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    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    Effects of conventional and reduced tillage technologies on basic soil chemical properties
    Autorzy:
    Pollakova, N.
    Simansky, V.
    Jonczak, J.
    Parzych, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1192039.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie / Polskie Towarzystwo Magnezologiczne im. Prof. Juliana Aleksandrowicza
    Tematy:
    base saturation
    hydrolytic acidity
    pH
    soil organic matter
    tillage systems
    Opis:
    Since tillage technologies considerably influence soil properties and have a major impact on soil sustainability, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of conventional (CT) and reduced (RT) tillage on basic soil chemical properties at selected Slovak agricultural farms. Subsequently, the relationships between the chemical properties and soil organic matter (SOM) in both tillage technologies were ascertained. Differences in soil properties between long-term RT and CT were investigated at the adjacent plots on thirteen sites, where six soil pits were excavated on each RT and CT plots. Soil samples were collected from all pits, for each 0.1 m layers from the depth of 0.0-0.4 m. The results revealed that the regular overturn of topsoil, and thus the transfer of leached base cations to the surface layer, as well as deeper incorporation of crop residues and fertilizers in the soil cultivated conventionally has been manifested by higher values of pH, lower hydrolytic acidity (H) and the almost uniform content of base cations (mainly in the layer 0.0-0.3 m) compared to the soil cultivated by RT. Apart from H,, none of the examined sorption properties and pH differed significantly between the compared tillage technologies. Therefore, H can be considered as an important indicator of the change of basic chemical soil characteristics. While in RT, there was a significant correlation only between labile SOM fractions and basic soil chemical properties, in CT the sorption parameters and pH were influenced by labile and also stable SOM.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Elementology; 2020, 25, 3; 1101-1114
    1644-2296
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Elementology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Stability of soil aggregate in loamy soils of Slovakia
    Autorzy:
    Šimanský, V.
    Kravka, M.
    Jonczak, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1190164.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie / Polskie Towarzystwo Magnezologiczne im. Prof. Juliana Aleksandrowicza
    Tematy:
    soil organic matter
    water-stable aggregates
    threshold limit
    Chernozems
    Fluvisols
    Opis:
    Stability of soil aggregates is affected by dozens different factors and their individual effects are hardly discernable. For this reason, we investigated the structure of the top layer (to a depth 0.2 m) of loamy soils (Haplic Fluvisol, Mollic Fluvisol and Calcaric Chernozem), at three sites (Šulekovo, Trakovice and Bučany) in the north-western part of the Danube Lowlands (Slovakia) in order to: (1) evaluate the differences in soil organic matter (SOM), texture, water-stable aggregates (WSA) and content of SOM in WSA; (2) determine the relationships between SOM, texture and WSA; and (3) identify the threshold limits for soil organic carbon (SOC) and the particle-size distributions for stabilization of water-stable macro-aggregates (WSAma). We found significant effects of a soil type on both SOM and WSA as well as on the content of SOM in WSA. When all loamy soils were assessed together, positive significant correlations were observed between size fractions of WSAma >2 mm and the content of SOC and hot-water soluble carbon (CHWD). The content of WSAma 1-0.25 mm and water-stable micro-aggregates (WSAmi) correlated negatively with SOC and CHWD. The quality of SOM was more important than its quantity for the stabilization of WSAma at size fractions 1-0.25 mm and WSAmi. The content of clay improved the aggregation in size fractions of WSAma >2 mm in the investigated top layer of loamy soils. The maximum WSAma content occurred where the ratio of organic carbon content in WSAma to that in soil was ~1.0. The threshold limits for clay and silt content for the formation of WSAma were ~20% and equal to 43%, respectively.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Elementology; 2017, 22, 2; 581-592
    1644-2296
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Elementology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Effect of Different Doses of N Fertilization on the Parameters of Soil Organic Matter and Soil Sorption Complex
    Autorzy:
    Šimanský, V.
    Kováčik, P.
    Jonczak, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/124019.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
    Tematy:
    nitrogen
    fertilization
    Luvisol
    soil organic matter
    hydrolytic acidity
    cation exchange capacity
    Opis:
    Mineral N fertilizer application may have an effect on soil organic matter and other soil parameters. Therefore, we studied the effects of different doses of N fertilization on soil organic matter and chemical properties of Haplic Luvisol in the locality of Dolná Malanta (Slovakia) during 2014–2016. Soil samples were collected from the plots exposed to the following treatments: 1. N0 – no N fertilization as control during 2014–2016, 2. N40 – N fertilizer at the rate of 40 kg N ha–1 in 2014 and 2016, 3. N80 – N fertilizer at the rate of 80 kg N ha–1 in 2014 and 2016, 4. N160 – N fertilizer at the rate of 160 kg N ha–1 in 2015, and 5. N240 – N fertilizer at the rate of 240 kg N ha–1 in 2015. The results showed that in N80 the soil organic carbon (SOC) content increased by 32% in comparison to N0. The addition of 80 kg ha-1 of N significantly decreased the humic substances (HS) content in the soil by 16% compared to N0. The higher doses of N fertilization 80 rather than 40 kg ha-1 as well as 240 rather than 160 kg ha-1 significantly decreased humus stability. The addition of N fertilization decreased the average values of soil pH. Values of hydrolytic acidity (Ha) increased by 41% and 46% in N40 and N80, respectively than N0, but on the other hand, this one decreased by 36% and 27% in N160 and N240, respectively in comparison to N0. Positive statistically significant correlations were determined between soil pH and SOC in N40 and N80 treatments. The increase of soil pH was connected with higher humus quality in N160 and N240. Negative correlations between humic acids (HA) and sum of basic cations (SBC) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were observed in N80 < N160 < N240 treatments. Higher values of fulvic acids corresponded with lesser CEC in N80 and N160 treatments. In N160, with increased humus quality, CEC significantly decreased. The same effect was observed in N240. In addition, in N240, we also observed that with increased HA:FA ratio SBC and base saturation significantly decreased.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2017, 18, 3; 104-111
    2299-8993
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Soil organic matter properties in Stagnic Luvisols under different land use types
    Właściwości materii organicznej w różny sposób użytkowanych gleb płowych stagnoglejowych
    Autorzy:
    Jonczak, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/35937.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    soil
    organic matter
    soil property
    Stagnic Luvisol soil
    land use type
    organic carbon
    forest soil
    arable soil
    Opis:
    The aim of the study was an assessment of the influence of land use type on some properties of soil organic matter (SOM) and susceptibility to oxidation of organic carbon in Stagnic Luvisols in the area of the Sławno Plain. Soil samples from humic horizon were taken in five replications from six stands under different land uses – more than 100-year old beech-oak forest (BOF), meadow (M), arable field (AF), fallow (F), post-arable afforestation with 15 year-old birch (SAB) and 30-year-old alder (SAA). Soil samples were analysed for chemical properties with standard methods used in soil science, fractional composition of humus with Shnitzer method, absorbance ratios of 0.01% alkaline solutions of humic acids and suscetibility to oxidation of organic carbon with 0.033, 0.167 and 0.333 mol dm-3 KMn O4 solutions. The data obtained confirm a strong influence of land use type on SOM properties. Especially high differences were observed between forest soils, soils never used for agriculture, and arable or post-arable soils. Contribution of fulvic acids after dacalcification in total organic carbon (TOC) was the highest in the soils of fallow, slightly lower in secondary afforestation with birch and arable field, and much lower in the remaining stands. Some differences were also observed between the stands in the contribution of fulvic and humic acids in TOC. Humic acids predominated over fulvic acids in BOF, AF, F and SAB stands. Absorbance ratios of alkaline solutions of humic acids proves higher maturity of humus in stands under grass vegetation in relation to other stands. The content of KMnO4-oxidisable fractions of organic carbon varied among the stands, especially between forest and arable/post-arable soils. Statistically significant, positive correlation coefficients between the contribution in TOC of the most susceptible to oxidation carbon fraction and light absorbance ratios of alkaline solutions of HA indicate higher susceptibility to oxidation of young humic acids over more mature ones.
    Celem badań była ocena wpływu typu użytkowania gleb płowych stagnoglejowych na właściwości ich materii organicznej i podatność na utlenianie węgla organicznego. Badania przeprowadzono w jednym kompleksie gleb na obszarze Równiny Sławieńskiej. Próbki gleb z poziomu próchnicznego pobrano w pięciu powtórzeniach z sześciu w różny sposób użytkowanych stanowisk – ponad 100-letni las bukowo-dębowy (BOF), łąka (M), pole uprawne (AF), ugór (F), zalesienie porolne brzozą w wieku 15 lat (SAB) i porolne zalesienie olchą w wieku 30 lat (SAA). W próbkach oznaczono wybrane właściwości chemiczne stosując standardowe metody wykorzystywane w gleboznawstwie, a ponadto skład frakcyjny próchnicy metodą Shnitzera, absorbancję światła w 0,01% alkalicznych roztworach kwasów huminowych przy długościach fal 280, 465 i 665 nm oraz podatność na utlenianie węgla organicznego w roztworach KMnO4 o stężeniach 0,033, 0,167 i 0,333 mol·dm-3. Uzyskane wyniki potwierdzają silny wpływ charakteru użytkowania na zawartość, zasoby i właściwości materii organicznej gleb. Szczególnie duże różnice obserwowano pomiędzy nigdy nie użytkowanymi rolniczo glebami leśnymi a glebami uprawnymi i leśnymi porolnymi. W glebach leśnych obserwowano wyższe stężenia, ale około 2-krotnie mniejsze zasoby węgla organicznego niż w glebach rolnych i porolnych, które charakteryzowały się obecnością pouprawnego poziomu próchnicznego. Największe różnice pomiędzy stanowiskami obserwowano pod względem udziału w ogólnej zawartości węgla organicznego frakcji kwasów fulwowych wyizolowanych w trakcie dekalcytacji próbek. Największy udział był w glebach ugorowanych, nieco niższy we wtórnie zalesionych brzozą i pola uprawnego, i znacznie niższy na pozostałych stanowiskach. Mniejsze różnice obserwowano pod względem udziału w puli węgla organicznego kwasów fulwowych i kwasów huminowych. Na stanowiskach BOF, AF, F i SAB obserwowano ilościową przewagę kwasów huminowych nad fulwowymi. Współczynniki absorbancji alkalicznych roztworów kwasów huminowych wskazują na większą dojrzałość próchnicy na stanowiskach z diminacją lub znacznym udziałem roślinności trawiastej. Dodatnie, istotne statystycznie współczynniki korelacji pomiędzy udziałem najbardziej podatnych na utlenianie w roztworach KMnO4 frakcji węgla organicznego a wartościami współczynników absorbancji roztworów kwasów huminowych świadczą o większej podatności na utlenianie młodych kwasów huminowych niż bardziej dojrzałych.
    Źródło:
    Acta Agrophysica; 2013, 20, 4
    1234-4125
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Agrophysica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Właściwości materii organicznej gleb śródleśnych nisz źródliskowych w dolinie Kamiennej (Pomorze Środkowe)
    Properties of soil organic matter in soils of mid-forest spring niches in the Kamienna Creek valley (Middle Pomerania)
    Autorzy:
    Jonczak, J.
    Parzych, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989393.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    Pomorze Srodkowe
    dolina Kamiennej
    nisze zrodliskowe
    gleby lesne
    materia organiczna
    stopien rozkladu masy torfowej
    odczyn gleby
    zawartosc wegla organicznego
    zawartosc azotu ogolnego
    sklad frakcyjny
    absorbancja promieniowania
    headwater areas
    histosols
    soil organic matter
    Opis:
    The paper presents the result of the studies on the properties of soil organic matter in Sapric Histosols associated with mid−forest spring niches in the valley of the Kamienna Creek, left bank tributary of the Słupia River (northern Poland). We sampled five soil profiles at the depth of every 10 cm until the mineral bed was reached. We analyzed degree of peat mass decomposition, reaction and the content of organic matter, total organic carbon and total nitrogen. Fractional composition of soil organic matter was analyzed with Schnitzer method. We measured the absorbance at wavelenghts of 280, 465 and 665 nm in 0.01% alkaline solutions of humic acids and the absorbance ratios A2/6, A2/4 and A4/6 were calculated based on these data. The studied soils consisted of strongly and moderately decomposed alder and alder−sedge peat, which contained 309.7−829.0 g/kg of organic matter. The soils were moderately abundant in nitrogen and were characterized by low variability in pH (pHH2O 5.6−6.9). Soil organic matter was dominated by humins, contribution of which ranged from 71.5 to 91.9%. Humic acids constituted 4.9−22.1%, fulvic acids 1.9−6.7% and the most labile organic substances extracted during decalcification of samples (Cdek) – 0.2−1.1% (tab. 2). The observed relatively low degree of humification and quantitative predominance of humic acids over fulvic acids are features typical for riparian organic soils. High values of absorbance ratios of alkaline solutions of humic acids (tab. 3) indicate predominance of aliphatic structures over aromatic in their molecules, which is typical for weakly humified organic substances.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2016, 160, 02; 135-143
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Porównanie zasobów materii organicznej oraz wybranych wskaźników stanu ekochemicznego gleb w zespołach Empetro nigri-Pinetum i Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis Słowińskiego Parku Narodowego
    Comparing Empetro nigri-Pinetum and Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis soils in terms of organic matter stocks and ecochemical indices in the Slowinski National Park
    Autorzy:
    Jonczak, J.
    Parzych, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1311665.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    ekosystemy lesne
    zespoly roslinne
    zespol Empetro nigri-Pinetum
    zespol Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis
    gleby lesne
    wlasciwosci fizyczne
    wlasciwosci chemiczne
    materia organiczna
    zawartosc wegla organicznego
    zawartosc azotu
    stosunek wegla do azotu
    odczyn gleby
    wlasciwosci sorpcyjne
    zawartosc metali
    metale
    formy biodostepne
    Arenosols
    soil organic matter
    sorptive properties
    nutrients
    aluminium toxicity
    Opis:
    We conducted comparative studies on soil organic matter stocks and indices of the soil’s ecochemical state under Empetro nigri-Pinetum (En-P) and Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis (Vu-Bp) in the Słowiński National Park. The investigated plant communities are associated with Arenosols that developed from eolian sands and are exposed to high groundwater levels. The presence of fossil Histosol at a depth of 75 cm in the Vu-Bp stand, which lies below the current groundwater level, is the factor that sets both stands apart. The fossil soil strongly differs from Arenosol in terms of its chemical composition. A high abundance of nutrients in bioavailable forms in the soil is one of the reasons for natural renewal of downy birch in the stand, which presence in turn affects the turnover of elements and the properties of Arenosol. The results of our studies confirm the existence of strong feedback between the soil and plant communities. Soils under the mixed pine-birch Vu-Bp stand are characterized by smaller stocks of organic matter and total organic carbon (TOC) contained in the ectohumus as compared to the soils under the pure pine En-P stand. The opposite is found in the humic horizon. Additionally, in the Vu-Bp stand we observed greater accumulation of total nitrogen (TN) in ectohumus, which is reflected in lower TOC:TN ratios. The contents of TN and TOC:TN ratios in humic horizons were similar in both stands. The soils under En-P were more strongly acidified, especially in O-horizons. Mineral horizons in both stands were characterized by a very small sorptive capacity, which increased in ectohumus and fossil soil. Significant differences between the stands were observed in the ionic composition of sorptive complexes. The soils under Vu-Bp stand were more strongly saturated with basic cations, predominantly calcium. In soil solums of both stands, we observed a deficit of bioavailable potassium and magnesium, which was partially compensated by significant amounts of these components in ectohumus and fossil soil in the Vu-Bp stand. Despite a strongly acidic pH, molar Ca:Al ratios suggest that there are no phytotoxic effects due to free aluminium in ectohumus, while they are unlikely in mineral horizons. The risk of phytotoxic effects is reduced by the influx of calcium from groundwater.
    Źródło:
    Leśne Prace Badawcze; 2015, 76, 4; 360-369
    1732-9442
    2082-8926
    Pojawia się w:
    Leśne Prace Badawcze
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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