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Tytuł:
A Model of Ship Propulsion Systems Operating Process
Model procesu eksploatacji układu napędowego statku
Autorzy:
Girtler, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/360243.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Tematy:
proces eksploatacji
proces semimarkowski
układ napędowy statku
EXPLO-SHIP 2004
operation process
semi-Markov process
ship propulsion system
Opis:
The paper contains a formal description of ship propulsion systems operation process. The model of the process is presented in the form of two-dimensional stochastic process of which coordinates are semi-Markov processes of the final states set. The former process describes the process of changes in technical states of ship propulsion systems, the latter - the process of changes in their operating states. A monovariate model of ship propulsion systems operation process has also been proposed.
Podano opis formalny procesu eksploatacji układów napędowych statków. Model tego procesu przedstawiono w formie dwuwymiarowego procesu, którego współrzędnymi są procesy semi-Markowa o skończonych zbiorach stanów. Jeden z tych procesów jest procesem zmian stanów technicznych układów napędowych a drugi - procesem zmian ich stanów eksploatacyjnych. Zaproponowano także jednowymiarowy model procesu eksploatacji układów napędowych statków.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2004, 1 (73); 211-220
1733-8670
2392-0378
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Semi-Markovian models of the process of technical state changes of technical objects
Autorzy:
Girtler, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259191.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
model
technical object
semi-Marcovian process
technical state
Opis:
The most important problem of operation of all technical objects (devices) is the problem of rational (optimum) decision control of the process of technical state changes of the objects. Such control can be realized when a model of the process of technical stale chanŹges is applied. In view of this, a formal description of the operational process of technical objects was presented in this paper, as well as it was justified that the model of the process may be a semi-Markovian process of finite set of states. Examples of 4-and 3-state semiŹ-Markovian process were given as a model of the above mentioned process of state chanŹges of any device. Difficulties associated with forming such model, which arise from application of the theory of semi-Markovian processes, were indicated. Therefore the proposed model is the semi-Markovian process whose values are technical states occurring in the phase of operation of many technical objects of practical importance (e.g. combustion piston engines, turbines, displacement and rotary compressors, impeller pumps etc).
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2004, 4; 3-7
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of theory of semi-Markov processes to determining distribution of probabilistic process of marine accidents resulting from collision of ships
Autorzy:
Girtler, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260618.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
critical manoeuvre
port
probability
semi-Markov process
sea-going ship
Opis:
In this paper is presented possible application of the theory of semi-Markov processes to elaborating an eight-state model of the process of occurrence of serviceability state and unserviceability states of sea-going ships making critical manoeuvres during their entering and leaving the ports. In the analysis it was taken into account that sea-going ships are in service for a very long time t (t → ∞). The model was elaborated to determine the probability (P0) of correct execution of critical manoeuvres during ship’s entering and leaving the port as well as the probabilities Pj(j = 1, 2, 3, …, 7) of incorrect execution of critical manoeuvres by a ship, that leads to marine accidents. It was assumed that such accidents result from: ship’s grounding on port approaching fairway, collision with a ship on port approching fairway, collision with a pierhead during passing through port entrance, collision with a hydrotechnical structure during ship’s passing through port channels, collision with a port quay during coming alongside it and collision with a ship already moored to the quay. The probability (P0) was assumed a measure of safe execution of a critical manoeuvre. The probability characterizes possibility of avoiding any collision during ship’s entering and leaving the port. The probability Pa = 1 – P0 was assumed a measure of occurrence of a collsion and - consequently - marine accident. The probability Pa was interpreted as a sum of the probabilities Pj(j = 1, 2, 3, …, 7) of occurrence of all the selected events. In summing up the paper, attention was drawn to its merits which - in opinion of this author - are crucial for research on real process of accidents during entering the port and leaving it by sea-going ship in difficult navigation conditions.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2014, 1; 9-13
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zastosowanie diagnostyki do decyzyjnego sterowania procesem eksploatacji urządzeń
Application of diagnostics for decision control over the process of systems operation
Autorzy:
Girtler, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/327672.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Towarzystwo Diagnostyki Technicznej PAN
Tematy:
diagnostyka techniczna
eksploatacja
sterowanie decyzyjne
technical diagnostics
process of operation
decision control
Opis:
Decyzyjne sterowanie procesem eksploatacji urządzeń technicznych należy do najistotniejszych problemów w eksploatacji tych urządzeń. Rozwiązanie tego problemu i zapewnienie racjonalnego sterowania wspomnianym procesem wymaga zastosowania diagnostyki technicznej. W artykule scharakteryzowano stochastyczną sytuację decyzyjną wynikającą z funkcjonowania tak istotnych urządzeń, jakimi są silniki spalinowe, sprężarki, pompy, kotły parowe, itp. w dowolnym systemie eksploatacyjnym i na tym tle przedstawiono propozycje zastosowania diagnostyki technicznej do sterowania procesem eksploatacji tych urządzeń.
Decision control of technical systems operation process is one of the most important problems in operating systems. Solving this problem and ensuring the rational control of the mentioned process demand employment of technical diagnostics. The paper provides description of a stochastic decision situation following from operating such significant systems like combustion engines, compressors, pumps, steam boilers, etc. of any operation system and on this background there are presented proposals of applying technical diagnostics for controlling the operation process of the systems.
Źródło:
Diagnostyka; 2006, 2(38); 151-158
1641-6414
2449-5220
Pojawia się w:
Diagnostyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A semi-Markov model of fuel combustion process in a diesel engine
Autorzy:
Girtler, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/963463.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Opis:
A four-state model of the combustion process in working spaces (cylinders) of a diesel engine is presented in the form of a semi-Markov process, discrete in states and continuous in time. The values in this process are the states : s1, s2, s3, s4 corresponding to commonly accepted types of combustion in those engines, namely : s1 - the process state which corresponds to total (complete and perfect) combustion, s2 - the process state which corresponds to incomplete combustion, s3 - the process state which corresponds to imperfect combustion, and s4 - the process state which corresponds to both incomplete and imperfect combustion. It is also mentioned that proper use of diesel engines can secure a correct course of the combustion process, if it is properly attended and shaped. During this course the state s4 does not take place. Formulas are given which make it possible to determine the probability of staying of the combustion process in the above named states, along with the interpretation of the probability P1 = P(s1) as the probability of correct (reliable) engine operation.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2007, S 1; 58-61
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Conception of valuation of combustion engine operation
Autorzy:
Girtler, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244104.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
heat
operation
energy
work
semi-Markov process
combustion engine
Opis:
The work provides a proposal of interpretation showing operation in terms of values being compared to a physical quantity with the unit of measure called joule-second, just like operations of Hamilton and Maupertius demonstrated in classical mechanics. Operation in this interpretation is also considered in quantum mechanics, referring to body electromagnetic radiation source of which operation is characterized by Planck constant. An original method of analysis and evaluation of machine operation is herein presented in the energetic aspect, as the result of applying the theory of semi-Markov processes. In order to give grounds for usability of such interpreted operation it has been employed the model describing changes in energy of combustion engines, in the form of state-discrete and time-continuous semi-Markov process. The process is thus a semi-Markov model of getting worse combustion engine operation run with the lapse of time and regaining the initial energetic state of the engine after its refurbishment. The limiting distribution of the process has been determined with probabilities of occurring the distinguished energetic states of mentioned engines. The paper shows that the proposed interpretation for the operation enables making a graph of operation, which demonstrates engine operation in the form of field. The attention is paid that the engine operation in the presented version has got the advantage that can be expressed as a quantity with the joule-second as a unit of measure and as a graph in the form of operation field. The coordinate system for presenting the operation as a field, proposed in this paper, refers to the known in thermodynamics possibility of expressing the energy conversion sorts like work and heat (according to the conception of Clapeyron and Belpaire) in the form of fields.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 2; 89-96
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A probabilistic concept of load assessmentof self-ignition engines
Autorzy:
Girtler, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/258922.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
hypothesis
load
self-ignition engine
stochastic process
Opis:
A proposal of probabilistic interpretation of loading process of self-ignition combustion engines, was presented. Probabilistic description of loading the engines was proposed with taking into account known parameters (indices) of their operation. It was demonstrated that instantaneous load of such engines can be considered a random variable. Attention was paid to the fact that the load can be taken as a multi-dimensional random variable. Engine load changes during its operation were considered as the loading process and presented in the form of a multi-dimensional stochastic process whose states are loads considered to be random variables. It was demonstrated that the loading process can be taken as the stochastic one of asymptotically independent incements, stationary and ergodic. Justification of the above mentioned features of the loading process is contained in the presented hypotheses. It was also demonstrated that in testing the load process of self-ignition engines stochastic relation between thermal and mechanical loading should be taken into account.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2008, 2; 65-70
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A model of fuel combustion process in the marine reciprocating engine work space taking into account load and wear of crankshaft-piston assembly and the theory of semi-Markov processes
Autorzy:
Girtler, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259557.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
engine load
marine internal combustion engine
probability
semi-Markov process
crankshaft-piston assembly
Opis:
The article analyses the operation of reciprocal internal combustion engines, with marine engines used as an example. The analysis takes into account types of energy conversion in the work spaces (cylinders) of these engines, loads of their crankshaft-piston assemblies, and types of fuel combustion which can take place in these spaces during engine operation. It is highlighted that the analysed time-dependent loads of marine internal combustion engine crankshaftpiston assemblies are random processes. It is also indicated that the wear of elements of those assemblies resulting from their load should also be considered a random process. A hypothesis is formulated which explains random nature of load and the absence of the theoretically expected detonation combustion in engines supplied with such fuels as Diesel Oil, Marine Diesel Oil, and Heavy Fuel Oil. A model is proposed for fuel combustion in an arbitrary work space of a marine Diesel engine, which has the form of a stochastic four-state process, discrete in states and continuous in time. The model is based on the theory of semi-Markov processes.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2016, 3; 50-57
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The semi-Markov model of the process of appearance of sea-going ship propupsion system ability and inability states in application to determining the reliablity of these systems
Autorzy:
Girtler, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259071.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
reliability
semi-Markov process
state of ability
state of inability
sea-going ship
ship propulsion system
Opis:
The article presents possible application of the theory of semi-Markov processes in creating the eight-state model of the process of appearance of the propulsion systems ability and inability states on sea-going vessels performing transportation tasks in a relatively long operating time t (t → ∞). The model has been proved to be able to be successfully used for determining the reliability of the abovementioned systems. The probability of faultless operation in time t was assumed the measure of system reliability. Operating situations of sea-going vessels were characterised, with special attention being paid to the fact that the loads of propulsion system components of these vessels are of random nature. These loads lead to damages which for this reason were also considered random events. It was also assumed that the damages provoke the appearance of states of inability of particular ship propulsion system components which means that these states are random events as well. The states of ability of a given ship propulsion system have been assumed to exist when all components of this system are in the state of ability. In case when at least one component is in the state of inability, the entire system is in the state of inability. Conditions were formulated for the reliability model of an arbitrary system to be able to be worked out in the form of the semi-Markov process. The need for the use of technical diagnostics in reliability examination of sea-going ship propulsion systems was indicated. In conclusions, certain qualities of the article were highlighted which are, in author’s opinion, of highest importance in reliability examination of sea-going ship propulsion systems.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2013, 4; 18-24
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stochastic model of the load spectrum for main engines of sea-going ships
Autorzy:
Girtler, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243406.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
semi-Markov process
load
diesel engine
main engine
sea ship
Opis:
The paper presents possibility of applying the theory of semi-Markov processes for probabilistic description of load spectrum for diesel engines employed for ship propulsion, so for main engines. The considerations include output power characteristics for this kind of engines. The characteristics have enabled formulating a four-member set of states of the process of load on the engines. The theory of semi-Markov processes has been applied for describing the real process of loads on the mentioned engines. This theory has made possible building a model of the engine loads in form of a continuous-time semi-Markov process with a four-state set of values. Properties of a Darboux continuous function, which allow considering the engine loads as the discrete-states and continuous-time processes, have been used to build the model. In consequence a limiting distribution of the occurring process of successive states of engine loads could be determined. The distribution is the probabilities of staying a sea-going ship main engine in successive states of load. The distribution is characterized by the spectrum of loads on this kind of engines. The presented model can be developed by taking into account many states of the process of main engines loading as the need is to make such a probabilistic description of the process that provides possibility of rational control of the operating process.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2007, 14, 3; 187-193
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reliability and types of diagnosis in the process of diesel engine operation
Autorzy:
Girtler, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2073667.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
diagnosis
marine engine
diesel engine
diagnosing system
diagnosed system
diagnosis reliability
Opis:
The article presents complexity of the problem concerning development of diagnosis with defined reliability by a diagnosing system (SDG) on technical condition of marine combustion engines, especially main engines. It was shown that development of the final diagnosis, the so-called initial operation diagnosis, on the operational usability (fDG on PEx) of a main engine in particular, is not possible without prior development of reliable diagnoses such as: diagnosis on correctness of diagnostic signals, diagnosis on correctness of values of the measured diagnostic parameters of an engine (DG on pWM), diagnosis on technical condition of an engine (DG on ST) and initial diagnosis on operational usability of an engine (wDG on PEx), the so-called initial operation diagnosis. Difficulties in development of the diagnoses were emphasized herein due to the fact that the process of acquisition of information needed to develop diagnoses with certain reliability or accuracy is a two-dimensional stochastic process with components: B(t) – being considered during operation (use) of SDG (at so-called long time - quasistatic) and C(ʋ) – being considered while measuring diagnostic parameters and diagnostic inference (at so-called short time - dynamic). The need to determine reliability or accuracy rate of each diagnosis in the form of conditional probability P(S/K) was also indicated, where S – technical state of the engine and K – vector of values of diagnostic parameters reflecting state S. Diagnostic status of marine engine as a diagnosed system (SDN) was characterized in general, on the example of an engine operation process with regards to input (X), output (Y), constant (C) and interference (Z) values. Also there was explained how to understand the terms: diagnostic test, signal inference, measurement inference, structure inference and operation inference, and how inductive inference can be used to verify, for example, the hypothesis H on engine state S when vector K of values of engine diagnostic parameters is observed.
Źródło:
Journal of Polish CIMEEAC; 2018, 13, 1; 20--29
1231-3998
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Polish CIMEEAC
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Probabilistic concept of defining the situations possible to occur during operation of floating docks
Autorzy:
Girtler, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260295.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
floating dock
safety
model
reliability
technical object
semi-Markov process
technical state
Opis:
In this paper possibility to assess safety of floating docks as a result of application of the theory of semi-Markov processes both in the phase of their designing and operating, is outlined. Formal description of the situations which may occur during service of floating docks both those intended for building and repairing the ships, was presented. The following situations were distinguished : normal, complicated, hazardous, emergency and disastrous. A model of changing the distinguished situations was proposed in the form of a semi - Markov process with discrete set of states, and continuous with time. The mentioned situations are values of the process. An operational safety measure for dock was formulated in the form of the probability of the event consisting in occurrence of normal or complicated situation. It was proved that assessment of probability of occurrence of particular situations is possible.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2005, S 1; 34-38
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Physical aspects of application and usefulness of semi-Markovian processes for modelling the processes occurring in operational phase of technical objects
Autorzy:
Girtler, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259227.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
technical object
semi-Marcovian process
tribological unit
wear
Opis:
In the paper usefulness of semi-Markovian processes for modelling real processes which occur in the operational phase of various technical objects, is considered. The usefulness of this theory was proved by presenting specific features of the semi-Markovian processes and physical aspects of their use as models of the processes occurring in the operational phase of the objects in question. The specific features were described with taking into account the process of changing the technical states of such objects. The physical aspects of models in the form of semi-Markovian processes were justified by postulating a hypoŹthesis by which wear process of tribological units of crucial sub-assemblies of machines, can be explained. Also, the consequences logically resulting from the hypothesis and necessary to its verification, are discusŹsed. A method for its verification is also attached. It was proved possible to model the real processes in question by means of the continuous semi-Markovian processes of finite set of states.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2004, 3; 25-30
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Designing engine rooms of new generation ships realized within the framework of European research projects EUREKA - chosen questions
Autorzy:
Girtler, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/962810.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
ship power plant
sea-going ship
reliability and safety
design
semi-Markovian process
Opis:
Importance of reliability and safety in the operation phase of engine rooms has been proven. A concept of designing engine rooms taking into consideration their reliability, safety i of functioning as well as ecological features has been proposed. The need for as well as the main principles of carrying out empirical research in particular ship design stages have been introduced. Possibilities of the use of the semi-Markov theory in designing engine rooms have been justified. Possibilities of formulation and importance of hypothesis in scientific research related to engine rooms of sea going and inland ships depending on their particular specific features have been introduced. Examples of such hypothesis and their verification methods have been given. Possibilities of the use of semi-Markov processes in optimization of the ship operation have been signalled.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2004, S 1; 57-61
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Four-state stochastic model of changes in the reliability states of a motor vehicle
Model stochastyczny czterostanowy zmian stanów niezawodnościowych samochodu
Autorzy:
Girtler, J.
Ślęzak, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1366153.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Naukowo-Techniczne Towarzystwo Eksploatacyjne PAN
Tematy:
niezawodność
proces semimarkowski
samochód
reliability
semi-Markov process
motor vehicle
Opis:
The properties of semi-Markov processes have been generally characterized and the applicability of the theory of such processes to the determining of the reliability of motor cars and other road vehicles has been explained. A formal description of the process of changes in the motor vehicle technical states considered as reliability states and a model of this process in the form of a one-dimensional stochastic process have been presented. The values of this process are the technical states of the motor vehicle in question that have significant practical importance. A four-state set of states interpreted as follows has been adopted: full (complete) serviceability, partial (incomplete) serviceability, task-limiting serviceability,and complete (total) unserviceability. Based on the initial distribution adopted and the functional matrix worked out, the boundary distribution of the process of changes in the technical (reliability) states of the motor vehicle has been defined. The probability of the vehicle being fully serviceable has been considered a measure of the vehicle reliability for a long period of vehicle operation. A possibility of defining the vehicle reliability in the form of a probability that a task would also be fulfilled by the vehicle being partially serviceable has also been indicated.
W artykule scharakteryzowano ogólnie własności procesów semimarkowskich i uzasadniono możliwości ich zastosowania do określenia niezawodności samochodów i innych pojazdów drogowych. Przedstawiono formalny opis procesu zmian stanów technicznych samochodów uznanych za stany niezawodnościowe oraz model tego procesu w postaci jednowymiarowego procesu stochastycznego. Wartościami tego procesu są występujące w czasie eksploatacji stany techniczne samochodów, mające istotne znaczenie praktyczne. Przyjęto czterostanowy zbiór stanów o następującej interpretacji: stan zdatności pełnej (całkowitej), stan zdatności częściowej (niepełnej, niecałkowitej), stan niepełnej zdatności zadaniowej i stan niezdatności pełnej (całkowitej). Na podstawie przyjętego rozkładu początkowego i opracowanej macierzy funkcyjnej został określony rozkład graniczny procesu zmian stanów technicznych (niezawodnościowych) samochodu. Prawdopodobieństwo istnienia stanu zdatności pełnej (całkowitej) samochodu zostało uznane za miarę jego niezawodności w długim okresie czasu eksploatacji. Wskazano też na możliwość określenia niezawodności samochodu w formie prawdopodobieństwa, w którym uwzględniony został przypadek wykonania zadania przez samochód także wtedy, gdy znajduje się on w stanie zdatności częściowej.
Źródło:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność; 2013, 15, 2; 156-160
1507-2711
Pojawia się w:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 23

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