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    Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5
    Tytuł:
    Ventilation of the Baltic Sea deep water: A brief review of present knowledge from observations and models
    Autorzy:
    Markus Meier, H.E.
    Feistel, R.
    Piechura, J.
    Arneborg, L.
    Burchard, H.
    Fiekas, V.
    Golenko, N.
    Kuzmina, N.
    Mohrholz, V.
    Nohr, C.
    Paka, V.T.
    Sellschopp, J.
    Stips, A.
    Zhurbas, V.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47761.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Sopot
    ventilation
    conference
    Baltic Sea
    deep water
    turbulent mixing
    Opis:
    The ventilation of the Baltic Sea deep water is driven by either gale-forced barotropic or baroclinic salt water inflows. During the past two decades, the frequency of large barotropic inflows (mainly in winter) has decreased and the frequency of medium-intensity baroclinic inflows (observed in summer) has increased. As a result of entrainment of ambient oxygen-rich water, summer inflows are also important for the deep water ventilation. Recent process studies of salt water plumes suggest that the entrainment rates are generally smaller than those predicted by earlier entrainment models. In addition to the entrance area, the Słupsk Sill and the Słupsk Furrow are important locations for the transformation of water masses. Passing the Słupsk Furrow, both gravity-driven dense bottom flows and sub-surface cyclonic eddies, which are eroded laterally by thermohaline intrusions, ventilate the deep water of the eastern Gotland Basin. A recent study of the energy transfer from barotropic to baroclinic wave motion using a twodimensional shallow water model suggests that about 30% of the energy needed below the halocline for deep water mixing is explained by the breaking of internal waves. In the deep water decade-long stagnation periods with decreasing oxygen and increasing hydrogen sulphide concentrations might be caused by anomalously large freshwater inflows and anomalously high mean zonal wind speeds. In different studies the typical response time scale of average salinity was estimated to be between approximately 20 and 30 years. The review summarizes recent research results and ends with a list of open questions and recommendations.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2006, 48, S
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Synoptic changes in the deep rim current during stagnant hydrographic conditions in the Eastern Gotland Basin, Baltic Sea
    Autorzy:
    Hagen, E.
    Feistel, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/49138.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Gotland Basin
    hydrography
    deep water condition
    current measurement
    Baltic Sea
    Baltic Monitoring Programme
    Opis:
    Hydrographic and current measurements are analysed for stagnant deep-water conditions over the south-eastern topographic flank of the Eastern Gotland Basin (EGB) in April 2000. Results suggest a prevailing barotropic motion mode on a synoptic scale of several days. Deep along-slope volume transports derived from subsurface current meter moorings are compared with those of the baroclinic fraction of geostrophic motions crossing the plane of a hydrographic section. This was aligned perpendicular to deep isobaths and was repeated 40 times with a time step of six hours. Changes in regional winds produced a quasi-ten day cycle in the filling level of the Baltic Proper. Associated wave-like fluctuations of the mass field propagated cyclonically with a velocity of about 0.04 m s−1 around the deep basin’s rim. It is concluded that associated changes in deep volume transports result mainly from barotropically governed advection processes and that those of the baroclinic component of geostrophic currents provide a qualitatively and quantitatively quite inaccurate description of related transport fluctuations on a daily scale.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2007, 49, 2
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Temporal and spatial evolution of the Baltic deep water renewal in spring 2003
    Autorzy:
    Feistel, R.
    Nausch, G.
    Matthaus, W.
    Hagen, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48009.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2003
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    temporal evolution
    inflow
    spring
    deep water renewal
    Baltic Sea
    oxygen condition
    spatial evolution
    Opis:
    In January 2003, a deep-water renewal process in the Baltic Sea commenced with an inflow of about 200 km3 of cold and well oxygenated water from the Kattegat, half of which was of salinity >17 PSU; it is considered to be the most important inflow since 1993. Related front propagation and the ventilation of anoxic waters between the western and the central Baltic were recorded by the Darss Sill measuring mast, the Arkona Basin buoy, a subsurface mooring in the Eastern Gotland Basin, and hydrographic research cruises conducted in January, February, March, May and August 2003. Already in May, the central Gotland Basin was reached by water with near-bottom oxygen concentrations among the highest ever recorded there. A comprehensive review of the observed spatial and temporal structures together with additional background data is presented. Estimates of the intensity of the present inflow are discussed.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2003, 45, 4
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Unusual Baltic inflow activity in 2002-2003 and varying deep-water properties
    Autorzy:
    Feistel, R.
    Nausch, G.
    Hagen, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48654.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Sopot
    temperature
    inflow
    residence time
    deep water renewal
    conference
    salinity
    Baltic Sea
    Baltic Monitoring Programme
    Opis:
    The unusual sequence of inflow events into the Baltic Sea that occurred in 2002 and 2003 includes the first ever important baroclinic inflow to be described (August 2002), the Major Baltic Inflow (January 2003), which gave rise to the highest oxygen levels in the Gotland Deep since the 1930s, and the baroclinic inflow (August 2003) that elevated the Gotland Basin deep water salinity to values last observed in 1977, and caused the surface salinity to rise again. From these trend changes, salt residence times were estimated at about 20 years in the deep waters and 30 years above the pycnocline. Ventilation of the remote Karlsö Deep took until 2005, two years after the inflow event responsible, at a time when the Bornholm and Eastern Gotland Basins were already returning to stagnation.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2006, 48, S
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Hydrographic and hydrochemical conditions in the Gotland Deep area between 1992 and 2003
    Autorzy:
    Nausch, G.
    Matthaus, W.
    Feistel, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48546.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2003
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    nutrient pool
    temperature
    hydrography
    hydrochemical condition
    ventilation
    nutrient distribution
    bottom water
    salinity
    Baltic Sea
    stagnation period
    hydrographic condition
    Gotland Deep
    Opis:
    The paper describes the hydrographic-hydrochemical development in the eastern Gotland Basin between the major saltwater inflows into the Baltic Sea in 1993 and 2003. This period is characterised by only low inflow activity. The most important hydrographic events were the effects of the very strong inflow in 1993 and the weak inflows in 1993/1994 and 1997. The 1993/1994 inflows led to deep-water renewal, a steep fall in deep-water temperatures, and increasing salinity. The effects of the inflow of very warm, saline and oxygen-rich water in autumn 1997 were observed in the deep water in 1998, resulting in temperatures rising to 7◦C. The recent renewal in spring 2003 is reflected in the decreasing temperature, higher salinity and improved ventilation of the bottom water. Changes in the redox conditions exert a considerable influence on the nutrient distribution. During stagnation periods, there is enrichment of phosphate and ammonium, while nitrate is absent. Thus, around 31 μmol l−1 ammonium and 7 μmol l−1 phosphate were measured prior to the water renewal in 2003. Deepwater ventilation results in lower phosphate concentrations of around 2 μmol l−1, the nitrification of ammonium and the occurrence of nitrate. For the observation period, an estimate of nutrients stored in the deep water was done for the eastern Gotland Basin. During the recent stagnation period, there was an increase of up to 150% in the phosphate pool below the halocline, whereas the pool of inorganic nitrogen compounds decreased to 80% compared with 1992 when the previous stagnation period had ended. Under specific circumstances, these unbalanced nutrients can be made available to the upper water layers and can induce large-scale blooms of algae, especially of cyanobacteria.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2003, 45, 4
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5

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