Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

Wyszukujesz frazę "Borkowski, A" wg kryterium: Wszystkie pola


Wyświetlanie 1-12 z 12
Tytuł:
Testing the results of a passenger vehicle collision with a rigid barrier
Autorzy:
Borkowski, W.
Hryciów, Z.
Rybak, P.
Wysocki, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245925.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
road safety barrier
crash tests
computer simulation
LS-DYNA
Opis:
High accident index in Poland, including one of the highest death rates in EU, forces undertaking the intense works in order to improve traffic safety. Published road accident statistics indicate that the most dangerous accidents include a vehicle collision with a tree, post or other road object. The road safety barriers make the road infrastructure elements that can signiflcantly protect against that type of accidents. The work presents basie tasks and requirements imposed on the barriers. Problems related to a proper selection of the barriers have been also highlighted. The tools facilitating the barrier design include numerical modelling. The modelling has been done by means of the LS-DYNA software, using the finite element method. A general structure and a developed barrier model as well as vehicle model have been presented. The conditions of the numerical tests have been also specifled. The work presents the results of influence of car impact angle with a rigid safety barrier. Presented results refer to a car o f mas s of 900 kg, making a bas is for the tests of the limiting systems for several limiting levels: including normal limit N2 (according to EN 1317-2). Compared to standard requirements, the scope of numerical tests has been extended by other car impact angle values. The work presents vehicle trajectories and deformations of their bodies. It also includes examples of velocities and acceleration courses and acceleration severity indexes (ASI) calculated on their basis. Obtained results indicate that the barrier location angle has a high influence on the safety level ofthe car passengers as well as on the car motion trajectory after collision
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 1; 51-57
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Numerical research on the special container of increased technical and design requirements
Autorzy:
Rybak, P.
Borkowski, W.
Hryciów, Z.
Michałowski, B.
Wiśniewski, A.
Wysocki, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242624.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
numerical research
dynamical loads
simulation
Opis:
This paper presents issues related to the process of designing a 30-feet container to be used as a mobile laboratory for collecting the environmental samples and identification of biological threats. Tactical and technical assumptions for the container, taking into account the requirements of the transport and movement of the army at long distances and in the difficult areas by means of transport characterized by increased traction properties, made the starting point. A possible way of relocation on the land roads using commonly available and military means of transport, possibilities of loading and unloading using the autonomic system and automatic levelling system are described. It describes the process of creating the MES model of the supporting structure and assumptions taken for that purpose. The basic assumption included invariability of shape, geometry and dimensions of a container compared to containers recognized in the world as the standard ones. Some results of numerical calculations carried out at two stages are presented. At the first stage, the issues on the own values were solved. Frequencies of own vibrations and associated forms of vibrations were identified. At the second stage, forced container vibrations were analysed. Resistance calculations were performed for the supporting structure of the container in the aspect of evaluation of the strain condition of the whole structure, as well as its components for assumed load variants. A variability of resistance calculations takes into account such cases as the influence of the under-container trailer riding on the uneven ground, loading and unloading a container from a trailer using autonomous system, diversity of loads on the supports resulting from the change of the ground density under the supports. A preliminary analysis of container transport possibilities and transport unit traction properties have been also carried out.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 3; 347-352
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Studies on the effectiveness of the innovative road safety system
Autorzy:
Borkowski, W.
Hryciów, Z.
Rybak, P.
Wysocki, J.
Wiśniewski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242956.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
road safety barrier
crash tests
computer simulation
LS-DYNA
FEM
Opis:
The paper evaluates the effectiveness of the innovative road safety system equipped with prototype component segments composed of a body made of a plastic filled with reinforced concrete. Main advantages of the new safety barrier include increased resistance to corrosion as well as easy transport and assembly directly on a road section being secured. Model tests were performed on a car of 900 kg weight allowing for carrying out the TB11 tests according to the EN 1317-2 standard. LS-DYNA software was applied for modelling, using the finite element method. The work presents the numerical test results, trajectory of vehicle movement after collision as well as the concrete barrier displacement. It also includes examples of stress in steel bars and joint coupling. Detailed assessing of simulation test results were made on the basis of ASI, THIV and PHD index. They were calculated on the basis of velocity and acceleration courses of selected car bodywork points. Numerical test results confirm the fact that this system meets the normative requirements. They allow for qualifying that system for B impact severity level and W4 working width. The results presented in the paper make the initial stage of the study and further calculations will be oriented towards a possibility of meeting the requirements for higher restraint levels.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 2; 27-32
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Numerical simulation of the standard TB11 and TB32 tests for a concrete safety barrier
Autorzy:
Borkowski, W.
Hryciów, Z.
Rybak, P.
Wysocki, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247654.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
road safety barrier
crash tests
computer simulation
LS-DYNA
Opis:
The work presents the traffic safety issue related to a use of the road protective barriers. It describes a purpose and tasks that should be fulfilled by the safety system. Conditions of crash tests and their evaluation according to the requirements of the existing standard documents are also presented. The purpose of the work was to evaluate the influence of applied barrier type on the car collision process. A barrier composed of the segments that can move on the ground due to the impact force and a barrier fixed to the road surface were assumed for the model tests. The modelling was carried out by means of the LS-DYNA sofrware, using the finite element method. The tests were performed for two types of cars, mass of 900 kg and 1500 kg. The work includes the numerical test results, deformations of car bodies and barrier displacement. Examples of velocities and acceleration courses of selected vehicle elements and the ASI index, calculated on their basis, used for evaluation of the passenger danger level were also presented. Obtained results indicate a significant influence of the barrier installation method (joint with the road) on the collision process course and dynamic loads affecting the car passengers. They also indicate directions of safety improvement.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 4; 63-71
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Experimental research on the dynamic loads of the wheeled armoured personnel carrier
Autorzy:
Borkowski, W.
Hryciów, Z.
Michałowski, B.
Rybak, P.
Wiśniewski, A.
Wysocki, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243711.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
experimental research
dynamic loads
wheeled armoured personnel carrier
acceleration
vibrations
Opis:
The results of the experimental research on the influence of the special vehicle movement conditions on the body shell and the vehicle crew dynamic load will be presented in the paper. ROSOMAK Wheeled Armoured Personnel Carrier (Wheeled APC), the basic version, was the subject of the research. The research work was aimed at analysis of the dynamic loads resulting from the deterministic inputs and driving on the selected types of surfaces generating random kinematic inputs. The personnel carrier service conditions, measuring apparatus, and testing methods will be described. The vertical accelerations of the selected points of the vehicle, and deflection of the prime and second suspension of the vehicle left side were measured. The time and the acceleration RMS value spectrum charts for the selected implementations will be presented. The cumulative statistics will be shown in the form of a table. The conclusions regarding the influence of the road surface on the personnel carrier driver's working comfort will be formulated. The assessment of the suspension quality will be included in the conclusions. Driving on the smooth surface is comfortable. However, the road surface worsening causes decreased proficiency sense until the exposure limit boundary is reached when the vehicle drives on a poor quality cobble road with 50 km/h speed. The vehicle basic version is not fitted with the seats for assault troops, therefore the influence of the road irregularities on the centre of mass of the body shell, and the driver's and commander's seats were determined. It is recommended to make further tests on the personnel carrier combat and special versions.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 1; 69-76
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Badania eksperymentalne wojskowych pojazdów mechanicznych
Experimental investigations of military motor vehicles
Autorzy:
Rybak, P.
Borkowski, W.
Hryciów, Z.
Wysocki, J.
Papliński, K.
Michałowski, B.
Wiśniewski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/253134.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy TTS
Tematy:
pojazd wojskowy
badania
obciążenia dynamiczne
military vehicle
survey
dynamic load
Opis:
W ramach pracy prezentowane są wyniki badań eksperymentalnych dotyczących różnych prac naukowobadawczych wspartych wiedzą ekspercką, analizą dostępnych materiałów i studiami literaturowymi, które nie uwzględniają oddziaływania na pojazd wojskowy szeroko rozumianej problematyki wybuchu niekontaktowego. Przedstawiono wybrane wyniki badań obciążeń dynamicznych dla czołgów, bojowych wozów piechoty, kołowych transporterów opancerzonych i innych pojazdów wojskowych. Badania eksperymentalne realizowano zgodnie z obowiązującymi przepisami w MON z uwzględnieniem norm obronnych i oryginalnych procedur badawczych opracowanych przez zespół.
As part of the work presents the results of experimental investigations on various scientific-research works supported by expertise, analysis of available materials and literature studies that do not take into account the impact on the military vehicle the broader issue of non-contact explosion. The paper presents selected results of dynamic load for tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, wheeled armored personnel carriers and other military vehicles. Experimental investigations carried out in accordance with the applicable rules at the Ministry of National Defence, taking into account the defense standards and original research procedures developed by the team.
Źródło:
TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego; 2015, 12; 1327-1330, CD
1232-3829
2543-5728
Pojawia się w:
TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Studies on the supporting structure of the ”crossbow” rocket launcher in the aspect of improvement of its resistance properties
Autorzy:
Rybak, P.
Borkowski, W.
Hryciów, Z.
Michałowski, B.
Wiśniewski, A.
Wysocki, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243483.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
structure
dynamical loads
experimental research
numerical research
Opis:
This paper presents the results of the studies on a special vehicle Polaris Ranger 6×6 800 equipped with the ”Crossbow” antiaircraft rocket launcher, manufactured by TELESYSTEM-MESKO Sp z o. o. Implementation and Manufacture Centre. The supporting structure of the launcher made the main object of the analysis. The essential goal of that undertaking was to obtain a structure of resistance assuring reliable system operation in various conditions of use. In order to reach that goal, the experimental as well as the model tests have been performed on the launcher vehicle. The experimental tests were carried out during multi-variant rides on the paved roads and in the wilderness of significant level of unevenness. Significant information on the level, directions and nature of affecting dynamic loads and the effects of their influence on the vehicle elements. The analysis of obtained results also provided the data required for a development of a model of the object of the studies. A MES model of the object of the studies was prepared in the LS-DYNA system. A high pressure was put on modelling a complex chassis of the launcher and mutual reaction of assemblies and parts. A generalized issue on the own properties was solved – frequencies and associated forms of vibrations of own main assemblies were designated. Resistance calculations were carried out for assumed loads. In principle, loads imposed by normative requirements for a particular class of armament and military equipment were assumed. Loads resulting from potential conditions of use and installation on other carriers were also included. The tests were performed for various load variants. Sensitive elements of the chassis were modified and highly satisfying results were obtained. It gives a reason to think that the chassis is resistant to expected and difficult operation conditions and assures that the whole system will work reliably.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 3; 353-358
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The research on dynamic loads and traction properties of military vehicles in the aspect of improvement of their structures
Autorzy:
Borkowski, W.
Rybak, P.
Hryciów, Z.
Wysocki, J.
Michałowski, B.
Wiśniewski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247931.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
military vehicle
dynamic loads
traction
model tests
experimental tests
Opis:
Since the beginning of the 90’s, a scientific team in the Motor Vehicle and Transport Institute of the Mechanical Department in the Military University of Technology, has been involved in the model and experimental tests of the existing structures of the military vehicles (tanks, combat infantry vehicles and wheeled armoured carriers) in the aspect of their modernization. A part of works is related to the military vehicles included in the army’s equipment and the other parts are related to newly designed vehicles. In both cases issues related to the behaviour of selected assemblies and the whole vehicle, structure during threats posed by the reality of contemporary battlefield or armed symmetric or asymmetric conflicts are analysed. Selected effects of the tests and analyses will be presented mostly within the qualitative scope due to the data sensitivity. Contemporary design of military vehicles requires involvement of various research methods and specialized calculation software. The results obtained during performed various experimental tests make a valuable basis for verification of numerical models used in design process and multi-option simulation calculations.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2015, 22, 1; 37-46
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Experimental researches of dynamic loads of armoured personnel carrier and its crew during collision with rigid obstacle and all - terrain vehicle
Autorzy:
Borkowski, W.
Hryciów, Z.
Rybak, P.
Wysocki, J.
Wiśniewski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242892.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
armoured personnel carrier
dynamic load
dummy
crash test
passive safety
Opis:
The paper presents problems related to dynamic loads of armoured personnel carriers design as well as soldiers located inside them. During tactical operation, there is often the need for ramming other vehicles or terrain obstacles in order to provide road possibility. The lack in armoured vehicles, commonly used in cars crumple zones, will result in large values of accelerations. This can cause significant risk to the crews of vehicles. In order to assess the exposure of soldiers while overcoming terrain and engineering obstacles experimental studies were performed covering a carrier’s collision with a rigid barrier and ramming of all-terrain vehicle. In the paper the research conditions and used measurement equipment were described. A four-wheel SKOT personnel carrier and Tarpan Honker car, out of service, was used for the tests. The tests were carried out within the area of the Military Institute for Armoured and Automotive Technology in Sulejówek. During crash tests, anthropomorphic measurement equipment – Hybrid III 50th Male Dummy type – was used for recording the values of loads affecting the soldiers. The article presents some results of experimental studies. The values of the carrier’s body accelerations in driver’s and landing troop compartment were compared as well as dynamic loads of test dummies. The results obtained during vehicle ramming prove that these types of actions do not cause serious threats for the members of the carrier crew.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 3; 71-78
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Experimental researches of safety of armoured personnel carrier crew during collision with obstacle
Badania eksperymentalne bezpieczeństwa załogi transportera opancerzonego podczas zderzenia z przeszkodą
Autorzy:
Hryciów, Z.
Borkowski, W.
Wysocki, J.
Rybak, P.
Wiśniewski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/263268.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz. Przemysłowy Instytut Motoryzacji
Tematy:
HYBRID III
passive safety
dynamic loads
cash tests personnel carrier
bezpieczeństwo bierne
obciążenia dynamiczne
testy zderzeniowe
transporter opancerzony
Opis:
The paper presents problems related to dynamic loads of armoured personnel carriers design as well as soldiers located inside them. In order to assess the exposure of soldiers while overcoming terrain and engineering obstacles experimental studies were performed covering a carrier's collision with a concrete obstacle. The scope of the tests included a collision of the armoured personnel carrier with obstacle for two speeds: 6 and 12 km/h. During crash tests, anthropomorphic measurement equipment - Hybrid III 50th Male Dummy type - was used for recording the values of loads affecting the soldiers. During crash tests, two fast video cameras were used for recording motion of the carrier and obstacle's plates. The vehicle body accelerations were recorded as well. ln the paper the research conditions and used measurement equipment were described. Same results of experimental studies were presented. Typical phases of motions of dummies located in driving and landing troop compartment were presented. The values of the carrier's body accelerations in driving and landing troop compartment were compared, displacements of barrier's segments were described. Obtained results indicated that carrier's driver is subjected to higher loads. During crash test at law velocities, the limit values were not exceeded in any analysed case.
W pracy przedstawiono problematykę związaną z obciążeniami dynamicznymi, jakim podlega konstrukcja transportera opancerzonego, jak również znajdującej się w nim załogi w trakcie realizacji misji. W celu oceny narażenia żołnierzy podczas pokonywania przeszkód i zapór inżynieryjnych wykonano badania eksperymentalne polegające na zderzeniu transportera z barierą złożoną z płyt betonowych. Badania wykonano dla dwóch prędkości zderzenia: 6 i 12 km/h. Do badań użyto dwa manekiny badawcze Hybrid III, które umożliwiły m.in. pomiar przyspieszeń głowy oraz sił i momentów działających w górnym odcinku kręgosłupa. W trakcie badań rejestrowano ponadto przemieszczenia transportera i bariery za pomocą szybkich kamer jak również wartości przyspieszeń kadłuba transportera. W artykule scharakteryzowano użytą aparaturę pomiarową. Przedstawiono wybrane wyniki badań eksperymentalnych. Zamieszczono fazy ruchu manekina w przedziale kierowania i przedziale desantowym dla charakterystycznych momentów. Zestawiono wartości opóźnień kadłuba transportera w przedziale kierowania i przedziale desantowym oraz opisano przemieszczenia barier. Otrzymane wyniki wskazują, że większym obciążeniom podlega kierowca pojazdu. Dla analizowanych zderzeń z małymi prędkościami nie zaobserwowano przekroczenia wartości dopuszczalnych obciążeń.
Źródło:
Archiwum Motoryzacji; 2013, 3; 3-12, 87-96
1234-754X
2084-476X
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Motoryzacji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of the influence of concrete safety barrier segment length on road safety
Analiza wpływu długości segmentu betonowej bariery ochronnej na bezpieczeństwo ruchu drogowego
Autorzy:
Borkowski, W.
Hryciów, Z.
Rybak, P.
Wysocki, J.
Wiśniewski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1364492.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz. Przemysłowy Instytut Motoryzacji
Tematy:
passive safety
crash tests
concrete safety barrier
computer simulation
LS-DYNA
bezpieczeństwo bierne
testy zderzeniowe
betonowe bariery ochronne
symulacja komputerowa
Opis:
The paper presents problems related to road safety in terms of the development of the concrete barriers system, dispersing energy of car collision on the roads with high traffic and high accident risk. Particular attention was paid to barriers' basic parameters - weight and length of the segment. The main objective of the numeric researches was to assess the qualitative and quantitative effects of the car collision with a concrete road barrier in accordance with the standard EN 1317. To the model tests a 900 kg passenger car has been used which allowed to perform TB11 test according to EN 1317-2 standard (initial velocity - 100 km/h). Numerical studies were carried out for concrete segments lengths: 2, 4, 6, 8 m for two selected impact points. Detailed comparisons of simulation test results obtained for individual variants were made on the basis of the acceleration courses of selected car bodywork points, calculated indicators, the trajectory of vehicle movement after collision as well as on the basis of the behaviour of the concrete barriers.
Niniejsza praca stanowi rozwinięcie problematyki bezpieczeństwo ruchu drogowego w aspekcie opracowania systemu betonowych barier ochronnych, rozpraszających energią zderzenia samochodu na drogach o dużym natężeniu ruchu i wysokim zagrożeniu wypadkowym, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem jej podstawowych parametrów konstrukcyjnych (masy i długości segmentu). Głównym celem przeprowadzonych badań numerycznych było dokonanie oceny jakościowej i ilościowej skutków zderzenia samochodu z betonową barierą drogową zgodnie z obowiązującą normą EN 1317. Obliczenia przeprowa-dzono w systemie LS - DYNA wykorzystującego metodę elementów skończonych. Pojazd badany o masie 900 kg poruszał się z prędkością początkową 100 km/h, a następnie uderzał w system barier. Badania numeryczne zrealizowano dla segmentów betonowych o długościach: 2, 4, 6, 8 m, dla dwóch wybranych punktów zderzenia. Szczegółowych porównań wyników badań symulacyjnych, otrzymanych dla poszczególnych wariantów obliczeniowych, dokonano na podstawie przebiegów czasowych przyspieszeń wybranych punktów nadwozia samochodu, obliczonych na ich podstawie wskaźników, trajektorii ruchu pojazdu po zderzeniu, a także na podstawie zachowania się betonowej bariery ochronnej.
Źródło:
Archiwum Motoryzacji; 2014, 63, 1; 25-34
1234-754X
2084-476X
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Motoryzacji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Weryfikacja numerycznej symulacji przewracania autobusu według regulaminu 66 EKG ONZ
Verification of nymerical simulation of bus loss of motion stability according to ECE regulation 66
Autorzy:
Borkowski, W.
Hryciów, Z.
Muszyński, A.
Sokalski, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/210432.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego
Tematy:
analiza numeryczna
bezpieczeństwo bierne
regulamin 66 EKG ONZ
wytrzymałość konstrukcji autobusu
numerical analysis
passive safety
ECE Regulation 66
bus structural strength
Opis:
W pracy przedstawiono problematykę utraty stateczności poprzecznej autobusów. Omówiono wymagania zawarte w Regilaminie 66 EKG ONZ oraz metody przeprowadzania prób wytrzymałości konstrukcji. Przedstawiono także wyniki weryfikacji numerycznej symulacji przewracania autobusu.
In the paper, some problems of bus loss of motion stability were described. The investigation and design of the supporting structure in passive safety point of view were presented according to ECE Regulation 66. The verification results of numeric simulation of the bus roll over were presented.
Źródło:
Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej; 2006, 55, 3; 183-194
1234-5865
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
    Wyświetlanie 1-12 z 12

    Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies