.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
    Tematy:
    Spitsbergen
    Kaffioyra
    topoklimat
    temperatura powietrza
    wilgotność względna
    kierunek i prędkość wiatru
    topoclimat
    air temperature
    relative humidity
    wind direction and speed
    Opis:
    W artykule przedstawiono zróżnicowanie temperatury i wilgotności względnej powietrza oraz kierunku i prędkości wiatru w rejonie Kaffioyry (NW Spitsbergen) w sezonach letnich 2005-2009. Na podstawie pomiarów w 8 punktach stwierdzono znaczne różnice topoklimatyczne uwarunkowane rodzajem podłoża, wyso-kością nad poziom morza, odległością od morza, ekspozycją oraz lokalną cyrkulacją atmosferyczną. W rejonie Kaffioyry często występują sytuacje inwersyjne, związane nie tylko ze stratyfikacją termiczno-wilgotnościową napływających mas powietrza, ale również oddziaływaniem czynników lokalnych. Zróżnicowanie topoklima-tyczne zmienia się w zależności od stopnia zachmurzenia i pory doby oraz w czasie formowania się wiatrów lokalnych (wiatry lodowcowe i fenowe).
    The paper presents the spatial differentiation of the meteorological conditions in the summer seasons in the Kaffiřyra in the period 2005-2009. The meteorological measurement points (4 automatic weather stations and 4 electronic devices measuring temperature and humidity, 2 m a.g.l.) were located on the Kaffiřyra Plain (KH) on the Waldemar Glacier area (ATA, LW1, LW2) and on the mountains: Kuven (KU), Grĺfjellet (GF) and Prins Heinrichfjella (PH1, PH2). The analysed five seasons had changeable weather conditions dependent on types of synoptic situations. The highest air temperatures were recorded on the coast (KH 5.8°C) and on the marginal zone of the Waldemar Glacier (ATA 5.1°C). On the glaciated area air temperature is decreasing with the altitude (LW2 2.9°C). The largest temperature lapse-rate is recorded at the transitional area between the glacier and its marginal zone. Growing altitude lowers air temperature on the mountain ridges (GF 4.0°C, PH2 3.6°C), but temperature inversions are recorded quite frequently in the region. Relative air humidity is high due to low temperature and large frequency of occurrence of maritime air masses. The highest mean relative air humidity was recorded on the coast (KH 88%) and on the firn field of the Waldemar Glacier (LW2 84%) as well as on the mountain ridges (PH2 92%). The course of the relative humidity is significantly influenced by foehn winds. Wind directions and velocity in the study area are strongly dependent on the synoptic situation and influence of local factors, mainly orography (foehn winds). Wind regime in the Waldemar Glacier significantly differs from that observed in the Kaffiřyra (here the tunnel effect is observed as a consequence of the narrow Forlandsundet, presences to the abovementioned plain), mainly due to katabatic winds occurrence.
    Źródło:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2010, 20; 63-81
    1234-0715
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zróżnicowanie temperatury i wilgotności wyględnej powietrza w rejonie Kaffiøyry (NW spitsbergen) w sezonie letnim 2014 roku
    Spatial differentiation of air temperature and relative air humidity in the Kaffiøyra region (NW Spitsbergen) in summer season 2014
    Autorzy:
    Kejna, M.
    Ulandowska-Monarcha, P.
    Strzyżewski, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260765.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
    Tematy:
    pionowe gradienty temperatury powietrza
    pionowe gradienty wilgotności powietrza
    stany równowagi termodynamicznej atmosfery
    topoklimat
    Kaffiøyra
    Spitsbergen
    lapse rate of air temperature and relative humidity
    thermodynamic equilibrium state
    topoclimate
    Kaffioyra
    Opis:
    W artykule przedstawiono zróżnicowanie przestrzenne temperatury oraz wilgotności powietrza w rejonie Kaffiøyry (NW Spitsbergen) w sezonie letnim 2014 r. Na podstawie pomiarów na stanowiskach położonych na różnych wysokościach nad poziomem morza przeanalizowano zmiany temperatury i wilgotności powietrza w pionie, obliczono pionowe gradienty tych elementów. Uzyskane wyniki odniesiono do pionowych sondaży atmosfery wykonywanych w pobliskiej stacji w Ny Ålesund. Temperatura oraz wilgotność względna powietrza wykazują znaczne zróżnicowanie przestrzenne. Relacje między stanowiskami zmieniają się z dnia na dzień w zależności od rodzaju mas powietrza oraz zachmurzenia. Stwierdzono również zmienność pionowych gradientów temperatury i wilgotności względnej powietrza w cyklu dobowym.
    This article presents the spatial diversity of temperature and relative humidity of the air in the area of Kaffiøyra (NW Spitsbergen). In the summer season of 2014 (21 July – 31 August), observations were carried out at 9 measurement points equipped with temperature and humidity recorders. The points were located in two terrain profiles: the mountains where the highest point was situated at 590 m a.s.l. in the Prins Heinrichfjella range and from the terminal moraines to the firn field (375 m a.s.l.) of the Waldemar Glacier. On the basis of the measurements taken at the sites situated at different absolute heights vertical changes in air temperature and humidity were analysed and lapse rate of air temperature gradients were determined. The results were referenced to vertical atmospheric soundings carried out at the nearby station in Ny Ålesund. The air over NW Spitsbergen (Ny Ålesund) demonstrated a mean vertical lapse rate of 0.61˚C/100 m at the atmospheric layer up to six or seven hundred metres. On most days normal stratification was observed, where temperature fell with height, on 3 days a ground-level air temperature inversion occurred and on 9 days a temperature inversion occurred in the free troposphere. In the area of Kaffiøyra, air temperature decreased with height from 5.5°C on the coast (KH) to 2.5°C at 590 m a.s.l. (PH2). On the Waldemar Glacier, the mean air temperature ranged from 5.0°C on the moraines (ATA) to 3.6°C on the firn field (LW2). The relationship between the sites changed on a daily basis, depending on the cloud amount, insolation and local circulation (e.g. connected with the influence of foenic wind). Averaged lapse rate in relation to the coast (KH) reached between 0.84°C/100 m (LW1-KH) and 0.39°C/100 m (KU-KH) or 0.40°C/100 m (ATA-KH). The mountain tops (PH1 and PH2) are also distinguished by their smaller lapse rate. An inversion in the vertical distribution of air temperature was also frequent and, for example, at the KT site it occurred at 33.9% of the hours and at 28.7% at ATA. On the Waldemar Glacier, inversion occurred at a frequency of 16.3% at its front (LW1) to 8.8% at its firn field (LW2). On the mountain tops, the inversion occurred at a frequency of 18% (PH2). The relative humidity of the air over Spitsbergen is high due to the prevalence of maritime air masses. According to the soundings conducted at Ny Ålesund, the humidity increased with the height, however in 13 cases a vertical inversion of relative humidity occurred – the overground air layers proved more saturated with water vapour. On Kaffiøyra, the average relative humidity of the air was 87.7% and increased up to approx. 500 m, above which it slightly dropped. This results from a high frequency of occurrence of Stratus clouds which do not reach the higher tops. The vertical gradients of relative humidity were diverse: at most sites, the relative humidity increased with the height, for example at the PH1 site, the gradient was 3.12%/100 m. A greater diversity of the relative humidity was typical of the hours around midday.
    Źródło:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2015, 25; 211-226
    1234-0715
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9

      Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies