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    Wyświetlanie 1-12 z 12
    Tytuł:
    Choroba niebieskiego języka - osiągnięcia i porażki
    Bluetongue disease - achievements and failures
    Autorzy:
    Gliński, Zdzisław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22167150.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Krajowa Izba Lekarsko-Weterynaryjna
    Tematy:
    epidemiologia
    patogeneza
    objawy kliniczne
    zmiany anatomopatologiczne
    zmiany histopatologiczne
    rozpoznanie
    testy diagnostyczne
    profilaktyka
    szczepienia ochronne
    choroby zwierząt
    choroba niebieskiego języka
    wirus choroby niebieskiego języka
    bluetongue
    diagnostic tests
    immunization
    ruminants
    Opis:
    Bluetongue virus, BTV, (Orbivirus; Reoviridae), can infect many domesticated and wild ruminants including cattle, sheep, goats, various cervids and wildebeest. Bluetongue can be found on all continents except Antarctica. The virus is transmitted by the midges (Culicoides), the only significant natural transmitters of bluetongue. Multiple BTV serotypes can be found in many regions of the world. Serotypes 1, 8 and 26 can be transmitted between ruminants in close contact with blood and semen. Clinical cases of bluetongue occur mainly in sheep, while subclinical infections seem to predominate in most other species. Bluetongue virus can be found in blood from live animals and in spleen, lymph nodes or bone marrow samples collected at necropsy. RT-PCR tests are widely used to identify viral RNA in clinical samples, and identify the serotype. A variety of vaccination strategies are available for immunization of ruminant livestock against BTV infection. This article aims at presentation of achievements and failures in the worldwide efforts of bluetongue control.
    Źródło:
    Życie Weterynaryjne; 2020, 95, 10; 626-631
    0137-6810
    Pojawia się w:
    Życie Weterynaryjne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Choroba guzowatej skóry bydła
    Lumpy skin disease
    Autorzy:
    Gliński, Zdzisław
    Żmuda, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22373052.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Krajowa Izba Lekarsko-Weterynaryjna
    Tematy:
    choroby wirusowe
    etiologia
    owady
    stawonogi
    patogeneza
    objawy kliniczne
    rozpoznanie
    zmiany anatomopatologiczne
    zmiany histopatologiczne
    profilaktyka
    szczepienia ochronne
    bydło
    występowanie
    wektory wirusów
    choroba guzowatej skóry bydła
    źródła zakażenia
    postępowanie ze zwierzętami
    diagnostyka różnicowa
    lumpy skin disease
    clinic
    arthropod vectors
    vaccination
    Opis:
    This review aims to summarize the latest development in the epidemiology, pathology, clinic and control of lumpy skin disease (LSD), with the focus on its transboundary spread, possible emergence and economic implications for on cattle production. This notifiable disease is endemic in African and Middle East countries but has started spreading to Asia and south-east Europe, affecting Greece and Bulgaria and countries in the Balkans. Lumpy skin disease is mainly transmitted to infection-free areas by transport of infected animals and by virus vectors, as blood-feeding insects, such as certain species of flies and mosquitoes, or ticks. There is also growing importance of the spread of wildlife, the potential reservoirs of the disease. Generally, fever, anorexia, hypersalivation, lacrimation and characteristic eruptions with painful nodules within the skin, on the muzzle and within the nasal and buccal mucous membranes, on the udder, on genital and rectal mucous membranes. The severe drop in milk production, also abortions, infertility and sometimes death are the clinical manifestations of the disease in a herd. Although the mortality rate is usually less than 10%, the disease morbidity rate can be as high as 100%. The economic significance of LSD is of great concern, given that it threatens international trade and could be used as bioterrorism weapon. Vaccination, strict quarantine measures, limited movement of livestock along with vectors control could be effective for preventing the spread of the disease. Homologous vaccines are more effective than sheeppox virus strain vaccines.
    Źródło:
    Życie Weterynaryjne; 2022, 97, 05; 315-319
    0137-6810
    Pojawia się w:
    Życie Weterynaryjne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Czy wirus Lassa będzie najgroźniejszym zoonotycznym patogenem?
    Will Lassa virus become the most fearsome zoonotic pathogen?
    Autorzy:
    Gliński, Zdzisław
    Żmuda, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22339828.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Krajowa Izba Lekarsko-Weterynaryjna
    Tematy:
    objawy chorobowe
    patogeneza
    wirus Lassa
    epidemiologia
    zmiany anatomopatologiczne
    zmiany histopatologiczne
    rozpoznanie
    leczenie
    profilaktyka
    znaczenie zoonotyczne
    gorączka Lassa
    czynniki chorobotwórcze
    źródła zakażenia
    drogi zakażenia
    symptoms
    pathogenesis
    control
    Lassa fever
    Opis:
    Lassa virus (Arenaviridae), is the etiological agent of Lassa fever, a severe human disease with high mortality rates for hospitalized patients. Lassa fever can be difficult to distinguish clinically from other viral hemorrhagic fevers. The virus is initially spread to people via contact with urine or feces of an infected multimammate mouse and rat, that remain carriers for life. Once infected, people may transmit Lassa virus in both community and health care settings, by contaminated medical equipment and direct contact with bodily secretions. About 15–20% of hospitalized people with Lassa fever will die from the illness. However, many infected people do not develop symptoms, which typically include fever, headache, vomiting and muscles pain. The main feature of fatal illness is impaired or severely delayed cell mediated immunity leading to fulminant viremia. Early recognition and initiation of targeted care increase patients surviving rates. Lassa fever is diagnosed by ELISA, which may detect IgM and IgG antibodies as well as Lassa virus antigen and RT-PCR used in the early stage of disease. There is currently no licensed vaccine against Lassa fever, and the only treatment available is based on ribavirin. In this article epidemiological aspects as well as diagnostics approaches are presented and discussed in the context of possibly increasing the public health threat with Lassa fever in European countries.
    Źródło:
    Życie Weterynaryjne; 2022, 97, 04; 245-249
    0137-6810
    Pojawia się w:
    Życie Weterynaryjne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Udział grzybów z rodzaju Malassezia w chorobach ludzi i zwierząt
    Malassezia spp. yeasts in human and animal diseases
    Autorzy:
    Gliński, Zdzisław
    Żmuda, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22026350.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Krajowa Izba Lekarsko-Weterynaryjna
    Tematy:
    czynniki chorobotworcze
    grzyby
    Malassezia
    chorobotworczosc
    czynniki ryzyka
    patogeneza
    zmiany anatomopatologiczne
    zmiany histopatologiczne
    diagnostyka
    profilaktyka
    leczenie
    choroby człowieka
    choroby zwierząt
    czynniki chorobotwórcze
    objawy zakażenia
    epidemiology
    risk factors
    pathogenesis
    clinical manifestations
    treatment
    Opis:
    There are many factors involved in the emergence of new infectious diseases or the re-emergence of “old” infectious diseases. Some, result from natural processes such as the evolution of pathogens over time, but many are a result of climate changes, environment pollution, antimicrobial medications and immunosuppression. Lipophilic yeasts Malassezia are associated with diseases affecting animal and human skin. They may also aggravate cutaneous disorders, such as seborrheic dermatitis or exacerbate the course of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Due to their specific cell structure, yeasts may be resistant to environmental stress and difficult to eliminate by the host’s immune system. This article outlines the epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment of various human and animals skin infections related to the Malassezia species.
    Źródło:
    Życie Weterynaryjne; 2020, 95, 07; 414-419
    0137-6810
    Pojawia się w:
    Życie Weterynaryjne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Grypa psów - nowa, niebezpieczna choroba zakaźna?
    Canine influenza - an emerging, threatening disease?
    Autorzy:
    Gliński, Zdzisław
    Żmuda, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22176863.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Krajowa Izba Lekarsko-Weterynaryjna
    Tematy:
    psy
    choroby wirusowe
    wirus H3N2 CIV
    epidemiologia
    objawy kliniczne
    zmiany anatomopatologiczne
    zmiany histopatologiczne
    diagnostyka
    leczenie
    profilaktyka
    choroby zakaźne
    grypa psów
    źródła zakażenia
    influenza
    dog
    H3N2 CIV
    H3N8 CIV
    clinical signs
    lesions
    control
    Opis:
    Here, an emerging, threatening disease, influenza in dogs, is presented. Like other mammalian influenza viruses, canine influenza virus (CIV), causes an acute respiratory infection. There is no season for this disease and infections can occur any time of the year. Dogs have acquired two influenza viruses since 1999. Canine influenza H3N8 virus is thought to develop from an equine H3N8 strain, whereas canine H3N2 influenza virus most likely arose through the direct transfer of an avian influenza virus from birds. The H3N8 CIV has only been reported in dogs, whereas the H3N2 CIV has caused clinical cases in dogs and cats in Asia, and antibodies to this virus have been found in both species. Almost all dogs exposed to canine influenza virus become infected, with approximately 80% developing clinical signs of disease. Some dogs have asymptomatic infections, while some have severe illness, however death cases due to CIV infection are rare. Fatal H3N8 cases in racing greyhounds were often characterized by hemorrhages in the lungs, mediastinum and pleural cavity. Severe hemorrhagic, cranio-ventral broncho-interstitial pneumonia was reported in most fatal cases of canine H3N2 influenza in naturally infected dogs from Asia. Experimentally infected dogs also had signs of pneumonia with multifocal to coalescing reddish consolidation, edema and hemorrhages in the lungs. No lesions were found outside the respiratory tract. The majority of infected dogs have the mild form of canine influenza. The approximately 20% of infected animals that do not exhibit clinical signs of disease can still shed the virus. The diagnosis is performed by serological methods, with hemagglutination inhibition (HI) as the test of choice, and by molecular methods as RT-PCR. Treatment is supportive, and often includes antibiotics to control secondary bacterial infections. Vaccines for canine influenza are available in some areas. Infection control measures include isolation of infected animals, cleaning and disinfection of cages, bowls and other fomites, and hygiene measures.
    Źródło:
    Życie Weterynaryjne; 2020, 95, 11; 697-700
    0137-6810
    Pojawia się w:
    Życie Weterynaryjne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Choroba maedi-visna nadal problemem w hodowli owiec
    Maedi-visna disease, continuous problem in sheep farming
    Autorzy:
    Gliński, Zdzisław
    Żmuda, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22443120.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Krajowa Izba Lekarsko-Weterynaryjna
    Tematy:
    owce
    choroba maedi-visna
    epidemiologia
    etiologia
    wirus maedi-visna
    patogeneza
    czynniki ryzyka
    objawy kliniczne
    zmiany anatomopatologiczne
    zmiany histopatologiczne
    diagnostyka
    choroby zwierząt
    źródła zakażenia
    drogi zakażenia
    zwalczanie chorób zwierząt
    kontrola chorób
    maedi-visna
    control
    serology
    sheep
    epidemiology
    Opis:
    Maedi-visna is a multi-systemic disease of sheep caused by a non-oncogenic, exogenous retrovirus of the Lentiviridae subfamily. It is mainly transmitted through the ingestion of milk from infected sheep, although disease can be spread within flocks through direct contact and transmission can occur also in utero. Maedi usually begins insidiously and leads to a classical interstitial pneumonia. On postmortem examination, the lungs may be 2-4 times heavier than normal, due to decreased elasticity and fibrosis. Regional lymph nodes are enlarged with formation of lymphoid follicles with active germinal centers. Visna - the neurological form of the disease, is characterized by chronic and active meningoencephalomyelitis and chorioiditis with massive infiltrations of mononuclear cells around the blood vessels, microglial nodules formation and astrogliosis. Virus isolation is very specific but of variable sensitivity. The cytopathic effects are characteristic, consisting of the appearance of stellate cells and syncytia. The diagnostic methods currently used are based on the detection of either antibodies or the viral genome. The three most commonly tests used, are the PCR and RT-PCR, agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western blot analysis and radio-immunoprecipitation are also performed, but only in specialized laboratories. No commercial vaccines are available to control infection, and to date, monitoring programs have proved to be the only effective tool in controlling this disease.
    Źródło:
    Życie Weterynaryjne; 2022, 97, 09; 587-591
    0137-6810
    Pojawia się w:
    Życie Weterynaryjne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Afrykański pomór koni
    African horse sickness
    Autorzy:
    Gliński, Zdzisław
    Żmuda, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22392763.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Krajowa Izba Lekarsko-Weterynaryjna
    Tematy:
    konie
    epidemiologia
    etiologia
    patogeneza
    objawy kliniczne
    zmiany anatomopatologiczne
    rozpoznanie
    profilaktyka
    choroby zwierząt
    afrykański pomór koni
    postępowanie ze zwierzętami
    African horse sickness clinical cases
    diagnosis
    prophylaxis
    Opis:
    African horse sickness is a highly infectious and devastating disease that causes great suffering and many fatalities in equids. It commonly affects horses, mules, donkeys and dogs. The disease is caused by nine different serotypes of the African horse sickness virus, ASHV, genus Orbivirus (Reoviridae), and it is spread mainly by hematophagous arthropods of the Culicoides. Some crossreactions are observed between 1 and 2,3 and 7,5 and 8, and 6 and 9 serotypes. Clinical forms of AHS include peracute pulmonary, subacute cardiac, and mixed as well as subclinical (horse sickness fever). The most severe, with mortality rates exceeding 95%, is the pulmonary form, accompanied by fever, mild depression, sweating, spasmodic coughing, anorexia and respiratory distress. The subacute cardiac form with a mortality of about 50%, is characterized by fever, swelling of the head, neck and supraorbital fossae and sometimes, petechial hemorrhages in the eyes. The mildest form of the disease is generally not fatal and is accompanied by a low grade fever, anorexia, depression and congestion of the mucous membranes. The most common cases with a 70% mortality rate, are mixture of the pulmonary and cardiac forms. Differential diagnosis include equine encephalosis virus (also Orbivirus), equine infectious anemia, equine viral arteritis, anaplasmosis, babesiosis, or theileriosis. Clinical AHS cases have also been described in dogs, with acute respiratory distress syndrome or sudden death. Diagnosis of the disease is based on typical clinical signs and lesions, a history consistent with vector transmission and confirmation by laboratory detection of virus and/or anti-virus antibodies. Currently, prevention and control of African horse sickness is based on administration of live attenuated vaccines and control of the arthropod vectors.
    Źródło:
    Życie Weterynaryjne; 2022, 97, 06; 385-389
    0137-6810
    Pojawia się w:
    Życie Weterynaryjne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Enzootyczne ronienie owiec
    Enzootic abortion in sheep
    Autorzy:
    Gliński, Zdzisław
    Żmuda, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22416175.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Krajowa Izba Lekarsko-Weterynaryjna
    Tematy:
    owce
    zaburzenia rozrodu
    enzootyczne ronienie owiec
    Chlamydophila abortus
    epidemiologia
    etiologia
    patogeneza
    zmiany anatomopatologiczne
    objawy kliniczne
    rozpoznanie
    rozród zwierząt
    postępowanie ze zwierzętami
    enzootic abortion
    ewes
    pregnancy
    vaccines
    Źródło:
    Życie Weterynaryjne; 2022, 97, 08; 533-537
    0137-6810
    Pojawia się w:
    Życie Weterynaryjne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Tężec - ostra neuroinfekcja ludzi i zwierząt
    Tetanus - acute neuroinfection of humans and animals
    Autorzy:
    Gliński, Zdzisław
    Żmuda, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22180826.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Krajowa Izba Lekarsko-Weterynaryjna
    Tematy:
    epidemiologia
    Clostridium tetani
    patofizjologia
    toksyny
    tetanospazmina
    tetanolizyna
    objawy kliniczne
    zmiany anatomopatologiczne
    diagnostyka
    leczenie
    profilaktyka
    choroby człowieka
    choroby zwierząt
    tężec
    laseczka tężca
    tetanus
    prophylactic measures
    treatment
    Opis:
    This article aims at the reviewing current measures in prophylaxis and treatment of tetanus, well known neuroinfection, frequently met in farm animals and also in companion animals. Tetanus is a common neurologic disease, occurring as well in humans and characterized by spastic paralysis. It is caused by tetanus toxin, tetanospasmin, produced by Clostridium tetani, environmental, soil borne, anaerobic, Gram-positive, sporulating bacterium.Horses and humans appear to be the most susceptible of all mammals, whereas cattle, dogs, and cats are more resistant. The usual route of infection is a soil-contaminated injury, particularly deep, penetrating wounds, where necrotic tissues promote germination of spores, multiplication of anaerobic C. tetani and toxin production. The wound may be trivial, even unnoticed. The diagnosis of tetanus is mainly based on the typical clinical signs: jaw cramping, muscle spasm, painful muscle stiffness, seizures, changes in blood pressure and heart rate, and also on ELISA testing for tetanospasmin. Identification of C. tetani at the portal of entry is often difficult. Prevention of tetanus depends on the regular immunization with tetanus toxoid. Treatment consists of wound care, medications to ease symptoms and supportive care.
    Źródło:
    Życie Weterynaryjne; 2021, 96, 05; 317-321
    0137-6810
    Pojawia się w:
    Życie Weterynaryjne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Beztlenowcowa enterotoksemia owiec
    Pulpy kidney disease
    Autorzy:
    Gliński, Zdzisław
    Żmuda, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22180967.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Krajowa Izba Lekarsko-Weterynaryjna
    Tematy:
    owce
    enterotoksemia beztlenowcowa
    epidemiologia
    Clostridium perfringens typ D
    patogeneza
    objawy kliniczne
    nerki
    autoliza
    rozpoznanie
    profilaktyka
    szczepienia ochronne
    choroby zwierząt
    zmiany pośmiertne
    narządy wewnętrzne
    postępowanie ze zwierzętami
    Clostridium perfringens type D
    sheep
    pulpy kidney
    vaccination
    Opis:
    This article aims at presentation of disease in sheep that follows upset in gut microbiota, due to sudden changes to a rich diet. Enterotoxemia (pulpy kidney disease), most commonly occurs in rapidly growing or weaned lambs, when there is a rapid shift to a low fiber and high carbohydrate diet. The disease develops when Clostridium perfringens type D, that normally inhabits the animal intestines, begins to multiply fast and produces an epsilon toxin that results in toxemia and frequently, the sudden death. Rapid multiplication of type D and epsilon toxin production is favored by excess of dietary starch in the small intestine. C. perfringens type D can also cause a chronic form of the disease – focal, symmetrical encephalomalacia. Diagnosis is based on clinical signs, history of sudden death cases in herd and confirmation by necropsy, brain histopathology, bacteriological examination, RT-PCR and ELISA. Treatment, prevention and control of pulpy kidney disease depends on serotherapy with antitoxin, supportive treatment and correction of diet and vaccination. Effective vaccines are commercially available. All animals in the herd, especially the young ones, should be vaccinated to minimize the risk of enterotoxemia in sheep.
    Źródło:
    Życie Weterynaryjne; 2021, 96, 06; 412-414
    0137-6810
    Pojawia się w:
    Życie Weterynaryjne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Bokawirusy - nowe parwowirusy chorobotwórcze dla ludzi i psów
    Bocaviruses - new parvoviruses pathogenic for humans and dogs
    Autorzy:
    Gliński, Zdzisław
    Żmuda, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22030417.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Krajowa Izba Lekarsko-Weterynaryjna
    Tematy:
    wirusologia
    parwowirusy
    bokawirusy
    epidemiologia
    patogeneza
    objawy chorobowe
    zmiany anatomopatologiczne
    rozpoznanie
    charakterystyka
    bokaparwowirusy psów
    choroby zwierząt
    bokawirus człowieka
    chorobotwórczość
    canine bocaparvovirus
    CaBoV1–3
    human bocavirus
    HBoV1
    animal bocaviruses
    Opis:
    This review aims at presentation of a group of parvoviruses, that gain the significance in small animals. Bocaparvovirus 1 (CaBoV1, minute virus of canines), was identified in 1967. Majority of CaBoV1 infections in dogs appear to be subclinical. However, there are also studies, confirming that CaBoV1 is dangerous, especially for developing fetuses, for young puppies and for elderly dogs. Canine Bocaparvovirus 2 (CaBoV2), was identified in 2012 in a litter of puppies, in association with respiratory signs resulting from interstitial pneumonia and with massive enteritis with atrophied and fused villi, severe crypts regeneration, and severe bone marrow and lymphoid atrophy. A third canine bocaparvovirus (CaBoV3), was identified in the liver of a dog with circovirus coinfection. In 2005, the human bocavirus (HBoV), has been isolated from respiratory tract and has been reported worldwide with frequencies ranging from 1.5 to 18.3% in samples from children with upper respiratory tract infections. Three more enteric, human bocaviruses (HBoV2–4), have been found in stool samples. HBoV infections are significantly more frequent in children from 6 month to 3 year of age. So far, no HBoV-specific clinical symptoms are known. Bocaparvoviruses were also isolated from other animal species, including pigs, cats, gorilla, sea lions, rodents and bats.
    Źródło:
    Życie Weterynaryjne; 2020, 95, 08
    0137-6810
    Pojawia się w:
    Życie Weterynaryjne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zakażenie Clostridioides difficile jako zoonoza i antroponoza
    Clostridioides difficile infection - zoonosis and reverse zoonosis
    Autorzy:
    Gliński, Zdzisław
    Żmuda, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22181032.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Krajowa Izba Lekarsko-Weterynaryjna
    Tematy:
    konie
    trzoda chlewna
    psy
    koty
    bydlo
    zoonozy
    antropozoonoza
    Clostridioides difficile zob.Clostridium difficile
    Clostridium difficile
    patogeneza
    zmiany anatomopatologiczne
    czynniki ryzyka
    choroby człowieka
    bydło
    choroby zwierząt
    rzekomobłoniaste zapalenie jelit
    zapalenie okrężnicy
    czynniki chorobotwórcze
    właściwości
    Clostridioides difficile
    zoonosis
    antroponosis
    Opis:
    Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile is the most common cause of antibiotic and hospital associated diarrhea and severe colitis in humans and also in dogs, cats, horses, cattle and pigs. It appears to be an emerging zoonotic and reversely zoonotic pathogen The primary virulence factors of C. difficile are the two major toxins, toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB). Some strains of C. difficile may also produce an ADP-ribosylating binary toxin (CDT). Dogs and cats in animal shelters are a reservoir of human pathogenic C. difficile. Small animals can potentially act as vectors for the transmission of the organism to humans via direct contact or indirect transmission through raw food, or through contaminated water. Inversely, toxin producing ribotypes 014, 027 and 078 of C. difficile can be transmitted from humans to animals. Our article aims at the presentation of this emerging animal associated disease, its pathogenesis, and methods of control.
    Źródło:
    Życie Weterynaryjne; 2021, 96, 11; 755-760
    0137-6810
    Pojawia się w:
    Życie Weterynaryjne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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