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Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
Tytuł:
Support or Hindrance to Action? Spirit Fuel Blends in the Polish Oil Industry in the Interwar Period
Autorzy:
Grata, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31342788.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Instytut Polityki Energetycznej im. Ignacego Łukasiewicza
Tematy:
Second Republic
petroleum industry
spirit propellants
distillery industry
Opis:
The situation of the Polish oil industry after independence was difficult. Cut off from pre-war markets, the weakness of the internal market and increasing competition in external markets resulted in low profitability and a successive decline in production volumes. Competition also became a new threat from the state-backed distillery industry, which was pushing the concept of marketing fuel blends containing spirits. Their entry into the market, despite the objections of oil companies, meant that some gasoline had to be replaced with spirits and their ability to sell on the domestic market was limited. The negative effects of this were consistently raised by oil industry representatives. It wasn't until an improvement in the economy in the second half of the 1930s that a gradual change in the perception of spirit propelled blends appeared. Under conditions of growing domestic demand with relatively constant production volumes, a significant reduction in fuel exports became possible, and spirits were able to become a desirable additive to diesel blends, as evidenced by the increase in their purchases by oil companies.
Źródło:
Energy Policy Studies; 2022, 1 (9); 47-54
2545-0859
Pojawia się w:
Energy Policy Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The scope of responsibility of employers towards workers’ families in the Second Republic of Poland
Autorzy:
Grata, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/652668.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
labour market
the Second Republic of Poland
social security
Opis:
The aim of this article is the presentation of the scope of responsibility of employers towards workers’ families in Poland in the interwar period. The article also shows how those duties were fulfilled. This issue appeared in Europe with the development of social insurance programmes and labour laws. The Second Republic of Poland built its own legal system for employees’ families. It included health insurance and benefits, families’ pensions and funeral allowances. Certain obligations were also imposed on employers in the context of labour law. The most important was the obligation to open nursery schools for the children of women who worked in factories.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2017, 20, 7; 149-159
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Social privileges in the Second Polish Republic
Autorzy:
Grata, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1683779.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-04-09
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
social privilege
social security
health care
social care
the Second Polish Republic
Opis:
The Second Polish Republic developed an advanced and, in many ways, modern system of social care; however, the services which the citizens were entitled to seemed to be privileges available only to a small part of the population. The origins of this situation are to be found in the specific social and occupational structure of the population, low industrialization rate and the modest financial capabilities of the state and local governments. These resulted in a limited number of people with access to social insurances, a limited scope of public health care, a selective nature of access to unemployment insurance or radical differences in access to social care. And it is this unavailability of the social offer which determines the consideration of those benefits in Poland as privileges rather than commonly available rights of the Polish citizens.
Źródło:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae; 2015, 33; 19-36
0081-6485
Pojawia się w:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zakres odpowiedzialności pracodawców wobec rodzin pracowników w Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej
The Range of Responsibility of Employers Towards Workers’ Families in the Second Republic of Poland
Autorzy:
Grata, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/965215.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-05
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
labour market
the Second Republic of Poland
social security
J23
N34
Opis:
The aim of this article is the presentation of the range of responsibility of employers towards workers’ families in Poland in the interwar period. The article also shows how these duties were realised. This problem appeared in Europe with the development of a social insurance programme and labour law. The Second Republic of Poland built its own law system for employees’ families. It included health insurance and benefits, families’ pensions and funeral allowances. Certain obligations were also imposed on employers in the context of labour law. The most important was the obligation to open nursery schools for children of women who worked in factories.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2016, 19, 2
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Poland A and Poland B – Developmental Disproportions on Polish Lands in the 19th and 20th c. (Prior to 1939).
Autorzy:
Grata, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/960026.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego. Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie
Tematy:
developmental disproportions
Second Republic of Poland
Poland A and Poland B,
Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski
Central Industrial District
Opis:
The problem of developmental disproportions occurring within a state is not an uncommon phenomenon, and the case of Polish lands is one example of it. As a result of numerous disadvantageous conditions, Polish lands experienced dramatic developmental differences, which fully came to light in the interwar period, when the territories which had belonged to the three partitioners of Poland were incorporated into the Second Polish Republic. The disproportions were so deep that a much better developed Poland A and a much more backward Poland B (situated east of the Vistula River) were distinguished in the state. The scale of the differences was reflected in many economic and social indices, ranging from population density, to the degree of urbanisation processes and sources of population income, to the state of transportation infrastructure, to the involvement of workforce, to the production of basic goods. An attempt to reduce the disproportions was the establishment of the Central Industrial District in the mid-1930s and the Fifteen Year Plan for the state’s development prepared by Deputy Prime Minister Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski (1888–1974). These plans were thwarted by the outbreak of WWII, and the developmental disproportions on Polish lands, despite the post-war change of state borders, remain visible even today, especially in territories that were part of Poland B before 1939 (today Podkarpacie, Lubelskie, Podlasie Voivodeships).
Źródło:
Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia; 2018, 13; 33-48
2084-4409
Pojawia się w:
Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Krucjata antyalkoholowa w Sejmie Ustawodawczym i jej efekty (1919–1922)
The anti-alcohol crusade of the Legislative Sejm and its effects 1919–1922
Autorzy:
Grata, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/546788.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
Druga Rzeczpospolita
polityka społeczna
walka z alkoholizmem
Sejm Ustawodawczy
prohibicja
Second Polish Republic
social politics
the fight with alcoholism
the Legislative Sejm
Prohibition
Opis:
Walka z alkoholizmem była istotnym elementem polityki społecznej II Rzeczypospolitej, a u podstaw działań podejmowanych w tym kierunku legło tworzenie odpowiednich norm prawnych. Największe zasługi w tym względzie należy przyznać Sejmowi Ustawodawczemu, którego dziełem była pierwsza na ziemiach polskich ustawa przeciwalkoholowa. Sprawy krzewienia abstynencji i ograniczenia spożycia wyrobów spirytusowych w żadnej z kolejnych kadencji parlamentarnych nie znalazły już takiego zrozumienia jak w Sejmie Ustawodawczym, którego skład, struktura społeczna oraz podatność na tendencje abstynenckie skutkowały wyraźnie prohibicyjnym nastawieniem w kwestii konsumpcji alkoholu. Uprawniony wydaje się zatem wykorzystany w tytule niniejszego szkicu termin „krucjata antyalkoholowa”. Efektem podejmowanych w Sejmie Ustawodawczym działań stała się ustawa z 23 kwietnia 1920 r. wprowadzająca znaczące ograniczenia w sprzedaży napojów alkoholowych. Co więcej, przepisy ustawy dawały adherentom prohibicji nadzieję na stopniowe jej wprowadzenie w całym kraju. W toku zabiegów o wprowadzenie ograniczeń produkcji, handlu i spożycia alkoholu bardzo wyraźnie zarysował się konflikt między aktywistami walki z alkoholizmem a rządem, zwłaszcza Ministerstwem Skarbu. Ścierały się w nim z założenia słuszne idee z interesem budżetu państwa. W starciu tym zdecydowanie zwyciężyli zwolennicy ograniczeń w sprzedaży alkoholu, jednak ich zwycięstwo nie przełożyło się na praktykę, a ustawa z 23 kwietnia 1920 r. nigdy nie została w pełni zaimplementowana. Potwierdzeniem niepowodzenia jej twórców stała się przyjęta przez Sejm 21 marca 1931 r. ustawa o ograniczeniach w sprzedaży, podawaniu i spożyciu napojów alkoholowych (przeciwalkoholowa), która oznaczała oficjalny zwrot ku pragmatyzmowi w tej sferze życia społecznego.
The struggle against alcoholism was an essential element of social policy during the Second Republic, and at its heart were the creation of appropriate legal norms. The biggest contribution in this field was made by the Legislative Sejm, whose work became the first Polish anti-alcohol laws. The matter of the propagation of abstinence and the restriction of the consumption of strong alcohols never met with as much sympathy or understanding as it did during the term Legislative Sejm, whose membership, social structure and inclination towards temperance resulted in a clear prohibitionist tendency on the question of the consumption of alcohol related products. There would appear to be much justification in the titular ‘anti-alcohol crusade’. The results of the Sejm’s work was the passing of the Act of 23rd April 1920, which introduced significant limits on the sale of alcoholic drinks. Furthermore, the terms of the Act gave adherents of prohibition some hope of its gradual implementation across the country. During the phase of limiting production, sale and consumption there developed a highly visible conflict between activists fighting with alcoholism and the Government, especially the Treasury Minister. The clash centred around the conflict between ideals and the interests of the national budget. This conflict was won decisively by the supporters of limiting the sale of alcohol, although this victory brought nothing tangible as a result, and the Act of 23rd April 1920 was never fully implemented. The final confirmation of this failure was the passing of an Act of 21st March 1931 which limited the sale, serving and consumption of alcoholic drinks (anti-alcohol), which officially marked the return to pragmatism in this area of public life.
Źródło:
UR Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences; 2018, 8, 3; 5-25
2543-8379
Pojawia się w:
UR Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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